scholarly journals Afatinib-Associated Cutaneous Toxicity: A Correlation of Severe Skin Reaction with Dramatic Tumor Response in a Woman with Exon 19 Deletion Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Cureus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay P Osborn ◽  
Philip R Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cutaneous Toxicity ◽  
Exon 19 Deletion ◽  
Severe Skin Reaction ◽  
Exon 19

scholarly journals Histological transformation of lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer with mutant C797S conferring acquired resistance to osimertinib

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052092791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Ren ◽  
Xinfeng Cai ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Jianfei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
T790m Mutation ◽  
Exon 19 Deletion ◽  
Exon 19

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene-mutated non-small cell lung cancer may initially respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but may subsequently become resistant; however, the resistance mechanisms remain unclear. We report a rare case of acquired resistance to osimertinib associated with transformation to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with cis-C797S mutation. A man with recurrent lung adenocarcinoma harboring an EGFR exon 19 deletion received erlotinib for 10 months following curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, he switched to osimertinib after repeat biopsy showed EGFR exon 19 deletion and T790M mutation leading to erlotinib resistance. His disease progressed after 15 months and repeat biopsy showed SCLC. Next-generation sequencing of peripheral blood detected EGFR exon 19 deletion, T790M mutation, cis-C797S mutation, and RB1 inactivation. The tumor was reduced after four cycles of etoposide and cisplatin and his respiratory symptoms improved. However, computed tomography after six cycles of chemotherapy showed multiple bilateral lung lesions, and single-photon emission computed tomography showed bone metastasis. The patient received paclitaxel plus cisplatin for two cycles with partial response. Because heterogeneous genetic and phenotypic mechanisms of TKI-resistance may occur at different times and locations, histopathological and molecular testing both provide evidence to support appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals The impact of EGFR exon 19 deletion subtypes on clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1158
Author(s):  
Chao Zhao ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Chunxia Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Exon 19 Deletion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exon 19

Survival benefit of gefitinib treated non-small-cell lung cancer patients with exon 19 deletion mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), detected by a new sensitive PCR-based method

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10614-10614
Author(s):  
E. Nakajima ◽  
M. Sugita ◽  
R. Dziadziuszko ◽  
M. Tsuboi ◽  
H. Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Deletion Mutations ◽  
Exon 19 Deletion ◽  
Exon 19

10614 Background: As for two common types of EGFR mutations, patients with exon 19 deletion mutations have longer survival than those with the L858R point mutations in exon 21 after treatment with EGFR inhibitors. We have developed a simple, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method to detect exon 19 deletion mutations, and evaluated survival benefit of gefitinib treated patients with exon 19 deletion mutations versus patients without these mutations. Patients and methods: Tumor tissue was microdissected under stereoscopic microscopy from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, and DNA was extracted from tumor cells with DNeasy (Qiagen). Our method consisted of two different semi-nested PCRs with the deletion screening PCR and the common deletion specific PCR. All of the known deletions present in cell lines were detected by this method without direct sequencing. The result was validated by sequencing of exon 19. 73 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Japanese patients treated with gefitinib were analyzed with this method. Study group consisted of 28 females (38%), 29 never smokers (40%) and 57 patients with adenocarcinoma (78%). Results: The PCR-based method detected mutations at mutant to wild type DNA copy ratio of 1/600, and in samples as small as 30 ng of purified DNA. Exon 19 deletion mutations were found in 25 (34%) patients. This method was more sensitive than conventional sequencing. The sequencing was performed in 19 patients with mutations and could not detect 3 deletions. Among 60 assessable patients 14 had overall response (23%). Objective response rates to gefitinib were observed in 7/21 patients with exon 19 deletion mutations (33%), and 7/39 patients without exon 19 deletion mutations (17%) (P = .211). Patients with exon 19 deletion mutations survived significantly longer than those without exon 19 deletion mutations (P = .017). Conclusions: The PCR-based method to detect exon 19 deletion mutations is cost effective and very sensitive, compared to previously described methods. We demonstrated survival benefit in NSCLC patients with exon 19 deletion mutations treated with gefitinib, and our PCR-based method is easily applicable for clinical use. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Complete Resolution of Sellar Metastasis in a Patient With NSCLC Treated With Osimertinib

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1887-1891
Author(s):  
WuQiang Fan ◽  
Jason Sloane ◽  
Lisa B Nachtigall
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Deletion Mutation ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Exon 19 Deletion ◽  
Exon 19

Abstract Non–small cell lung cancer with pituitary metastasis (NSCLC-PM) is a devastating disease; however, treatment is being revolutionized by a novel therapy targeting highly specific tumor signals, such as the mutation of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs). Long-term management of hormonal defects in this population has become a unique neuroendocrine clinical challenge. We report the case of a 73-year-old female nonsmoker who was diagnosed with stage IV non–small cell lung cancer. The initial staging evaluation revealed a 7 × 11 × 21-mm sellar lesion abutting the optic chiasm and causing clinical hypopituitarism. The patient received three cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin and pemetrexed, which was discontinued because of major cumulative side effects of myelosuppression and kidney disease. Eight months later, scans demonstrated evidence of disease progression. A repeated lung nodule biopsy revealed an EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation. EGFR-targeted therapy with osimertinib 80 mg daily was initiated. A complete resolution of the pituitary lesion was evident on a follow-up pituitary MRI 5 weeks later and was sustained 1 year after. However, the panhypopituitarism persisted. This is an illustrative case of NSCLC-PM with EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation, wherein osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR‒tyrosine kinase inhibitor, eradicated the sellar metastasis and prevented the need for radiotherapy. However, the neuroendocrine deficits persisted despite anatomic improvement.

Genomic and immunologic characterization of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8535-8535
Author(s):  
Chul Kim ◽  
Julie Elaine McGrath ◽  
Joanne Xiu ◽  
Misako Nagasaka ◽  
Patrick C. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Exon 19 Deletion ◽  
Exon 19

8535 Background: Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare type of lung cancer with a poor prognosis. Due to its rarity, molecular characterization of LCNEC is not well elucidated. We aim to understand the genomic and immunologic landscape of LCNEC to identify molecular alterations and relevant biological pathways with potential therapeutic value. Methods: Comprehensive profiling including whole exome sequencing (WES), next-generation sequencing (NGS), whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PD-L1 was performed (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was calculated based on somatic nonsynonymous mutations. LCNEC was categorized as small cell lung cancer (SCLC)-like LCNEC ( TP53/ RB1 co-mutated) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-like LCNEC (wild type for one or both of TP53/ RB1). Molecular features of LCNEC were compared among the subgroups and with those of SCLC using the χ2 test with Benjamini & Hochberg correction. Results: A total of 467 cases of LCNEC were included. Commonly altered genes (≥ 5%) included TP53 (79.1%), RB1 (36.8%), SMARCA4 (10.4%), ARID1A (10.3%), KRAS (9.7%), KEAP1 (9.2%), KMT2D (8.7%), STK11 (8.4%), NF1 (7.1%), PTEN (6.1%), and CDKN2A (5.9%) . The prevalence of potentially actionable mutations was as follows: EGFR exon 19 deletion (0.48%), EGFR L858R (0.48%), ALK fusion (1.7%), KRAS G12C (2.9%). EGFR exon 19 deletion, EGFR L858R, and ALK fusion were exclusive to NSCLC-like LCNEC tumors. RET fusion, NTRK fusion and BRAFV600E were not detected. Copy number alterations (CNAs) were found in MYC (8.8%), ZNF703 (4.1%), FOXA1 (4.0%), FGFR1 (4.0%), ATK2 (3.9%), CCNE1 (3.7%), FGF19 (3.4%), TNFRSF14 (3.4%), and CCND1 (2.7%). Over-expression of cMET was noted in 10% and PD-L1 expression (by 22C3 pharmDx) of > 1% was noted in 21.5% of samples. WTS detected cMET exon 14 skipping mutations in 2.4% of samples. High tumor mutation burden (TMB; ≥ 10 Mut/MB) was seen in 40.6%. Among the 467 cases of LCNEC, 112 (24%) were SCLC-like LCNEC and 335 (76%) NSCLC-like LCNEC. Mutations in KRAS (12%), STK11 (11%), CDKN2A (9%), and SMARCA4 (14%) were more common in NSCLC-like LCNEC, compared with SCLC-like LCNEC (p value < 0.05). 442 cases of SCLC were compared with LCNEC tumors. SLFN11:SLFN12 fusion events, detected by WTS, were exclusively seen in SCLC and were not seen in any of the LCNEC cases. Gene expression profiles revealed that 1) B cell infiltration was higher in SCLC-like LCNEC, compared with SCLC, and 2) NK and T cell infiltration was lower, but B-cell infiltration was higher in NSCLC-like LCNEC, compared with SCLC. Conclusions: LCNEC displays a broad pattern of genomic alterations that overlap in the SCLC-like subset with the classic alterations in SCLC. The distinct genomic alterations and transcriptomic profiles present opportunities for therapeutic targeting and inform a future framework for development of therapeutics for LCNEC.

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