Assessment of Corpus Callosum Biometric Measurements at 18 to 32 Weeks' Gestation by 3-Dimensional Sonography

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Rizzo ◽  
Maria Elena Pietrolucci ◽  
Alessandra Capponi ◽  
Domenico Arduini
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Biometric Measurements

What is Known about Corpus Callosum Prenatally?

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Merz
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The corpus callosum is the main commissure of the fetal brain and can be displayed with two-dimensional (2D) and threedimensional (3D) ultrasound. However, only 3D ultrasound provides the operator with the possibility to adjust the three orthogonal planes of the brain in that way that the entire corpus callosum is shown precisely in the median plane. The aim of this article is to provide the most recent information on the assessment of the fetal corpus callosum by means of 3D ultrasound. Different topics are highlighted, such as advantage of 3D ultrasound over 2D ultrasound, indications for displaying the fetal corpus callosum, demonstration of the normal and abnormal corpus callosum and biometric measurements of the fetal corpus callosum by 3D ultrasound. Furthermore the question is raised whether fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can give additional information to the 3D ultrasound examination and whether the diagnosis resulting from 3D neurosonography gives us the chance for a better counseling of parents who are confronted with the diagnosis of a fetal corpus callosum pathology. How to cite this article Merz E, Pashaj S. What is Known about Corpus Callosum Prenatally? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):163-169.

Reference Values for the Length and Area of the Fetal Corpus Callosum on 3-Dimensional Sonography Using the Transfrontal View

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Araujo Júnior ◽  
Milena Visentainer ◽  
Christiane Simioni ◽  
Rodrigo Ruano ◽  
Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Length And Area

scholarly journals Electron microscopy 3-dimensional segmentation and quantification of axonal dispersion and diameter distribution in mouse brain corpus callosum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Hsi Lee ◽  
Katarina Yaros ◽  
Jelle Veraart ◽  
Jasmine Pathan ◽  
Feng-Xia Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Diffusion Time ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Axonal Diameter

AbstractTo model the diffusion MRI signal in brain white matter, general assumptions have been made about the microstructural properties of axonal fiber bundles, such as the axonal shape and the fiber orientation dispersion. In particular, axons are modeled by perfectly circular cylinders with no diameter variation within each axon, and their directions obey a specific orientation distribution. However, these assumptions have not been validated by histology in 3-dimensional high-resolution neural tissue. Here, we reconstructed sequential scanning electron microscopy images in mouse brain corpus callosum, and introduced a semi-automatic random-walker (RaW) based algorithm to rapidly segment individual intra-axonal spaces and myelin sheaths of myelinated axons. Confirmed with a conventional machine-learning-based interactive segmentation method, our semi-automatic algorithm is reliable and less time-consuming. Based on the segmentation, we calculated histological estimates of size-related (e.g., inner axonal diameter, g-ratio) and orientation-related (e.g., Fiber orientation distribution and its rotational invariants, dispersion angle) quantities, and simulated how these quantities would be observed in actual diffusion MRI experiments by considering diffusion time-dependence. The reported dispersion angle is consistent with previous 2-dimensional histology studies and diffusion MRI measurements, though the reported diameter is larger than those in other mouse brain studies. Our results show that the orientation-related metrics have negligible diffusion time-dependence; however, inner axonal diameters demonstrate a non-trivial time-dependence at diffusion times typical for clinical and preclinical use. In other words, the fiber dispersion estimated by diffusion MRI modeling is relatively independent, while the "apparent" axonal size estimated by axonal diameter mapping potentially depends on experimental MRI settings.

Anatomic Understanding of Subtotal Hemispherotomy Using Cadaveric Brain, 3-Dimensional Simulation Models, and Intraoperative Photographs

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. E209-E218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Uda ◽  
Noritsugu Kunihiro ◽  
Saya Koh ◽  
Yoko Nakanishi ◽  
Kosuke Nakajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Dimensional Simulation

Abstract BACKGROUND When the epileptogenic foci skip the motor area, the epilepsy can be cured by surgery while preserving the motor function. This surgery has been reported as subtotal hemispherectomy. The disconnective variant of this surgery, subtotal hemispherotomy, is described. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate each step clearly, a cadaveric brain, 3-dimensional reconstruction and simulation model, and intraoperative photographs were used. METHODS A formalin-fixed cadaveric brain was dissected to show each step of this surgery. For the 3-dimensional model, several brain structures were reconstructed from preoperative images, and the surgery was simulated. Intraoperative photographs and postoperative magnetic resonance images were taken from the representative cases. RESULTS Temporo-parieto-occipital disconnection is performed to disconnect these lobes and the insula, limbic system, and splenium of the corpus callosum. The postcentral sulcus is the anterior border of the disconnection. Next, prefrontal disconnection is performed to disconnect the frontal lobe and the insula, frontal lobe and basal ganglia, and the anterior part of the corpus callosum. The precentral sulcus is the posterior border of the disconnection. Finally, corpus callosotomy of the central part is performed. After these steps, subtotal hemispherotomy, with preservation of the pre- and postcentral gyrus, is achieved. The 3-dimensional model clearly shows the anatomic relationships between deep brain structures. In the representative cases, postoperative motor deterioration was transient or none, and seizure-free status was achieved after surgery. CONCLUSION Subtotal hemispherotomy is generally difficult because of the complicated anatomy and narrow and deep surgical corridors. Combined use of these methods facilitates a clearer understanding of this surgery.

A systematic technique using 3-dimensional ultrasound provides a simple and reproducible mode to evaluate the corpus callosum

2010 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 201.e1-201.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Bornstein ◽  
Ana Monteagudo ◽  
Rosalba Santos ◽  
Sean M. Keeler ◽  
Ilan E. Timor-Tritsch
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Systematic Technique

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

Structural preservation and absolute contrast of catalase crystal sections prepared with tannic acid

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
C.W. Akey ◽  
M. Szalay ◽  
S.J. Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Beef Heart ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Screw Axis ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Structural Preservation

Three methods of obtaining 20 Å resolution in sectioned protein crystals have recently been described. They include tannic acid fixation, low temperature embedding and grid sectioning. To be useful for 3-dimensional reconstruction thin sections must possess suitable resolution, structural fidelity and a known contrast. Tannic acid fixation appears to satisfy the above criteria based on studies of crystals of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, orthorhombic beef liver catalase and beef heart F1-ATPase. In order to develop methods with general applicability, we have concentrated our efforts on a trigonal modification of catalase which routinely demonstrated a resolution of 40 Å. The catalase system is particularly useful since a comparison with the structure recently solved with x-rays will permit evaluation of the accuracy of 3-D reconstructions of sectioned crystals.Initially, we re-evaluated the packing of trigonal catalase crystals studied by Longley. Images of the (001) plane are of particular interest since they give a projection down the 31-screw axis in space group P3121. Images obtained by the method of Longley or by tannic acid fixation are negatively contrasted since control experiments with orthorhombic catalase plates yield negatively stained specimens with conditions used for the larger trigonal crystals.

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