scholarly journals Progress towards resolution of the Indigofera monophylla complex (Fabaceae: Faboideae)

Telopea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Peter Wilson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Desert ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Restricted Distribution ◽  
Multiple Species

The application of the name Indigofera monophylla is clarified by reference to the type held in the Geneva herbarium and a revised description provided. The name has been widely applied to plants with rounded, unifoliolate leaves and some workers have suggested that there are multiple species within this broadly defined group. One of these, with restricted distribution within the Pilbara bioregion, has previously been given the phrase name Indigofera sp. Bungaroo Creek (S. van Leeuwen 4301) and is formally named here as Indigofera rivularis Peter G.Wilson. Two additional species in this complex are also described: Indigofera deserticola Peter G.Wilson & Rowe, is a species of sandplains occurring within the Great Sandy Desert and Dampierland Bioregions, and Indigofera rotula Peter G.Wilson, which is a species with smaller leaves and flowers that occurs primarily in areas south of the Pilbara. A key to these species is provided.

scholarly journals Adaptive gains through repeated gene loss: parallel evolution of cyanogenesis polymorphisms in the genus Trifolium (Fabaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1648) ◽  
pp. 20130347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Olsen ◽  
Nicholas J. Kooyers ◽  
Linda L. Small
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Gene Loss ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Cyanogenic Glucosides ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Biochemical Polymorphisms ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Genomic Regions

Variation in cyanogenesis (hydrogen cyanide release following tissue damage) was first noted in populations of white clover more than a century ago, and subsequent decades of research have established this system as a classic example of an adaptive chemical defence polymorphism. Here, we document polymorphisms for cyanogenic components in several relatives of white clover, and we determine the molecular basis of this trans-specific adaptive variation. One hundred and thirty-nine plants, representing 13 of the 14 species within Trifolium section Trifoliastrum , plus additional species across the genus, were assayed for cyanogenic components (cyanogenic glucosides and their hydrolysing enzyme, linamarase) and for the presence of underlying cyanogenesis genes ( CYP79D15 and Li , respectively). One or both cyanogenic components were detected in seven species, all within section Trifoliastrum ; polymorphisms for the presence/absence (PA) of components were detected in six species. In a pattern that parallels our previous findings for white clover, all observed biochemical polymorphisms correspond to gene PA polymorphisms at CYP79D15 and Li . Relationships of DNA sequence haplotypes at the cyanogenesis loci and flanking genomic regions suggest independent evolution of gene deletions within species. This study thus provides evidence for the parallel evolution of adaptive biochemical polymorphisms through recurrent gene deletions in multiple species.

scholarly journals Detection of Fe i in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b, and a new likelihood-based approach for Doppler-resolved spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 493 (2) ◽  
pp. 2215-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neale P Gibson ◽  
Stephanie Merritt ◽  
Stevanus K Nugroho ◽  
Patricio E Cubillos ◽  
Ernst J W de Mooij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Hot Jupiter

ABSTRACT High-resolution Doppler-resolved spectroscopy has opened up a new window into the atmospheres of both transiting and non-transiting exoplanets. Here, we present VLT/UVES observations of a transit of WASP-121b, an ‘ultra-hot’ Jupiter previously found to exhibit a temperature inversion and detections of multiple species at optical wavelengths. We present initial results using the blue arm of UVES (≈3700–5000 Å), recovering a clear signal of neutral Fe in the planet’s atmosphere at >8$\, \sigma$, which could contribute to (or even fully explain) the temperature inversion in the stratosphere. However, using standard cross-correlation methods, it is difficult to extract physical parameters such as temperature and abundances. Recent pioneering efforts have sought to develop likelihood ‘mappings’ that can be used to directly fit models to high-resolution data sets. We introduce a new framework that directly computes the likelihood of the model fit to the data, and can be used to explore the posterior distribution of parametrised model atmospheres via MCMC techniques. Our method also recovers the physical extent of the atmosphere, as well as account for time- and wavelength-dependent uncertainties. We measure a temperature of $3710^{+490}_{-510}$ K, indicating a higher temperature in the upper atmosphere when compared to low-resolution observations. We also show that the Fe i signal is physically separated from the exospheric Fe ii. However, the temperature measurements are highly degenerate with aerosol properties; detection of additional species, using more sophisticated atmospheric models, or combining these methods with low-resolution spectra should help break these degeneracies.

scholarly journals Two species of Arboridia (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) new to Fennoscandia

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Endrestøl
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Restricted Distribution

With Arboridia parvula (Boheman, 1845) one species of the genus Arboridia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) has been reported from Fennoscandia so far. This paper reports on two additional species of this genus in Fennoscandia: A. erecta (Ribaut, 1931) and A. pusilla (Ribaut, 1936). A. pusilla has never been recorded from Northern Europe. Both species probably have a very restricted distribution in Fennoscandia.

Drinking Animals: Sobriety, Intoxication and Interspecies Assemblages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Genosko
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Wine Bottle

While Deleuze explored the temporalities of alcoholism in American literature in The Logic of Sense, and Jean Clet Martin, among others, has extended this inquiry by further extracting the alcoholic’s lines of flight from the same literature, this chapter breaks the mould by understanding alcohol, distilled and in its pure form of ethanol, as well as its imbibition, as a question of a component that passes through anthropocentric, and across multiple non-anthropocentric assemblages. The exploitation of ethanol fermentation, for example, exists across species. Indeed, as we entertain more overtly human cultural examples, such as ‘wine’ for cats, a recent Japanese pet trend, the metabolic communion of interspecies companionship requires that the material expressivity of the substance is overcoded because the ‘wine’ is not only non-alcoholic but liquid catnip in a ‘wine’ bottle. Indeed, theorization of the pursuit of shared pleasures – using Guattari’s ethological terms, we might say deterritorializing from deterministic biological factors yet also modifying these in some measure as well (Machinic Unconscious) – and engaging multiple species is this chapter’s goal, achievable by plotting the passages of alcohol and its related components across assemblages and their material and socio-cultural expressive trajectories beyond strictly anthropocentric and Western prerogatives.

Fish diversity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Burton ◽  
Margaret Burton
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Species

Fish diversity is considered in terms of variety of their morphological, taxonomic, habitat and population attributes. Fish, with over 30, 000 current species, represent the largest group of vertebrates. The complexity of classification of a group of this size and antiquity, together with recognition of additional species, demands continuous ongoing revision. The impact of the recent fundamental changes in fish classification in 2016 is discussed. Life in water involves adaptations to widely different habitats which can result in physiological morphological and life-style variations which are reviewed.

A new species of the genus Parapachymorpha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 (Phasmida, Phasmatidae, Clitumninae) from Laos

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4732 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
CHANG-MOON JANG ◽  
YANG˗SEOP BAE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Lower Margin ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
The World ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Egg Capsule

Parapachymorpha is one of eight genera within the tribe Medaurini of subfamily Clitumninae (Phasmatidae). It was established by Brunner von Wattenwyl (1893), with the type species Parapachymorpha nigra by subsequent designation of Kirby (1904), from Myanmar. Species of this genus are widely distributed in oriental tropics (Laos, China, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and Cambodia), with only 11 known species in the world (Brock et al. 2018, Ho 2017). Species of the genus Parapachymorpha can be recognized by following characters (Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893;1907, Henmemann & Conle 2008, Ho 2017): 1) body robust in female and slender in male with long leg in relation to the length; 2) body surface of female granulose or spinose; 3) mesonotum of female more and less expanded posteriorly; 4) abdominal tergites lacking expanded prostero–lateral angles in both sexes; 5) laminal supraanalis undeveloped in female; 6) semi–tergite of male irregularly rectangular, with an additional finger­–like ventro–apical appendix on the lower margin and reduced or absent; 7) egg capsule oval to oblong and covered with a raised net–like structure in lateral view; 8) micropylar plate oval; 9) operculum concave or convex. In the present study, we describe additional species, Parapachymorpha minuta sp. nov. from Laos, with photographs of both sexes of adults and egg. 

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