Azithromycin in the Successful Management of COVID-19: A Family Physician’s Perspective

Online classroom management is an innovation in the overall educational process. Its main characteristics - pedagogical communication, digital methodology and quality of learning in the online environment are the main semantic pillars on which this article is built. Empirical results from a teacher survey are presented. Their professional reflection outlines three research profiles: personal professional, pedagogical-methodological, competence-reflexive. In the pedagogical analysis of these profiles a number of conclusions are formed for the management of the online classroom in the process of distance learning. They are related to issues such as basic methodological skills, digital skills of teachers; quality of education, continuing qualification and others. The question is to develop a digital methodology for more successful management of the online classroom in the process of distance learning.

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Hyperstimulation of the immune system as a cause of autoimmune diseases

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences ◽

10.15690/vramn1276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 204-213

Author(s):

Varvara A. Ryabkova ◽

Leonid P. Churilov ◽

Yehuda Shoenfeld

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Threshold Model ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Threshold Effect ◽

Successful Management ◽

Polygenic Inheritance ◽

Autoimmune Pathology ◽

The Common

The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is very complex and multi-factorial. The concept of Mosaics of Autoimmunity was introduced to the scientific community 30 years ago by Y. Shoenfeld and D.A. Isenberg, and since then new tiles to the puzzle are continuously added. This concept specifies general pathological ideas about the multifactorial threshold model for polygenic inheritance with a threshold effect by the action of a number of external causal factors as applied to the field of autoimmunology. Among the external factors that can excessively stimulate the immune system, contributing to the development of autoimmune reactions, researchers are particularly interested in chemical substances, which are widely used in pharmacology and medicine. In this review we highlight the autoimmune dynamics i.e. a multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the subsequent development of lymphoma in some cases. In this context several issues are addressed namely, genetic basis of autoimmunity; environmental immunostimulatory risk factors; gene/environmental interaction; pre-clinical autoimmunity with the presence of autoantibodies; and the mechanisms, underlying lymphomagenesis in autoimmune pathology. We believe that understanding the common model of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is the first step to their successful management.

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