scholarly journals Failure and water loss analysis in selected water supply systems

2014 ◽  
Vol XXXI (61 (4/14)) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Studziński ◽  
◽  
Katarzyna Pietrucha - Urbanik ◽  
Artur Mędlara
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Supply Systems

scholarly journals WATER LOSS IN SMALL SETTLEMENTS / VANDENS NUOSTOLIAI MAŽOSE GYVENVIETĖSE

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Rimeika ◽  
Anželika Jurkienė
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Supply Systems

The main performance indicators of a water supply system include the quality and safety of water, continuous work, relevant pressure and small water loss. The majority of foreign and local projects on reducing water loss have been carried out in the water supply systems of metropolitans; however, the specificity of small settlements differs from that of big cities. Differences can be observed not only in the development of infrastructure and technical indicators but also in the features of water consumption. The article presents the analysis of water loss formation and describes reduction measures in a small settlement. The conducted research defines that water loss in big cities is much smaller than that in small settlements. The major part of water used in small settlements is applied for agrarian purposes rather than for domestic needs. It has been found that water is employed for the irrigation of plants and livestock watering, which often is not accounted. Research also shows that slight (<0.2 m³/h) physical water loss (holes in the network) that occur in small settlements may compose up to 30% of all water supplied to the water network. Pagrindiniai vandens tiekimo sistemos efektyvumo rodikliai yra šie: vandens saugumas ir kokybė, nepertraukiamas darbas, tinkamas slėgis ir maži vandens nuostoliai. Absoliuti dauguma užsienio ir šalies vandens nuostolių mažinimo projektų buvo atlikta didmiesčių vandentiekiuose, tačiau mažų gyvenviečių specifika gerokai skiriasi nuo didžiųjų miestų. Skiriasi ne tik infrastruktūros lygis, techniniai rodikliai, bet ir vandens vartojimo ypatumai. Straipsnyje analizuojami vandens nuostolių susidarymas ir galimi mažinimo būdai mažose gyvenvietėse. Nustatyta, kad rajono centruose susidarantys vandens nuostoliai yra gerokai mažesni nei mažose gyvenvietėse. Didžioji dalis gyvenvietėse vartojamo vandens skirta augalams laistyti ir gyvuliams girdyti, o ne gyventojų buitiniams poreikiams tenkinti. Nustatyta, kad vanduo, naudojamas laistyti ir gyvuliams girdyti, dažnai nėra įtraukiamas į apskaitą. Nustatyta, kad mažų gyvenviečių vandentiekio tinkle susidarantys maži (<0,2 m³/h) fiziniai nuostoliai (pvz., dėl skylių tinkle), gali sudaryti daugiau nei 30 % viso į tinklą tiekiamo vandens kiekio.

Utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for decision making in water loss management of intermittent water supply systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaher H. Zyoud ◽  
Hafez Shaheen ◽  
Subhi Samhan ◽  
Ayman Rabi ◽  
Firas Al-Wadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Intermittent Water Supply ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Water Loss Management

Increasing water demands, in parallel with water scarcity, force water utilities in developing countries to follow complex operation techniques for the distribution of the available amounts of water. The reduction of water losses from water supply systems can help fill the gap between supply and demand. This strategy is characterized by the variety of options, and identification of the most appropriate option is a demanding process. An integrated multi-criteria decision making framework, precisely analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to prioritize water loss reduction options for a typical intermittent water supply network in Palestine. The AHP was applied to structure the decision problem into a hierarchy framework, and four groups of decision makers were engaged to evaluate the elements. The results show that the strategic plan, which comprises controlling and managing operational pressure, was the best option. The selection of this option was highly connected to the conditions of the case study and to the well-known advantages of this strategy to reduce losses. It is anticipated that the developed methodology will help water utilities to identify integrated water loss management plans that will guide utility managers to conduct better control for water losses.

scholarly journals Development of methodology for evaluation and real water loss reduction in water supply systems in transition countries

Tehnika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Goran Orasanin ◽  
Dragana Ristic ◽  
Dalibor Vlaski ◽  
Branko Vucijak
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Supply Systems

Reduction of Apparent Water Losses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Rimeika ◽  
Ramunė Albrektienė
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Supply Systems

The water loss levels are very different between European countries as water loss varies from 7% to 50%. According to data from the Lithuanian Water Supply Association, in 2015 about 124 mln. m³ of ground water was supplied to the network, but only 94 mln. m³ of it was sold, while the remaining share represented water losses – 30 mln. m³ per year. An average water loss level in Lithuania is 24%, varying from 52% to 17%. Local water utilities take a little care of apparent water losses. This article deals with an investigation of apparent losses in Alytus and other cities in Lithuania. The reduction of apparent water losses is quite a different field as it does not require large additional investments and can produce quick and efficient results. Article presents the results on the ways for reduction of apparent water losses in Lithuanian water supply systems. The aim of research is to show that apparent water losses consist of considerable share of water losses and to prove that inconsiderable efforts can significantly cut down water losses and improve the utilities’ financial situation. Article present findings of night water consumption, used for DMA allowed minimum water calculation. Analysing water consumption data in blockhouses the minimum night water volume was determined (0.9 l/h/flat).

ELECTRICITY LOAD PREDICTION FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458
Author(s):  
Mihai Gavrilas ◽  
Gilda Gavrilas ◽  
Ovidiu Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Load Prediction ◽  
Electricity Load ◽  
Supply Systems

LAVIN NDZ-S BRONZE

Alloy Digest ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Copper Base ◽  
Valve Stem ◽  
Copper Base Alloy ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract LAVIN NDZ-S BRONZE is a copper-base alloy recommended as a high-strength dezincification and dealuminization resistant valve stem material in water supply systems. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting and machining. Filing Code: Cu-151. Producer or source: R. Lavin & Sons Inc..

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