scholarly journals On the suitability of admixing sand to metallic iron for water treatment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chicgoua Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Iron

scholarly journals Testing Metallic Iron Filtration Systems for Decentralized Water Treatment at Pilot Scale

Water ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 868-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul Tepong-Tsindé ◽  
Richard Crane ◽  
Chicgoua Noubactep ◽  
Achille Nassi ◽  
Hans Ruppert
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Pilot Scale

scholarly journals Metallic iron for water treatment: leaving the valley of confusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 4177-4196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Makota ◽  
Arnaud I. Nde-Tchoupe ◽  
Hezron T. Mwakabona ◽  
Raoul Tepong-Tsindé ◽  
Chicgoua Noubactep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Iron

scholarly journals Metallic Iron for Water Treatment: A Critical Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 702-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chicgoua Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Metallic Iron

scholarly journals Metallic Iron for Environmental Remediation: Starting an Overdue Progress in Knowledge

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Hu ◽  
Huichen Yang ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Xuesong Cui ◽  
Minhui Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics And Isotherm

A critical survey of the abundant literature on environmental remediation and water treatment using metallic iron (Fe0) as reactive agent raises two major concerns: (i) the peculiar properties of the used materials are not properly considered and characterized, and, (ii) the literature review in individual publications is very selective, thereby excluding some fundamental principles. Fe0 specimens for water treatment are typically small in size. Before the advent of this technology and its application for environmental remediation, such small Fe0 particles have never been allowed to freely corrode for the long-term spanning several years. As concerning the selective literature review, the root cause is that Fe0 was considered as a (strong) reducing agent under environmental conditions. Subsequent interpretation of research results was mainly directed at supporting this mistaken view. The net result is that, within three decades, the Fe0 research community has developed itself to a sort of modern knowledge system. This communication is a further attempt to bring Fe0 research back to the highway of mainstream corrosion science, where the fundamentals of Fe0 technology are rooted. The inherent errors of selected approaches, currently considered as countermeasures to address the inherent limitations of the Fe0 technology are demonstrated. The misuse of the terms “reactivity”, and “efficiency”, and adsorption kinetics and isotherm models for Fe0 systems is also elucidated. The immense importance of Fe0/H2O systems in solving the long-lasting issue of universal safe drinking water provision and wastewater treatment calls for a science-based system design.

scholarly journals A Novel and Facile Method to Characterize the Suitability of Metallic Iron for Water Treatment

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesia Lufingo ◽  
Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
Karoli N. Njau ◽  
Chicgoua Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Dissolved Iron ◽  
The One ◽  
Intrinsic Reactivity ◽  
Dissolved O2

Metallic iron (Fe0) materials have been industrially used for water treatment since the 1850s. There are still many fundamental challenges in affordably and reliably characterizing the Fe0 intrinsic reactivity. From the available methods, the one using Fe0 dissolution in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA—2 mM) was demonstrated the most applicable as it uses only four affordable chemicals: Ascorbic acid, an ascorbate salt, EDTA and 1,10-Phenanthroline (Phen). A careful look at these chemicals reveals that EDTA and Phen are complexing agents for dissolved iron species. Fe3-EDTA is very stable and difficult to destabilize; ascorbic acid is one of the few appropriate reducing agents, therefore. On the other hand, the Fe2-Phen complex is so stable that oxidation by dissolved O2 is not possible. This article positively tests Fe0 (0.1 g) dissolution in 2 mM Phen (50 mL) as a characterization tool for the intrinsic reactivity, using 9 commercial steel wool (Fe0 SW) specimens as probe materials. The results are compared with those obtained by the EDTA method. The apparent iron dissolution rate in EDTA (kEDTA) and in Phen (kPhen) were such that 0.53 ≤ kEDTA (μg h−1) ≤ 4.81 and 0.07 ≤ kPhen (μg h−1) ≤ 1.30. Higher kEDTA values, relative to kPhen, are a reflection of disturbing Fe3 species originating from Fe2 oxidation by dissolved O2 and dissolution of iron corrosion products. It appears that the Phen method considers only the forward dissolution of Fe0. The Phen method is reliable and represents the most affordable approach for characterizing the suitability of Fe0 for water treatment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Selected Pretreatment Procedures on Iron Dissolution from Metallic Iron Specimens Used in Water Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Hu ◽  
Arnaud Ndé-Tchoupé ◽  
Mesia Lufingo ◽  
Minhui Xiao ◽  
Achille Nassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Steel Wool ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Iron Dissolution ◽  
Iron Iron ◽  
The Impact

Studies were undertaken to determine the reasons why published information regarding the efficiency of metallic iron (Fe0) for water treatment is conflicting and even confusing. The reactivity of eight Fe0 materials was characterized by Fe dissolution in a dilute solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2–EDTA; 2 mM). Both batch (4 days) and column (100 days) experiments were used. A total of 30 different systems were characterized for the extent of Fe release in EDTA. The effects of Fe0 type (granular iron, iron nails and steel wool) and pretreatment procedure (socking in acetone, EDTA, H2O, HCl and NaCl for 17 h) were assessed. The results roughly show an increased iron dissolution with increasing reactive sites (decreasing particle size: wool > filings > nails), but there were large differences between materials from the same group. The main output of this work is that available results are hardly comparable as they were achieved under very different experimental conditions. A conceptual framework is presented for future research directed towards a more processed understanding.

scholarly journals Redirecting Research on Fe0 for Environmental Remediation: The Search for Synergy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu ◽  
Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Cathodic Reaction ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Basic Relationship ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Center Research

A survey of the literature on using metallic iron (Fe0) for environmental remediation suggests that the time is ripe to center research on the basic relationship between iron corrosion and contaminant removal. This communication identifies the main problem, which is based on the consideration that contaminant reductive transformation is the cathodic reaction of iron oxidative dissolution. Properly considering the inherent complexities of the Fe0/H2O system will favor an appropriate research design that will enable more efficient and sustainable remediation systems. Successful applications of Fe0/H2O systems require the collective consideration of progress achieved in understanding these system. More efforts should be made to decipher the long-term kinetics of iron corrosion, so as to provide better approaches to accurately predict the performance of the next generation Fe0-based water treatment systems.

scholarly journals Water Treatment Using Metallic Iron: A Tutorial Review

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu ◽  
Gwenzi ◽  
Sipowo-Tala ◽  
Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Removal Mechanisms ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Proper Material

Researchers and engineers using metallic iron (Fe0) for water treatment need a tutorial review on the operating mode of the Fe0/H2O system. There are few review articles attempting to present systematic information to guide proper material selection and application conditions. However, they are full of conflicting reports. This review seeks to: (i) Summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the remediation Fe0/H2O system, (ii) discuss relevant contaminant removal mechanisms, and (iii) provide solutions for practical engineering application of Fe0-based systems for water treatment. Specifically, the following aspects are summarized and discussed in detail: (i) Fe0 intrinsic reactivity and material selection, (ii) main abiotic contaminant removal mechanisms, and (iii) relevance of biological and bio-chemical processes in the Fe0/H2O system. In addition, challenges for the design of the next generation Fe0/H2O systems are discussed. This paper serves as a handout to enable better practical engineering applications for environmental remediation using Fe0.

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