scholarly journals Electrophysiologic Mapping of the Extraocular Motor Nuclei

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin W Silverstein ◽  
Jason A Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Motor Nuclei

Comparison of Motor Nuclei of the Vagus Nerve in Dogs With and Without Esophageal Achalasia

1973 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Clifford ◽  
J. G. Pirsch ◽  
M. L. Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Esophageal Achalasia ◽  
Motor Nuclei

scholarly journals Thalamic afferents to prefrontal cortices from ventral motor nuclei in decision‐making

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Sieveritz ◽  
Marianela García‐Muñoz ◽  
Gordon W. Arbuthnott
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Nuclei ◽  
Prefrontal Cortices

Afferents to the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei in pigeon (Columba livia L.): Central connections of jaw motoneurons

1982 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Berkhoudt ◽  
Bradley G. Klein ◽  
H. Philip Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Columba Livia ◽  
Motor Nuclei

The Respiratory Centre in the Tench (Tinca Tinca L.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
G. SHELTON
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Tinca Tinca ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Respiratory Centre ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Motor Nuclei ◽  
Tench Tinca Tinca

1. The medulla of the tench brain was searched systematically by means of needle electrodes for rhythmic bursts of action potential activity coinciding with the breathing movements. 2. The neurones which produced these rhythmic bursts of activity were located in the grey matter, mainly beneath the IXth and Xth motor nuclei and in the region round the VIIth motor nucleus. This type of activity was also found in some of the neurones forming the Vth and VIIth motor nuclei. 3. The respiratory neurones were not arranged in a discrete and homogenous nucleus anywhere in the medulla, but were scattered through the grey matter. The distribution was not uniform, the neurones tending to occur in very small groups. There was also a relatively higher density of respiratory neurones in the central, as compared with the more anterior and posterior, parts of the respiratory region. The possibility that variations may occur in the constitution of the respiratory centre, in different individuals and in the same individual at different times, is considered. 4. The manner in which neurones of the respiratory centre function to produce the rhythmic activity is discussed. Localized destruction of active respiratory regions, over a wide area of the medulla in different fish, was never followed by a breakdown in the rhythmic movements. This is interpreted as evidence against the existence of a pacemaker and favouring the hypothesis that the rhythm is produced by a general reciprocal interaction of large numbers of respiratory neurones.

Organization of Recurrent Inhibition and Facilitation in Motor Nuclei Innervating Ankle Muscles of the Cat

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 778-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Turkin ◽  
Katrina S. Monroe ◽  
Thomas M. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Recurrent Inhibition ◽  
Tibialis Posterior ◽  
Ankle Muscles ◽  
Motor Nuclei ◽  
Excitatory Responses ◽  
Digit Function ◽  
Stimulation Of

Turkin, Vladimir V., Katrina S. Monroe, and Thomas M. Hamm. Organization of recurrent inhibition and facilitation in motor nuclei innervating ankle muscles of the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 778–790, 1998. The distribution of recurrent inhibition and facilitation to motor nuclei of muscles that act at the cat ankle joint was compared with the locomotor activity and mechanical action of those muscles described in published studies. Emphasis was placed on motor nuclei whose muscles have a principal action about the abduction—adduction axis and the pretibial flexors: tibialis posterior (TP), peroneus longus (PerL), peroneus brevis (PerB), the anterior part of tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Most intracellular recordings in spinalized, unanesthetized decerebrate cats showed only inhibitory or excitatory responses to antidromic stimulation of peripheral nerves, but mixed effects were also seen. Recurrent effects among motor nuclei of ankle abductors and adductors were not distributed uniformly. TP motoneurons received recurrent inhibition from most other nuclei active in stance and stimulation of the TP nerve inhibited these motor nuclei. Although PerB motoneurons are also active during stance, they received primarily facilitation from most motor nuclei. PerL received mixtures of inhibition and facilitation from all sources. Stimulation of the nerves to PerL, PerB, and peroneus tertius (PerT) produced weak recurrent inhibition and facilitation, even in homonymous motoneurons and motoneurons of Ia synergists. The ankle flexors TA and EDL displayed different patterns of recurrent inhibition and facilitation. TA motoneurons received prominent homonymous inhibition and inhibition from semitendinosus (St). EDL, whose activity profile differs from TA and which also acts at the digits, did not receive strong recurrent inhibition from either TA or St, nor did stimulation of the EDL nerve produce much inhibition. The distribution of recurrent inhibition and facilitation is correlated with the pattern of locomotor activity, but with exceptions that suggest an influence of mechanical action, particularly in the antagonistic interactions between TP and PerB. The extended pattern of recurrent inhibition, the reduction or absence of inhibition produced by motor nuclei with individualized functions or digit function and the prevalence of facilitation suggest that the recurrent Renshaw system is organized into inhibitory and disinhibitory projections that participate in the control of sets of motor nuclei engaged in rhythmic and stereotyped movements.

scholarly journals Recruitment Order Among Motoneurons From Different Motor Nuclei

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 2485-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Sokoloff ◽  
Sondra G. Siegel ◽  
Timothy C. Cope
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Size Principle ◽  
Lateral Gastrocnemius ◽  
Decerebrate Cat ◽  
Ankle Muscles ◽  
Recruitment Order ◽  
Motor Nuclei ◽  
First Time

Recruitment order among motoneurons from different motor nuclei. The principles by which motoneurons (MNs) innervating different multiple muscles are organized into activity are not known. Here we test the hypothesis that coactivated MNs belonging to different muscles in the decerebrate cat are recruited in accordance with the size principle, i.e., that MNs with slow conduction velocity (CV) are recruited before MNs with higher CV. We studied MN recruitment in two muscle pairs, the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles, and the MG and posterior biceps femoris (PBF) muscles because these pairs are coactivated reliably in stretch and cutaneous reflexes, respectively. For 29/34 MG-LG pairs of MNs, the MN with lower CV was recruited first either in all trials (548/548 trials for 22 pairs) or in most trials (225/246 trials for 7 pairs), whether the MG or the LG MN in a pair was recruited first. Intertrial variability in the force thresholds of MG and LG MNs recruited by stretch was relatively low (coefficient of variation = 18% on average). Finally, punctate stimulation of the skin over the heel recruited 4/4 pairs of MG-LG MNs in order by CV. By all of these measures, recruitment order is as consistent among MNs from these two ankle muscles as it is for MNs supplying the MG muscle alone. For MG-PBF pairings, the MN with lower CV was recruited first in the majority of trials for 13/24 pairs and in reverse order for 9/24 pairs. The recruitment sequence of coactive MNs supplying the MG and PBF muscles was, therefore, random with respect to axonal conduction velocity and not organized as predicted by the size principle. Taken together, these findings demonstrate for the first time, that the size principle can extend beyond the boundaries of a single muscle but does not coordinate all coactive muscles in a limb.

Projection of individual pyramidal tract neurons to lumbar motor nuclei of the monkey

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Asanuma ◽  
P. Zarzecki ◽  
E. Jankowska ◽  
T. Hongo ◽  
S. Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Pyramidal Tract Neurons ◽  
Motor Nuclei
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