scholarly journals Employability Skills of Unaccompanied Immigrant Minors in Canary Islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Alonso-Bello ◽  
Lidia E. Santana-Vega ◽  
Luis Feliciano-García
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Transition Plans ◽  
Employment Skills ◽  
Residential Care Institutions ◽  
Age Of Majority ◽  
Young Immigrants

Young unaccompanied immigrants have various problems in their professional careers which lead to situations of exclusion and hinder their emancipation. The development and consolidation of employment skills is a necessary condition for the labour integration of this group. This research analyzes the employability skills of unaccompanied young immigrants who must leave the public social protection system when they reach the age of majority. A multiple case study was conducted. The cases were selected: 1) having been in residential care institutions, 2) having been in a job placement program, and 3) are 16-18 years of age. The study data were collected using qualitative and quantitative techniques. Results show that young immigrants have: a) language and socio-emotional difficulties that limit their chances of employability; b) some employability skills that facilitate labour insertion, and c) families which act as a powerful motivator for achieving their goals. We discuss the need to design individual transition plans to help young immigrants overcome their limitations, cope with the transition to adulthood and consolidate their career paths.

Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Promising Practices ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Substitute Care ◽  
Age Of Majority ◽  
Theory Research

Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood: International Contributions to Theory, Research, and Practice advances the current literature on the situation of young people growing up in substitute care who age out at the age of majority. In most parts of the world, these emerging adults are left to navigate the transition to adulthood with minimal support. This volume seeks to advance the literature in order to support better policies and services by providing an overview of relevant theoretical frameworks, the newest international research, and contributions to promising practices. Major themes are the elaboration of developmentally appropriate approaches to intervention and advocacy for the optimal conditions for the provision of extended services well into emerging adulthood and beyond.

scholarly journals Physical activity from adolescence to young adulthood: patterns of change, and their associations with activity domains and sedentary time

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Aira ◽  
Tommi Vasankari ◽  
Olli Juhani Heinonen ◽  
Raija Korpelainen ◽  
Jimi Kotkajuuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Observational Cohort

Abstract Background Longitudinal studies demonstrate an average decline in physical activity (PA) from adolescence to young adulthood. However, while some subgroups of adolescents decrease activity, others increase or maintain high or low activity. Activity domains may differ between subgroups (exhibiting different PA patterns), and they offer valuable information for targeted health promotion. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify PA patterns from adolescence to young adulthood; also to explore the associations of (i) changes in PA domains and in sedentary time, (ii) sociodemographic factors, and (iii) self-rated health with diverging PA patterns. Methods The observational cohort study data encompassed 254 adolescents at age 15 and age 19. K-means cluster analysis for longitudinal data was performed to identify participant clusters (patterns) based on their accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Logistic regressions were applied in further analysis. Results Five PA patterns were identified: inactivity maintainers (n = 71), activity maintainers (n = 70), decreasers from moderate (to low) PA (n = 61), decreasers from high (to moderate) PA (n = 32), and increasers (n = 20). At age 15, participation in sports clubs (SC, 41–97%) and active commuting (AC, 47–75%) was common in all the patterns. By age 19, clear dropout from these activities was prevalent (SC participation mean 32%, AC 31–63%). Inactivity maintainers reported the lowest amount of weekly school physical education. Dropout from SC – in contrast to non-participation in SC – was associated with higher odds of being a decreaser from high PA, and with lower odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Maintained SC participation was associated with higher odds of belonging to the decreasers from high PA, and to the combined group of activity maintainers and increasers; also with lower odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Maintenance/adoption of AC was associated with decreased odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Self-reported health at age 19 was associated with the patterns of maintained activity and inactivity. Conclusions PA patterns diverge over the transition to adulthood. Changes in SC participation and AC show different associations with diverging PA patterns. Hence, tailored PA promotion is recommended.

scholarly journals All My Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Mélanie Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Youth In Care ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Age Of Majority ◽  
Supportive Community

Objective: Provincial and territorial legislation across Canada mandates child welfare agencies to release youth from their care at the age of majority. Consequently, youth exiting care tend to have limited support networks, mostly comprised of formal and short-term connections. There is a gap in research examining long-term supportive relationships from the perspectives of youth who have 'aged out' of care. Methods: This PAR photovoice project involved 8 former youth in care ages 19 to 29 in Vancouver, B.C. over the course of 12 weeks, and entailed collaborative thematic analysis of the photographs. The lead researcher executed additional analysis following the data collection phase. Results: Relationships to culture, spirituality and the land were identified as important by racialized and Indigenous youth. Animal companions also emerged as an important non-human connection. Key barriers included a lack of culturally matched foster placements and social workers, gentrification, housing restrictions and a narrow definition of family relationships. Key strengthening factors included supportive community organizations and culturally responsive workers. Conclusion and Implications: Findings highlight the importance of including the relationships that matter to youth in care within child welfare decision-making and planning processes, and a need for systemic investment in long-term nurturing of those relationships. Connections that are outside of the traditional social capital framework for young people in care, such as non-human relationships, also need to be valued. By doing so, youth exiting care have a better chance at accumulating social capital and building a support network they can rely on during their transition to adulthood.

scholarly journals Scientific Approaches to Identifying Vulnerabilities and Separation Vulnerable Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1 (339)) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Olha Maltseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Social Security Reforms ◽  
Definition Of

The article, based on the analysis of scientific sources and legal documents, summarizes the common modern scientific approaches to the definition of «vulnerability» and the identification of vulnerable groups. It is established that, depending on the field of scientific research, scientists have different approaches to defining the concept of vulnerability and the mechanisms of falling of individuals or groups of people into the category of vulnerable. Thus, for lawyers, vulnerability means the possibility of violating the rights of a certain category of people, for economists – getting into a situation where a person is limited in access to economic resources, which does not allow him to meet the «minimum level of quality of life». From the point of view of sociologists, vulnerability is inherent in individuals or groups that have certain socio-demographic characteristics or social status. For social workers, a sign of vulnerability is the presence of a difficult life situation. However, despite the diversity of scientific approaches to determining vulnerability, prevention of this phenomenon largely depends on the strategy and tactics of state regulation, on determining the priorities and directions of social policy adequate to the situation in our country, aimed at ensuring social protection and social security. Reforms, which are a necessary condition for stabilizing the development of society, should be aimed at increasing the level of social support, based on the needs (taking into account the income of recipients) and targeting (depending on social risks) in providing this support.

scholarly journals Role Perception of Occupational Therapists in Education Systems: Self-Efficacy and Employability Skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yael Fogel ◽  
Liron Lamash
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
Role Perception ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Employment Skills

Although the main framework for occupational therapy includes delivery of services in educational institutions with students with disabilities, little is known about how the occupational therapists perceive their role in this specific system. This research examines an integrated conceptual model wherein self-efficacy explains the occupational therapists’ role perception with employability skills as a mediator. Participants, 147 occupational therapists working in educational systems, completed an online demographic questionnaire, the Perception Questionnaire for Occupational Therapists in the Education System, General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and Employability Key Questionnaire. The proposed model was analyzed by the structural equation model (SEM) using AMOS software. The SEM provided excellent goodness of fit indices, χ 2 24 = 40.49 ; p = .019 ; NFI = .93 ; CFI = .97 ; RMSEA = .07 ; SRMR = .05 , and explained 40% of the variance in role perception. These findings highlight employability skills as the primary contributor that affects occupational therapists’ role perception. Self-efficacy and employment skills influence how occupational therapists working in education systems perceive their roles; thus, employment skills should be included in professional training and development courses. This study has implications for occupational therapists working on the education system to understand the meaningful effects of employability skills as critical to developing and improving their role perception.

scholarly journals Work and study: exploring the social actions of undergraduates on a Social Protection Scheme in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Esmeranda Manful ◽  
Michael Atakora
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Income Families

Abstract In recent years with the various austerity measures put in place by governments, the main providers of welfare, funding of social protection programmes have shrunk. Yet, protecting the less fortunate has never been the preserve of the State; families, communities and civil societies had always contributed in the provisions. One of such contributors are universities, though their core mandate is to educate but in addition many universities have established schemes and scholarships to ensure access to tertiary education for students from low income families. However, as in many social interventions, including Ghana’s, there is a gap between policy intent and practice, but often the focus is on the implementors not the beneficiaries. This paper therefore presents findings from a qualitative study exploring the perceptions of participating students in the ‘work and study’ programme in KNUST using the Social Action theory to unveil the reasons underpinning actions of students who have to work. A case study research design was adopted for this study using a qualitative approach with in-depth interviewing as the method of data collection. Fifteen undergraduates, volunteered to participate in the study. Data collected were qualitatively analysed using the NVivo software. Findings from the study revealed that students had multiple reasons for joining the scheme and it was not based on the sole rational motive of earning an income. The study provides an analytical insight that predicts the behaviours of beneficiaries of social protection initiatives.

scholarly journals SOCIAL COSTS AS AN INDICATOR OF STABLE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Yefremenko ◽  
Yulia Malashenko ◽  
Yulia Zavoloka
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Entities

The scientific article identifies the important role and importance of social processes and needs for the effective conduct of economic activity by economic entities. The main theories and approaches to assess the effectiveness of social spending are studied. The relevance and advantages of using integrated reporting in solving problems of information support of enterprise management on the systematization and generalization of social costs and benefits are substantiated. The authors of the article study the basic theories and approaches to the formation, development and management of social processes of the enterprise. It is also determined that business entities within their activities should bear significant responsibility for the social protection of their own staff. In addition, we believe that the problems of formation, accounting and effective management of social spending need more substantial research today due to the situation due to the spread of COVID-19, which in turn involves the implementation of additional costs of economic entities, aimed at organizing of staff work. The main issuer of the study is to determine the need and justification of the relationship of social protection of workers with the amount of social costs incurred by economic entities. Within the limits of the given problem the essence of categories of social protection and social expenses is analyzed. The authors proved that the problem of formation of social costs is closely related to such an important factor in the effective functioning of the enterprise as the social protection of its staff. It is noted that this factor is a necessary condition for a functionally developed state, because each business entity has a significant responsibility for the organization and implementation of state and own social programs. In accordance with the international experience of implementing a quality management system by economic entities, the feasibility of developing and using regulatory quality standards is analyzed, in particular, the procedure governing the organization of social protection of enterprise personnel is considered in detail. As a result of the analysis of existing approaches to the formation of the information field on social activities, as well as social costs of economic entities, it was concluded that the importance of integrated reporting, which in addition to providing information on the financial condition of the enterprise, will summarize decisions and identifying strategic aspects of development.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE MODELS OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Петро Перерва ◽  
Яна Максименко ◽  
Катерина Сокол ◽  
Світлана Климова
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Personnel Management ◽  
International Business ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Market Management ◽  
Capacity Structure

Assessing and forecasting employment in international business are important tools for state regulation of the international labor market, and rethinking their role is a necessary condition for overcoming the effects of the global economic crisis. Employment forecasting should be a priority in finding new ways to form an effective international labor market.The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for studying the factors that determine the capacity, structure and segments of the international labor market.The article considers the issues of identifying and substantiating the factors that determine the capacity, structure and main segments of the labor market in international business. The proposed models of personnel management in international business include a number of successive stages, the algorithm of which allows to obtain sufficiently reasonable results.Analysis of the dynamics of factors over a number of years or several models over a period of time [1-3] allows to establish the basic patterns inherent in the analyzed international market to justify trends in its development and develop a forecast for the future. It is important to identify those factors whose influence will be dominant for this labor market. The effectiveness of international labor market management depends crucially on measures to influence the latter. Based on the results of the analysis, it is advisable to establish the goals of employment promotion policy for the near future, to rank priorities in the implementation of measures to promote employment and social protection in the international labor market.

scholarly journals Growth in Pakistan: Inclusive or Not?

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zunia Saif Tirmazee ◽  
Maryiam Haroon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
The Rich

Cross country evidences reveal that Asian countries have experienced rapid growth over the last two decades. The increase in growth is accompanied with reduction in poverty from 1990 to 2001 as the number of individuals living below the poverty line has decreased over the time period [ADB (2006)]. Growth is considered to be a necessary condition for reduction in poverty but growth does not necessarily imply that it will lead to improvement in living standards of every one. Growth does benefit and improve standards of living but it may lead to increase in inequality if it leads to increase in benefits for few section of the society only. This has been witnessed in China as economic growth benefited all segments of the society, it lead to improvement in living standards for all, but the improvement benefited the rich more as compared to the poor. The same situation persists in India as well. In contrast, countries like Brazil, Mexico, and Thailand have different scenario where there is increase in economic growth and this increase is also accompanied with improvement in equity [Anand, et al. (2013)]. Pakistan historically has seen episodes of high growth but those unfortunately were not coupled with such macroeconomic conditions as are required to achieve lower poverty levels. Therefore, Pakistan has always been facing the challenge of achieving rather more inclusive growth that could benefit all classes of society. The provision of basic services such as education, health, sanitation, and housing for all the segments of population, and social security schemes to ensure social protection are critical for long run reductions in poverty

The Infancy of Solar-Type Stars and its Relevance for the Origin of Life

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Montmerle
Keyword(s):  
Main Sequence ◽  
Solar Nebula ◽  
Circumstellar Disks ◽  
T Tauri Stars ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sequence Evolution ◽  
T Tauri ◽  
Solar Type ◽  
Optical Domain ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractFor life to develop, planets are a necessary condition. Likewise, for planets to form, stars must be surrounded by circumstellar disks, at least some time during their pre-main sequence evolution. Much progress has been made recently in the study of young solar-like stars. In the optical domain, these stars are known as «T Tauri stars». A significant number show IR excess, and other phenomena indirectly suggesting the presence of circumstellar disks. The current wisdom is that there is an evolutionary sequence from protostars to T Tauri stars. This sequence is characterized by the initial presence of disks, with lifetimes ~ 1-10 Myr after the intial collapse of a dense envelope having given birth to a star. While they are present, about 30% of the disks have masses larger than the minimum solar nebula. Their disappearance may correspond to the growth of dust grains, followed by planetesimal and planet formation, but this is not yet demonstrated.

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