scholarly journals Frequency and Associated Factors of Parental Refusal to Perform Lumbar Puncture in Children with Suspected Central Nervous System Infection: A Cross-sectional Study

Cureus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Ahmed ◽  
Muzamil S Ejaz ◽  
Ashraf Jahangeer ◽  
Sumaiya Khan ◽  
Syeda Shaheera Riaz Hashmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Refusal

A Survey on Leading Indications of Fetomaternal Therapeutic Abortions in Yazd: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Asadollahi ◽  
Mahta Mazaheri ◽  
Razieh Sadat Tabatabaee ◽  
Sahel Khajehnoori ◽  
Mahmood Noorishadkam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Therapeutic Abortion ◽  
Chromosomal Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Congenital abnormalities are diseases that occur during fertilization of the egg or development of the fetus and lead to disability, illness or mortality. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the factors associated with fetomaternal abnormalities in therapeutic abortions.                                                                                       Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 391 mothers referred to Yazd legal medicine organization for pregnancy termination from March 2017 to March 2020. The data about their fetuses were extracted and recorded. Results:The most common fetal abnormalities observed in this study were central nervous system abnormalities (21.1%), subsequently chromosomal disorders (16.8%), hydropsfetalis, cystic hygroma (15.9%), syndromic disorders (10.1%), single-gene disorders (8.1%), dysmorphology (8.1%), musculoskeletal disorders (7.8%), and cardiovascular disorders (7.2%). Conclusion: The main maternal causes for therapeutic abortion were cardiovascular disease, kidney diseases and cancers, while the most common fetal disorders leading to therapeutic abortion were central nervous system disorders such as anencephaly.

scholarly journals Changes in medical use of central nervous system stimulants among US adults, 2013 and 2018: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e048528
Author(s):  
Thomas J Moore ◽  
Phillip W Wirtz ◽  
Stefan P Kruszewski ◽  
G Caleb Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Cns Stimulants

ObjectiveTo assess the 5-year changes in the adult medical use of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants with higher risk of dependence and evaluate the population characteristics of users and their medical and/or neurological conditions.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAnnual US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a stratified random sample of approximately 30 000 persons designed to produce national population estimates. It focuses on reported medical spending, medical services used, health status and prescription medications.ParticipantsAdults age 19 years and older who reported obtaining one or more prescriptions for amphetamine or methylphenidate products during two survey years, 2013 and 2018.Main outcomes measuresPrescriptions obtained, the specific stimulant product and annual treatment days of drug supplied.ResultsIn 2018, an estimated 4.1 million US adults (95% CI 3.4 million to 4.8 million) reported prescriptions for CNS stimulants, having filled a mean of 7.3 (95% CI 6.8 to 7.8) prescriptions with a mean of 226 (95% CI 210 to 242) days’ supply. Compared with 2013, the estimated number of adults reporting using CNS stimulants in 2018 increased by 1.8 million (95% CI 1.0 million to 2.7 million) or 79.8%. Most 2018 adult stimulant users reported taking psychoactive medication for one or more mental, behavioural or neurodevelopment disorders. Overall, 77.8% (95% CI 72.6% to 83.0%) reported some medication for adult attention deficit disorder, 26.8% (95% CI 22.2% to 31.5%) took medication for anxiety, 25.1% (95% CI 19.9% to 30.3%) for depression and 15.3% (95% CI 9.8% to 20.8%) indicated drug treatment for other mental or neurological disorders. Adult CNS stimulant use was higher in females, in younger age cohorts and among individuals of white race/ethnicity.ConclusionsAdult medical use of prescription stimulants increased markedly in 5 years and occurred in a population often reporting multiple mental or neurological disorders. Further action is needed to understand and manage this new resurgence in drugs with high risks of dependence.

scholarly journals The association between pain and central nervous system depressing medication among hospitalised Norwegian older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Torheim Bjelkarøy ◽  
Socheat Cheng ◽  
Tahreem Ghazal Siddiqui ◽  
Jūratė Šaltytė Benth ◽  
Ramune Grambaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Central nervous system depressant medications (CNSD) including benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics and opioids are regularly prescribed for the older patient. These medications are linked to dependence and associated with severe side effects in some older patients. Consensus recommendations for this group suggest limiting their use. We have recently described a high proportion of long-term CNSD use and dependence among older in-hospital patients. In this study, we aim to investigate factors associated with pain intensity and presentation of pain among older adults with long-term use of CNSDs compared to non-users. Methods Two hundred and forty six elderly hospitalised patients were recruited consecutively in a cross-sectional study. Data was collected from patients and electronic health records (EHR). Independent variables were sex, age, education, emotional symptoms (hospital anxiety and depression scale [HADS]), cognitive function (Mini-mental State Examination test [MMSE]), comorbidity (cumulative illness rating score – geriatrics [CIRS-G]), loneliness (the six-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale) and prolonged (≥4 weeks) use of any CNSDs or prolonged use of opioids (≥4 weeks). All variables, including pain intensity, were collected at one time point consistent with the cross-sectional study design. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and linear regression models using the above mentioned variables and pain intensity (visual analogue scale for pain intensity [VAS] pain 0–100) as outcome. Additional information regarding pain presentation was extracted from the patients’ EHR. Results Mean pain intensity VAS (SD) was 35.2 (30.4) and 18.1 (24.2) respectively, for patients with vs. without prolonged use of CNSDs. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, prolonged use of CNSDs and opioids were positively associated with pain intensity (VAS) (regression coefficient (95% CI) 20.7 (11.0; 30.3), p<0.001, and 19.8 (5.7; 33.8), p=0.006, respectively), while sex, age, education, MMSE, HADS, CIRS-G and loneliness scores were not. Pain related to back (23.2%) and lower extremities (23.2%) were most common pain sites, and those with one or more pain sites reported overall higher pain intensity compared to those with no reported pain sites (p<0.006). Conclusions Prolonged use of CNSD medications as well as prolonged use of opioids are both positively associated with pain intensity. The results may have implications for treatment and long-term pain management for older patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of potentially serious alcohol–medication interactions in older adults in a community pharmacy setting: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e035212
Author(s):  
Alice E Holton ◽  
Cora Keeney ◽  
Benedict Ryan ◽  
Gráinne Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Nervous System Agents ◽  
Pharmacy Setting

ObjectivePrevious prevalence estimates of POtentially Serious Alcohol–Medication INteractions in Older adults (POSAMINO) are based on in-home inventories of medications; however, this method is associated with under-reporting of medications when compared with dispensing records. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of POSAMINO among community-dwelling older adults using drug dispensing data from the community pharmacy setting.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingIrish Community Pharmacy.Participants1599 consecutive older adults presenting with a prescription to 1 of 120 community pharmacies nationwide; community-dwelling, aged ≥65 years, able to speak and understand English, with no evidence of cognitive impairment. The mean age of sample was 75.5 years (SD 6.5); 55% (n=884) female.Measures38 POSAMINO criteria were identified using participants’ pharmacy dispensing records linked to self-reported alcohol consumption (beverage-specific quantity and frequency measures) over the last 12 months.ResultsThe overall prevalence of POSAMINO in the study population was 28%, with 10% at risk of at least one POSAMINO criteria and 18% at risk of two or more. Exposure to POSAMINO most commonly involved cardiovascular agents (19%) and central nervous system agents (15%). Exposure to a higher number of POSAMINO criteria was associated with younger age (adjusted incident rate ratio (AIRR): 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95 to 0.98), male sex (AIRR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.67) and a higher number of comorbidities (AIRR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.13).ConclusionThis study adds to the growing body of evidence, which suggests that older adults are vulnerable to potentially serious alcohol–medication interactions, particularly those involving cardiovascular and central nervous system agents, increasing their risk of orthostatic hypotension, gastrointestinal bleeds and increased sedation. Application of the POSAMINO criteria at the point of prescribing may facilitate the risk stratification of older adults and prioritise alcohol screening and brief alcohol interventions in those at greatest risk of harm.

scholarly journals Influence of Masticatory Behavior on Muscle Compensations During the Oral Phase of Swallowing of Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. e317-e321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Rafaela Soares Rech ◽  
Deisi Cristina Gollo Marques Vidor ◽  
Karoline Weber dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Masticatory Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction Chewing and swallowing are physiologically interconnected functions, which share motor structures and supranuclear regions of the central nervous system (CNS), involving a sensorimotor synchrony. Objective To analyze the influence of masticatory behavior on muscular compensations in the oral phase of swallowing in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Methods A cross-sectional study comparing smokers and nonsmokers composed of 24 participants in each group. The aspects of food crunching, masticatory pattern, masticatory speed, atypical muscular contractions, and lip closure were analyzed during mastication. In swallowing, aspects of contraction of the orbicular and mental muscles, head movement and presence of deglutition, mastication, smoking, and of stomatognathic system of residues after swallowing were characterized. Results Statistically significant differences were identified between the study groups related to food grinding pattern, masticatory velocity, and mental contraction during swallowing. There was no significant association between masticatory function and compensations during swallowing. Conclusion Differences were observed in the pattern of chewing and swallowing in smokers compared with nonsmokers, but no influence of masticatory performance was observed in the presence of muscle compensations during the oral phase of swallowing.

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