scholarly journals A Case of Rapid Development of Methicillin‑Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Mechanical Aortic Root Abscess Despite Appropriate Antibiotic Use

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Chandrasekhar ◽  
Dae Hyun Lee ◽  
Nidhi Patel ◽  
Emmanuel Bassily ◽  
Allan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Aortic Root Abscess

scholarly journals Multimicrobial Pneumonia during the Early Stages of a Global Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal H ◽  
◽  
Henriksen G ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Global Pandemic

Community-acquired pneumonia is an acute infection of lung parenchyma which causes local and systemic inflammatory changes via cytokines. Several bacteria and viruses are responsible for this type of pneumonia, and the most common bacterial cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae. The classic symptoms are cough, fever, and pleuritic chest pain. In the Winter of 2020, a new strain of coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 spread throughout the world and was responsible for a global pandemic that transformed the way we live our lives. A 93-year old female presented to the hospital with respiratory distress and was found to have not only COVID-19 pneumonia but also superimposed Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Following the most up-to-date guidelines, she was determined to have community-acquired pneumonia. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are uncommon causes of communityacquired pneumonia. She was treated with the standard of care at the time, which included vancomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and hydroxychloroquine. This case highlights the rarity of this specific presentation of community acquired pneumonia in regards to microbial etiology. It showcases that patients may develop certain diseases despite not having any risk factors. A major takeaway point is that apt decision making is a critical and time sensitive matter when determining whether a bacterial co-infection is present since it can affect patient outcomes. Since co-infections are relatively infrequent, antibiotic use in COVID-19 positive patients needs to be tailored accordingly. At the same time, it is crucial to keep in mind that co-infections are associated with increased severity of COVID-19 as well as poorer outcomes.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Clinical Isolates in Indonesia: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1871-1878
Author(s):  
Rike Syahniar ◽  
Rayhana Rayhana ◽  
Dayu Swasti Kharisma ◽  
Muhammad Khatami ◽  
Dimas Bagus Bramasta Duarsa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

BACKGROUND: The high infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accompanied by increased resistance to many groups of antibiotics is a major concern in the field of infection. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility to MRSA isolates in Indonesia. METHODS: We did searches in Pubmed, Proquest, DOAJ, GARUDA, and google scholar for studies published in 2006-2020. Study in Indonesian (Bahasa) and English with the keywords "methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "MRSA" and "Indonesia". More than 30 S.aureus isolates derived from human samples were included. RESULTS: A total of 738 articles based on the search results, 13 studies were included in this systematic review. The prevalence of MRSA reported from all studies is 0.3%-52%. The study with the largest prevalence of MRSA was found in Jakarta. The susceptibility of vancomycin antibiotics to MRSA isolates is known to range from 87%-100%. Based on all studies, Linezolid, Tigecycline, Nitrofurantoin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin were reported to have 100% susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MRSA is still found high in one of the cities in Indonesia. Surveillance of antibiotic use, monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and antibiotic resistance control programs need to be optimized. MRSA screening is based on a rapid diagnosis when an inpatient admission is also necessary.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan: prevalence, molecular characteristics and associated factors with nasal carriage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Yu Hsu ◽  
David Wu ◽  
Chien-Ching Hung ◽  
Shie-Shian Huang ◽  
Fang-Hsueh Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
Northern Taiwan

Abstract Objective To evaluate nasal carriage, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the risk factors of MRSA colonization, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in northern Taiwan. Methods From September 2014 to November 2015, HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care at four hospitals were eligible for this study. A nasal specimen was obtained from each subject for the detection of S. aureus and a questionnaire was completed by each subject. MRSA isolates once identified were characterized. Results Of 553 patients surveyed, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was detected in 119 subjects (21.5%) and MRSA in 19 subjects (3.4%). Female gender, injection drug use, smoking, hepatitis C virus carrier, cancer and antibiotic use within one year were positively associated with MRSA colonization. By multivariate analysis, only cancer (adjust odds ratio (aOR) 7.78, [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.909-31.731]) and antibiotic use within one year (aOR 3.89, [95% CI, 1.219-12.433]) were significantly associated with MRSA colonization. Ten isolates were characterized as sequence type (ST) 59/staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC) IV or V T , endemic community strains in Taiwan, four isolates as ST 8/SCC mec IV (USA 300) and one isolate as ST 239/SCC mec IIIA, a hospital strain. All the community-associated MRSA isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Conclusions Nasal MRSA carriage in HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care was low (3.4%) in northern Taiwan. Most of the colonizing isolates were genetically endemic community strains and exhibited high susceptibility to TMP-SMX and fluoroqinolones. Cancer and antibiotic use within one year were associated with MRSA colonization.

scholarly journals Impact of empiric antibiotics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and associated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) risk: Secondary analysis of the CLEAR trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Anastasiia S. Weiland ◽  
Julia Y. Lu ◽  
Caleb S. Chen ◽  
Thomas Tjoa ◽  
Raveena Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Empiric Antibiotics ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Mrsa Infection

ABSTRACT We performed secondary analyses of a postdischarge decolonization trial of MRSA carriers that reduced MRSA infection and hospitalization by 30%. Hospitalized MRSA infection was associated with 7.9 days of non-MRSA antibiotics and CDI in 3.9%. Preventing MRSA infection and associated hospitalization may reduce antibiotic use and CDI incidence.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Oluwalana T. Oyekale ◽  
Bola O. Ojo ◽  
Damilola E. Oguntunmbi ◽  
Oluwatoyin I. Oyekale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonized healthcare workers (HCWs) constitute massive threat to the well-being of hospitalized patients due to their ability to transmit this multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria strain in hospital settings. Aim: To determine the prevalence of MRSA carriage/colonization among HCWs, to identify risk-factors associated with colonization/carriage, and to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: A total of 333 randomly selected consenting HCWs from most hospital care units were studied. Data on demographic characteristics and infection control practices were obtained from participants with the aid of questionnaire. Swabs of the anterior nares and hands of participants were cultured on oxacillin-containing mannitol salt agar (MSA), S. aureus was identified using convectional criteria and MRSA was identified by cefoxitin disc diffusion technique. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on all isolated MRSA. Results: The carriage rate of MRSA was high (21.3%). Isolation was significantly higher among; males compared to females (P=.035), staff of critical care units compared to other care units (P=.049), among doctors and nurses compared to other HCWs (P=.0031). Poor handwashing practices (P<.001), presence of wound or skin infection (P<.001) and recent antibiotic use (P=.006) were associated with higher isolation rate. Isolation rate was higher from the nose (15.0%) than from the hands (6.3%). Isolates demonstrated low resistance to clindamycin (16.9%) and ciprofloxacin (16.9%). No isolate was resistant to vancomycin. Conclusion: In this study; colonization of HCWs by MRSA was high, a male doctor or nurse from critical care unit, with poor handwashing practices, wound or skin infection, and recent antibiotic use had a higher risk of MRSA carriage/colonization. No MRSA isolated was resistant to vancomycin. Improved infection control policies and practices are needed to curtail this trend in hospital settings.

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