Severe Epistaxis Secondary to Dabrafenib and Trametinib Toxicity in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma With Small Bowel Metastasis

Object. Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of death from cancer. More than 50% of those with small cell lung cancer develop a brain metastasis. Corticosteroid agents, radiotherapy, and resection have been the mainstays of treatment. Nonetheless, median survival for patients with small cell lung carcinoma metastasis is approximately 4 to 5 months after cranial irradiation. In this study the authors examine the efficacy of gamma knife surgery for treating recurrent small cell lung carcinoma metastases to the brain following tumor growth in patients who have previously undergone radiation therapy, and they evaluate factors affecting survival. Methods. A retrospective review of 27 patients (47 recurrent small cell lung cancer brain metastases) undergoing radiosurgery was performed. Clinical and radiographic data obtained during a 14-year treatment period were collected. Multivariate analysis was utilized to determine significant prognostic factors influencing survival. The overall median survival was 18 months after the diagnosis of brain metastases. In multivariate analysis, factors significantly affecting survival included: 1) tumor volume (p = 0.0042); 2) preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale score (p = 0.0035); and 3) time between initial lung cancer diagnosis and development of brain metastasis (p = 0.0127). Postradiosurgical imaging of the brain metastases revealed that 62% decreased, 19% remained stable, and 19% eventually increased in size. One patient later underwent a craniotomy and tumor resection for a tumor refractory to radiosurgery and radiation therapy. In three patients new brain metastases were demonstrating on follow-up imaging. Conclusions. Stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent small cell lung carcinoma metastases provided effective local tumor control in the majority of patients. Early detection of brain metastases, aggressive treatment of systemic disease, and a therapeutic strategy including radiosurgery can extend survival.

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Curcumin Targets Circulating Cancer Stem Cells by Inhibiting Self-Renewal Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520616666160923102549 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sheefa Mirza ◽

Aakanksha Vasaiya ◽

Hemangini Vora ◽

Nayan Jain ◽

Rakesh Rawal

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Lung Carcinoma ◽

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Self Renewal ◽

Cell Lung Carcinoma

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New lung cancer treatment strategy with molecular target of PKCeta

Impact ◽

10.21820/23987073.2019.8.56 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (8) ◽

pp. 56-58

Author(s):

Motoi Ohba

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Lung Carcinoma ◽

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Small Cell ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Nucleotide Mutation

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal forms of the disease accounting for almost 20 per cent of all deaths from cancer. It is therefore the leading cause of cancer death in men and second most fatal in women. There are between 1.5 and 2 million new cases of cancer globally every year. A similar number die from the disease annually. There are two forms of lung cancer – small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). SCLC is the more aggressive form being faster growing and more metastatic, however it also responds more effectively to treatments such as chemotherapy. NSCLC is the more common form of the disease, accounting for 85 per cent of cases. They develop more slowly than SCLCs, however they are largely unresponsive to chemotherapy and require precise surgical removal. Both present a huge medical problem in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Due to its far higher prevalence, NSCLC is the most studied of the two forms. A chemotherapeutic treatment has been developed that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is majorly upregulated in most cases and plays a key role in the tumour's growth and survival. The treatment blocks the receptor and is usually very effective in the first instances. However, it is typically unable to clear the cancer as a single nucleotide mutation is capable of rendering the inhibitor unable to act on the receptor. Therefore, the cancer returns and continues to develop. New treatments are also required. This is the work of Dr Motoi Ohba of the Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Japan. His work is aimed at both uncovering novel targets for cancer treatment and finding and developing molecules that could effectively manipulate these targets.

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