scholarly journals Effect of Immunosuppressive Diseases and Rituximab Infusions on Allowing COVID-19 Infection to Relapse

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Diseases

Hopf bifurcation for a discontinuous HTLV-1 model

Filomat ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (20) ◽  
pp. 6247-6267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Shamsara ◽  
Zahra Afsharnezhad ◽  
Reihaneh Mostolizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Discontinuous System ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Immunosuppressive Diseases

Developing accurate mathematical models for host immune response in immunosuppressive diseases such as HIV and HTLV-1 are essential to achieve an optimal drug therapy regime. Since for HTLV-1 specific CTL response typically occurs after a time lag, we consider a discontinuous response function to better describe this lagged response during the early stage of the infectious, thus the system of HTLV-1 model will be a discontinuous system. For analyzing the dynamic of the system we use Filippov theory and find conditions in which the Filippov system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation. The Hopf bifurcation help us to find stable and unstable periodic oscillations and can be used to predict whether the CTL response can return to a steady state condition. Also, Hopf bifurcation in sliding mode is investigated. In this case the solutions will remain in the hyper-surface of discontinuity and as a consequence the disease cannot progress, at least for a long time. Finally we use numerical simulations to demonstrate the results by example.

scholarly journals The Roles of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in Avian Response to Viral Infection and Pathogenesis of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyi Zhou ◽  
Shijun J. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Avian Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Diseases ◽  
And Control

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of various biological processes including cell development and differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, immunoregulation and viral infections. Avian immunosuppressive diseases refer to those avian diseases caused by pathogens that target and damage the immune organs or cells of the host, increasing susceptibility to other microbial infections and the risk of failure in subsequent vaccination against other diseases. As such, once a disease with an immunosuppressive feature occurs in flocks, it would be difficult for the stakeholders to have an optimal economic income. Infectious bursal disease (IBD), avian leukemia (AL), Marek’s disease (MD), chicken infectious anemia (CIA), reticuloendotheliosis (RE) and avian reovirus infection are on the top list of commonly-seen avian diseases with a feature of immunosuppression, posing an unmeasurable threat to the poultry industry across the globe. Understanding the pathogenesis of avian immunosuppressive disease is the basis for disease prevention and control. miRNAs have been shown to be involved in host response to pathogenic infections in chickens, including regulation of immunity, tumorigenesis, cell proliferation and viral replication. Here we summarize current knowledge on the roles of miRNAs in avian response to viral infection and pathogenesis of avian immunosuppressive diseases, in particular, MD, AL, IBD and RE.

scholarly journals Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases and Immunoevasion

2014 ◽  
pp. 275-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel A. Schat ◽  
Michael A. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Diseases

scholarly journals Fatores de risco adicionais à Escala de Braden: um risco para úlceras de pressão

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
Marisa Hans ◽  
Júlia Valéria De Oliveira Vargas Bitencourt ◽  
Flaviana Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Madre De Dios ◽  
Braden Scale ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Immunosuppressive Diseases

Estudo quantitativo que tem por objetivo analisar a presença de fatores de risco de úlceras de pressão (UPs), adicionais à Braden, com 134 clientes internados no CTI do Hospital Mãe de Deus, em maio/ junho de 2010 com aprovação dos comitês institucionais: 39/2010; 353/10. Realizou-se coleta de informações do prontuário dos clientes, com instrumento estruturado. Dos 134 clientes, 43 desenvolveram UP, com fator de risco adicional à Braden: infecção, sepse, corticoides, noradrenalina, ventilação mecânica, edema, diabetes mellitus, insuficiência respiratória aguda, doenças inflamatórias, respectivamente com um p <0,001 e neoplasias e doenças imunossupressoras com p <0,05, assim, com significância estatística. Entretanto, sem possibilidade de comparação significativa, considerando o reduzido quantitativo de estudos, tratando da problemática. Portanto, na avaliação do risco das UPs devem ser agregados outros fatores, visando a otimização das medidas de prevenção e qualificação assistencial, além de haver mais estudos permitindo a comparação.Descritores: Úlcera de Pressão, Escala de Braden, Prevenção.Additional risk factors related to Braden Scale: a risk for pressure ulcersThis is a quantitative study that aims to analyze the presence of risk factors for pressure ulcers (UPs), in addition to Braden, with 134 clients admitted to the ICU of the Mother of God Hospital in May / June 2010 with the approval of institutional committees: 39 / 2010, 353/10. We carried out data collection from medical records of clients with structured instrument. Of the 134 clients, 43 developed UP, with the additional risk factor Braden: infection, sepsis, corticosteroids, noradrenaline, mechanical ventilation, edema, diabetes mellitus, acute respiratory failure, inflammatory diseases, respectively with p <0.001 and immunosuppressive diseases and cancers p <0.05, thus statistically significant. However, without the possibility of meaningful comparison, considering the small quantity of studies, dealing with the problem. Therefore, the risk assessment of UPs must be added other factors in optimizing the prevention and care skills, and be more studies allowing the comparison.Descriptors: Pressure Ulcers, Braden Scale, Prevention.Factores de riesgo adicionales a la escala Braden: un riesgo para las úlceras por presiónSe trata de um estudio cuantitativo que tiene por objectivo analizar la presencia de factores de riesgo de úlceras por presión (UP), además de Braden, con 134 pacientes admitidos a la UCI del Hospital de la Madre de Dios en mayo / junio de 2010 con la aprobación de los comités institucionales: 39 / 2010, 353/10. Se llevó a cabo la recopilación de datos de los registros médicos de los clientes con instrumentos estructurados. De los 134 clientes, 43 desarrollaron UP, con la Braden factores de riesgo adicionales: infección, sepsis, los corticosteroides, la noradrenalina, la ventilación mecánica, edema, diabetes mellitus, insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, enfermedades inflamatorias, respectivamente, con p enfermedades <0,001 e inmunosupresores y cánceres p <0,05, por lo tanto estadísticamente significativa. Sin embargo, sin la posibilidad de comparación significativa, considerando la pequeña cantidad de estudios, para tratar el problema. Por lo tanto, la evaluación del riesgo de UPS hay que añadir otros factores en la optimización de la prevención y técnicas de atención y ser más estudios que permitan la comparación.Descriptores: Las úlceras por Presión, Escala de Braden, La Prevención.

A Study on the Incidence of Postoperative Infections and Surgical Sepsis in a University Hospital

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Ortona ◽  
Giovanni Federico ◽  
Massimo Fantoni ◽  
Federico Pallavicini ◽  
Francesco Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Hospital ◽  
Average Hospital Stay ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Postoperative Infections ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Surgical Infection ◽  
Surgical Infections ◽  
Immunosuppressive Diseases ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
The University

AbstractReported are the results of a study on the incidence of nosocomial surgical infections in ten wards of the university hospital A. Gemelli, Rome. One thousand, five hundred five patients were studied and the overall incidence of surgical infections was 8.7%. Factors that influenced infection rates included age, immunosuppressive diseases, and immunosuppressive therapy. We assessed the inutility of antibiotic prophylaxis in clean operations and its usefulness in clean operations with insertion of prostheses or other devices. The importance of the duration of preoperative hospitalization and of the length of the operation were also noted. The most frequent etiological agents proved to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The average hospital stay for patients with surgical infection was more than double that of patients with no infection (25.7 days v 11.7 days).

scholarly journals Infections after reconstructions of anterior cruciate ligament

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ristic ◽  
Mirsad Maljanovic ◽  
Vladimir Harhaji ◽  
Miroslav Milankov
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Limited Range Of Motion ◽  
Tendon Grafts ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Immunosuppressive Diseases ◽  
Bone Tunnels

Introduction. Infections after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions are rare, but, on the other hand, they are difficult to be treated. The aim of this study was to analyze causes of infections, risk factors, diagnostics, and possibilities of their prevention. Material and Methods. Seventeen deep infections (1.2%) were found in 1425 patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Fifteen patients were males and two were females. Out of 475 professional athletes nine (1.9%) had this postoperative complication. Eleven patients with septic arthritis were allergic to penicillin. Three of them had immunosuppressive diseases. Results. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in eleven cases (65%), other Staphylococcus and Streptococcus groups were found in four and three patients, respectively; while one patient had infection although the punctate was negative. Out of 965 patients with the patellar tendon grafts, ten (1.03%) had this complication, while the incidence was 1.52% (7/460) in those with the hamstring grafts. Fifteen infections were acute with obvious symptoms within 14 days after surgery. Severe pain, limited range of motion, swelling of the knee joint and fever were the most common symptoms, while rubor and pus developed rarely. The infection was three times more frequent in the patients who had undergone surgery lasting more than 1.5 hour. Discussion and Conclusion. The following population groups are at risk of developing septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions: professional athletes, those who are allergic to penicillin, and those with immunosuppressive diseases. Staphyllococus aureus is the most common cause of infection. The patients with the hamstring autografts have a higher risk than those with the patellar tendon grafts. Preventive measures that should be performed include aseptic conditions in operative rooms, irrigation of the graft before its placement into the bone tunnels, experience of surgeon and proper antibiotics.

scholarly journals Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Hong Kong: a 10 year retrospective study

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hui ◽  
W. T. Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Immunosuppressive Diseases ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

A retrospective review was performed of patients diagnosed with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) from 1994 to 2003 at the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong. Eighteen patients were identified. Six (33·3 %) were co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The remaining 12 non-HIV-infected patients had underlying diseases: three post-renal transplant recipients, three with haematological malignancies, two with auto-immune diseases, two with renal diseases, one with hepatocellular carcinoma and one with congenital cytomegalovirus disease. Cytomegalovirus co-infection was observed in four patients. All patients received cotrimoxazole therapy, with intolerance observed in four of them, including one with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, two with repeated vomiting and one with renal impairment. Overall crude mortality was 33·3 %. The results suggested that, apart from being a common infection for patients with HIV infection, PCP can occur during the course of many immunosuppressive diseases and therapies. The mortality of PCP was high despite appropriate treatment. Chemoprophylaxis should be considered in populations at risk.

scholarly journals Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm: A Comparative Study on Post-Vaccination Antibody Titers

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Rami Alqassieh ◽  
Aiman Suleiman ◽  
Sami Abu-Halaweh ◽  
Abeer Santarisi ◽  
Omar Shatnawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immunosuppressive Diseases

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccines induce immunity through different mechanisms. The aim of this study is to compare the titers of specific antibodies in subjects vaccinated with either the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine or the Sinopharm vaccine. This prospective observational cohort included Jordanian adults vaccinated with two doses, 21 days apart, of either of the two aforementioned vaccines. Titers were collected 6 weeks after the administration of the second dose. Overall, 288 participants were included, of which 141 were administered the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, while 147 were administered the Sinopharm vaccine. Remarkably, 140 (99.3%) of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine recipients had positive IgG titers, while 126 (85.7%) of Sinopharm recipients had positive IgG (p < 0.001). The mean titer for IgG among Pfizer-BioNTech recipients was 515.5 ± 1143.5 BAU/mL, compared to 170.0 ± 230.0 BAU/mL among Sinopharm subjects (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine positively correlated with positive IgG titers (OR: 25.25; 95% CI: 3.25–196.15; p = 0.002), compared with a negative effect of cardiovascular diseases (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.11–0.99; p = 0.48) on IgG titers. In conclusion, fully vaccinated recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had superior quantitative efficiency compared to Sinopharm recipients. A booster dose is supported for Sinopharm recipients, or those with chronic immunosuppressive diseases.

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