scholarly journals Quantitative proteomics suggests changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of maize in response to larvae of the belowground herbivore Holotrichia parallela

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9819
Author(s):  
Yu Pan ◽  
Shiwen Zhao ◽  
Zhun Wang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Holotrichia Parallela ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Mannose Metabolism

The larvae of Holotrichia parallela, a destructive belowground herbivore, may cause yield losses of up to 20% in maize in a typical year. To understand the protein-level mechanisms governing the response of maize to this herbivore, tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics was used for the comparative analysis of protein abundance in the maize roots after H. parallela larval attack. A total of 351 upregulated proteins and 303 downregulated proteins were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were most strongly associated with carbohydrate and energy metabolism pathways, such as glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and fructose and mannose metabolism. Most glycolysis-related proteins were significantly induced. In addition, H. parallela larval attack decreased the glucose concentrations in the roots. This study demonstrates that maize can manipulate carbohydrate metabolism by modifying glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway response to root-feeding herbivorous attackers. The results of this study may help to establish a foundation for further functional studies of key protein-mediated responses to H. parallela larvae in maize.

scholarly journals Activity of Energy and Carbohydrate Metabolism Enzymes in the Juvenile Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walb.) during the Transition from Freshwater to a Marine Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-554
Author(s):  
M. V. Churova ◽  
N. S. Shulgina ◽  
M. Yu. Krupnova ◽  
D. A. Efremov ◽  
N. N. Nemova
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Biochemical Adaptation ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes

Abstract Biochemical adaptations of energy metabolism and some pathways of glucose oxidation during a change in salinity of the environment in larvae and smolts of the pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walb.) inhabiting the White Sea were studied. We assayed the activity of energy and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase (COХ), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 1-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (1-GPDH), and aldolase) in pink salmon larvae in a short-term aquarium experiment and in pink salmon smolts in a long-term cage experiment simulating the transition of juveniles from freshwater to a marine environment. A decrease in the activity of COX, LDH, 1‑GPDH, and aldolase already in the first hour after the transfer of larvae to seawater was shown. Smolts kept in the estuary and in the sea had low levels of activity of 1-GPDH and aldolase in comparison with individuals from the river. Most likely, in the salmon juveniles studied, there was a redistribution of carbohydrates between the reactions of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in favor of anaerobic ATP synthesis. No changes in the enzyme activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, G-6-PDH, were found in either larvae or smolts compared with the individuals kept in freshwater. Maintenance of the required levels of anaerobic metabolism and of the pentose phosphate pathway is probably one of the mechanisms of biochemical adaptation of pink salmon to changes in salinity.

scholarly journals Tissue-based metabolomics profiling reveals metabolic signatures and major metabolic pathways of gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqin Wang ◽  
Wenchao Chen ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Latent Structures

Abstract Purpose This study was aimed to screen differential metabolites between gastric cancer (GC) and paracancerous (PC) tissues and find new biomarkers of GC. Methods GC (n = 28) and matched PC (n = 28) tissues were collected and LC-MS/MS analyses were performed to detect metabolites of GC and PC tissues in positive and negative models. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) were conducted to describe distribution of origin data and general separation and estimate the robustness and the predictive ability of our mode. Differential metabolites were screened based on criterion of variables with p value < 0.05 and VIP (variable importance in the projection) > 1.0. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic power of differential metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was performed to search for metabolite pathways and MetaboAnalyst was used for pathway enrichment analysis. Results Several metabolites were significantly changed in GC group compared with PC group. Thirteen metabolites with high VIP were chose and among which 1-methylnicotinamide, dodecanoic acid and sphinganine possessed high AUC values (AUC > 0.8) indicating an excellent discriminatory ability on GC. Pathways such as pentose phosphate pathway and histidine metabolism were focused based on differential metabolites demonstrating their effects on progress of GC. Conclusions In conclusion, we investigated the tissue-based metabolomics profile of GC and several differential metabolites and signaling pathways were focused. Further study is needed to verify those results.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomic analysis of heterophylly of the aquatic plant Potamogeton octandrus (Potamogetonaceae)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingxuan He ◽  
Pin Guo ◽  
Paul F Gugger ◽  
Youhao Guo ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Kegg Pathway ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Pathway Enrichment ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Floating Leaves

Many plant species exhibit heterophylly, displaying different leaves upon a single plant. The molecular mechanisms regulating this phenomenon, however, have remained elusive. In this study, the transcriptomes of submerged and floating leaves of an aquatic heterophyllous plant, Potamogeton octandrus Poir, were sequenced using a high-throughput sequencing technique (RNA-Seq), which aims to assist with the gene discovery and functional studies of genes involved in heterophyllous leaf development. A total of 81,103 unigenes were identified from the submerged and floating leaves, and a total of 6,822 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing the samples from each developmental stage. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis categorized these unigenes into 128 pathways (p-value < 10-5). A total of 24,025 differentially expressed genes were involved in the carbon metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of amino acids, ribosomes, and plant-pathogen interaction. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis categorized a total of 70 DEGs into plant hormone signal transduction pathways. This study describes the initial results of the high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of heterophylly. Understanding the transcriptomes of floating and submerged leaves of the aquatic plant P. octandrus will assist with gene cloning and functional studies of genes involved in leaf development. This is especially the case with those involved in heterophyllous leaf development.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate metabolism of Xylella fastidiosa: Detection of glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway enzymes and cloning and expression of the enolase gene

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agda Paula Facincani ◽  
Jesus Aparecido Ferro ◽  
João Martins Pizauro Jr. ◽  
Haroldo Alves Pereira Jr. ◽  
Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Cloning And Expression
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