scholarly journals Smoking as a Risk Factor for Surgical Site Complications in Implant-Based Breast Surgery

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Zucker ◽  
Antoun Bouz ◽  
Grettel Castro ◽  
Pura Rodriguez de la Vega ◽  
Noel C Barengo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Breast Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Complications

Preoperative Core Needle Biopsy as an Independent Risk Factor for Wound Infection After Breast Surgery

2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Witt ◽  
Devrim Yavuz ◽  
Christoph Walchetseder ◽  
Heinz Strohmer ◽  
Ernst Kubista
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Core Needle Biopsy ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Breast Surgery ◽  
Core Needle

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

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