scholarly journals Central Nervous System Causes of Sudden Unexpected Death: A Comprehensive Review

Cureus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizah S Alotaibi ◽  
Rabya A Mahroos ◽  
Samia S Al Yateem ◽  
Ritesh G Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Comprehensive Review

scholarly journals Activation of central 5-HT2A receptor in brain inhibited the seizure-induced respiratory arrest in the DBA/1 mouse SUDEP model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Shen ◽  
HaiXiang Ma ◽  
XiTing Lian ◽  
LeYuan Gu ◽  
Qian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Anti Epileptic Drug ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the fatal cause leading to the death of epilepsy patients with anti-epileptic drug resistance. However, the underlying mechanism of SUDEP remains to be elusive. Our previous study demonstrated that enhancement of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan in brain significantly reduced the incidence of seizure-induced respiratory arrest (S-IRA) in DBA/1 mice SUDEP models. Given that 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) acts an important role in mediating respiration system in brain, we hypothesized that 5-HT2AR is of great significance to modulate S-IRA and SUDEP. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the decreased incidence S-IRA evoked by either acoustic stimulation or PTZ by blocking 5-HT2AR by administration with ketanserin (KET), a selective antagonist of 5HT2AR, in DBA/1 mice SUDEP models to test the role of 5-HT2AR modulating S-IRA. Our results suggested that the decreased incidence of S-IRA by 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a precursor for central nervous system (CNS) serotonin (5-HT) synthesis, was significantly reversed by IP and intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injection of ketanserin in our models. Thus, our data suggested that 5-HT2AR in the brain may be a potential and specific target to prevent SUDEP.

scholarly journals Microglia at center stage: a comprehensive review about the versatile and unique residential macrophages of the central nervous system

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (69) ◽  
pp. 114393-114413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Lannes ◽  
Elisabeth Eppler ◽  
Samar Etemad ◽  
Peter Yotovski ◽  
Luis Filgueira
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Maternal physiology

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-68
Author(s):  
Korede Adekanye ◽  
Abrie Theron
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Regional Anaesthesia ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Time Periods

During pregnancy, maternal anatomy and physiology changes significantly. It is important to be aware of what is considered ‘normal’ for pregnancy, in order to promptly recognize and treat medical conditions that may subsequently develop in the antenatal, intrapartum, or postnatal time periods. This chapter sets out the anatomical and physiological changes according to each system: starting with a comprehensive review of the cardiovascular and respiratory changes, which have the most significant adaptations, through the renal, gastro-intestinal, haematological, and endocrine changes, and ending with the central nervous system. Altered anatomy and physiology will affect the conduct of general and regional anaesthesia. The difficulties associated with the obstetric airway, maternal oxygenation, and positioning during anaesthesia are clearly described.

Stress and tension-type headache mechanisms

Cephalalgia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1250-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Cathcart ◽  
Anthony H Winefield ◽  
Kurt Lushington ◽  
Paul Rolan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
Central Pain ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
The Relationship

Stress is widely demonstrated as a contributing factor in tension-type headache (TTH). The mechanisms underlying this remain unclear at present. Recent research indicates the importance of central pain processes in tension-type headache (TTH) pathophysiology. Concurrently, research with animals and healthy humans has begun to elucidate the relationship between stress and pain processing in the central nervous system, including central pain processes putatively dysfunctional in TTH. Combined, these two fields of research present new insights and hypotheses into possible mechanisms by which stress may contribute to TTH. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive review of this literature. The present paper provides such a review, which may be valuable in facilitating a broader understanding of the central mechanisms by which stress may contribute to TTH.

Sudden and Unexpected Death due to Hemorrhage from Occult Central Nervous System Lesions

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Byard ◽  
Anthony J. Bourne ◽  
Ahmed Hanieh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Unexpected Death

scholarly journals Heart rate variabilit y during epileptic seizures as a factor in the development of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (literat ure review)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
A. V. Monakhova ◽  
A. Yu. Yakshina ◽  
E. D. Belousova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most common cause of death in patients with epilepsy and occurs at least 20 times more often in patients with fore mentioned condition compared with healthy people. During epileptic seizures, a significant proportion of patients develop heart rate variability and respiratory depression. It is assumed that these cardiorespiratory complications are the most probable risk factor for the development of SUDEP. Asystole and ventricular fibrillation, developing immediately after the seizure, are the most significant arrhythmias in the pathophysiology of SUDEP. Discoordination of the autonomic nervous system activity in connection with the involvement of autonomous control centers in epileptic activity leads to the emerging cardiopulmonary pathology. In patients with long-term resistant epilepsy, chronic dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is formed and, as a consequence, a greater predisposition to the disturbances of heart rhythm. A detailed study of cardiac disorders during epileptic seizures will provide the key for understanding the risks of developing SUDEP and developing some approaches to its prevention.

scholarly journals The mistery of Gustave Flaubert's death: could sudden unexpected death in epilepsy be part of the context?

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2b) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marly de Albuquerque ◽  
Carla A. Scorza ◽  
Ricardo M. Arida ◽  
Esper A. Cavalheiro ◽  
Fulvio A. Scorza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Nervous Disease ◽  
The Subject

Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological condition and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death. Information concerning risk factors for SUDEP is conflicting, but high seizure frequency is a potential risk factor. Additionally, potential pathomechanisms for SUDEP are unknown, but it is very probable that cardiac arrhythmias during and between seizures or transmission of epileptic activity to the heart via the autonomic nervous system potentially play a role. More than two decades ago, temporal lobe epilepsy was suggested as having been the ''nervous disease'' of Gustave Flaubert, one of the most important French novelists. In these lines, as the circumstances of his death were the subject of fabulous and mysterious speculations, we postulated in this paper that Falubert' death could be due SUDEP phenomenon.

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