scholarly journals Idiosyncratic liver pigment alterations of five frog species in response to contrasting land use patterns in the Brazilian Cerrado

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9751
Author(s):  
Lilian Franco-Belussi ◽  
Diogo B. Provete ◽  
Rinneu E. Borges ◽  
Classius De Oliveira ◽  
Lia Raquel S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
New Perspective

Background Changes in land use trigger environmental changes that can lead to decreased biodiversity and species loss. The liver is an essential detoxification organ that reflects systemic physiological responses to environmental changes. Here, we tested whether contrasting land use patterns influence the amount of substances from the hepatic cellular catabolism and melanomacrophages (MMs) of five anuran species in the Brazilian Cerrado. Methods We collected the same five species of pond-dwelling frogs in one protected area and in an area with intense agricultural activity. We used routine histological and histochemical techniques to quantify the area occupied by lipofuscin, melanin, and hemosiderin in the liver of two frogs Leptodactylus fuscus, Physalaemus cuvieri, and three tree-frogs Dendropsophus minutus, Scinax fuscomarginatus, and Boana albopunctata. We classified land use types in a buffer around each pond based on satellite images. We then used a double-constrained Correspondence Analysis, a recently developed ecological method to relate functional traits to environmental variables, to test the effect of each land use type on the area of each liver pigment. Results There was an increase in the amount of melanin in environments with high proportion of agriculture, as well as variation in the amount of lipofuscin and hemosiderin. Liver pigments of P. cuvieri and B. albopunctata varied more strongly in response to land use types, suggesting they could be good indicator species. Therefore, the area of MMs in the liver and the metabolic products in their cytoplasm can be used as biomarkers of environmental changes in regions with intense agricultural activities. Our results add a new perspective to the influence of land use patterns on environmental health by highlighting the effect of environmental changes on internal morphological aspects of animals.

scholarly journals Idiosyncratic liver alterations of five frog species to land use changes in the Brazilian Cerrado

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Franco-Belussi ◽  
Diogo B. Provete ◽  
Rinneu Elias Borges ◽  
Classius de Oliveira ◽  
Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Ecological Methods

AbstractChanges in land use trigger environmental changes that can lead to decreased biodiversity and species loss. The liver is an essential detoxification organ that reflects systemic physiological responses to environmental changes. Here, we tested whether land use changes influence the amount of substances from the hepatic cellular catabolism and melanomacrophages of five anuran species in the Brazilian Cerrado. We used routine histological and histochemical techniques. We then use recently developed ecological methods to relate functional traits to environmental variables. There was an increase in the amount of melanin in environments with high proportion of agriculture, as well as variation in the amount of lipofuscin and hemosiderin. Therefore, the area of melanomacrophages in the liver and the metabolic products in their cytoplasm can be used as biomarkers of environmental changes in regions with intense agricultural activities. Our results add a new perspective to the influence of land use changes on environmental health by highlighting the effect of environmental changes on internal morphological aspects of animals.

scholarly journals Variation in the Continuity of Land-Use Patterns through the First Millennium AD in Lowland Britain

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Stephen Rippon ◽  
Ralph Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
First Millennium

AbstractThis paper explores the contribution that palaeoenvironmental evidence, and in particular palynology, is making to our understanding of landscape evolution in Britain during the 1st millenniumAD. This was a period of profound social and economic change including a series of invasions, some associated with a mass folk migration. Archaeologists and historians continue to debate the significance of these events, and palaeoenvironmental evidence is now starting to provide an additional perspective. Key to this has been obtaining pollen sequences, although there remains a need for more evidence from lowland areas, alongside higher resolution sampling and improved dating. It is suggested that although the 1st millenniumADsaw some significant long-term shifts in climate, these are unlikely to have had a significant causal effect on landscape change in lowland areas (both in areas with and without significant Anglo-Saxon immigration). The analysis of pollen data from across Britain shows very marked regional variations in the major land-use types (arable, woodland, improved pasture, and unimproved pasture) throughout the Roman and Early Medieval periods. While Britain ceasing to be part of the Roman empire appears to have led to a decline in the intensity of agriculture, it was the ‘long 8th c.’ (the later 7th to early 9th c.) that saw a more profound change, with a period of investment, innovation, and intensification, including an expansion in arable cultivation.

scholarly journals A comparison between soil loss evaluation index and the C-factor of RUSLE: a case study in the Loess Plateau of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 2739-2748 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Zhao ◽  
B. J. Fu ◽  
L. D. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Low Area ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
High Area ◽  
Land Use Types

Abstract. Land use and land cover are most important in quantifying soil erosion. Based on the C-factor of the popular soil erosion model, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and a scale-pattern-process theory in landscape ecology, we proposed a multi-scale soil loss evaluation index (SL) to evaluate the effects of land use patterns on soil erosion. We examined the advantages and shortcomings of SL for small watershed (SLsw) by comparing to the C-factor used in RUSLE. We used the Yanhe watershed located on China's Loess Plateau as a case study to demonstrate the utilities of SLsw. The SLsw calculation involves the delineations of the drainage network and sub-watershed boundaries, the calculations of soil loss horizontal distance index, the soil loss vertical distance index, slope steepness, rainfall-runoff erosivity, soil erodibility, and cover and management practice. We used several extensions within the geographic information system (GIS), and AVSWAT2000 hydrological model to derive all the required GIS layers. We compared the SLsw with the C-factor to identify spatial patterns to understand the causes for the differences. The SLsw values for the Yanhe watershed are in the range of 0.15 to 0.45, and there are 593 sub-watersheds with SLsw values that are lower than the C-factor values (LOW) and 227 sub-watersheds with SLsw values higher than the C-factor values (HIGH). The HIGH area have greater rainfall-runoff erosivity than LOW area for all land use types. The cultivated land is located on the steeper slope or is closer to the drainage network in the horizontal direction in HIGH area in comparison to LOW area. The results imply that SLsw can be used to identify the effect of land use distribution on soil loss, whereas the C-factor has less power to do it. Both HIGH and LOW areas have similar soil erodibility values for all land use types. The average vertical distances of forest land and sparse forest land to the drainage network are shorter in LOW area than that in HIGH area. Other land use types have shorter average vertical distances in HIGH area than that LOW area. SLsw has advantages over C-factor in its ability to specify the subwatersheds that require the land use patterns optimization by adjusting the locations of land uses to minimize soil loss.

scholarly journals Comparing and modelling land use organization in cities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 150449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Lenormand ◽  
Miguel Picornell ◽  
Oliva G. Cantú-Ros ◽  
Thomas Louail ◽  
Ricardo Herranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Simple Interaction

The advent of geolocated information and communication technologies opens the possibility of exploring how people use space in cities, bringing an important new tool for urban scientists and planners, especially for regions where data are scarce or not available. Here we apply a functional network approach to determine land use patterns from mobile phone records. The versatility of the method allows us to run a systematic comparison between Spanish cities of various sizes. The method detects four major land use types that correspond to different temporal patterns. The proportion of these types, their spatial organization and scaling show a strong similarity between all cities that breaks down at a very local scale, where land use mixing is specific to each urban area. Finally, we introduce a model inspired by Schelling's segregation, able to explain and reproduce these results with simple interaction rules between different land uses.

scholarly journals The Hidden Characteristics of Land-Use Mix Indices: An Overview and Validity Analysis Based on the Land Use in Melbourne, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1898
Author(s):  
Jiacheng Jiao ◽  
John Rollo ◽  
Baibai Fu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
City Center ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Land Use Mix

The land-use mix index is a way to quantify the mixture of land-use patterns. Due to practical limitations, few studies have highlighted the validity of land-use mix indices. This paper aims to explore the potential characteristics of land-use mix indices using a three-step screening method. The data precision of indices was concluded after the first-step screening. A total of 10 virtual blocks and 217 blocks in Melbourne city center served as a case study and reflected the various land-use structures. The randomized controlled comparative trial was incorporated into the second- and third-screening to indicate the applicable condition and validity. The results illustrate that the value Herfindahl–Hirschman index related to the diversity of land-use types. The results also confirmed that Dissimilarity index-I was significantly associated with the balance status of the land-use mix. Entropy index reflects the evenness but did not correlate to the diversity or balance of the land-use mix. In addition, the study also provides a set of general recommendations for the application conditions of land-use mix indices.

scholarly journals The Variation of Water Quality in Three Land Use Types in U Minh Ha National Park, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam Using Multivariate Statistical Approaches

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1501
Author(s):  
Van Du Le ◽  
Thanh Giao Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Dan Truong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
National Park ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi

This study was conducted to assess the water quality affected by different land use patterns in U Minh Ha National Park, Ca Mau, Vietnam. This study determined the water quality characteristics in three land use types (Acacia hybrid, planted melaleuca cajuputi, and natural melaleuca cajuputi) at different plant ages on two acid sulfate soil layers in the rainy season (8/2018) and dry season (4/2019) using nine water quality parameters. Multivariate statistical analyses were applied to evaluate the correlation and spatial and temporal variations in the water quality. The study results showed that the water quality in S-ASS was more polluted than that in D-ASS, characterized by low pH; the EC, organic matters (BOD and COD), nutrients (N-NH4+ and N-NO3−), and metal ions (Al3+ and Fe3+) were high; and the EC, BOD, COD, Al3+, and N-NO3− were determined high in D-ASS. The NMC area was noted to have high concentrations of organic matters and nutrients, while the factors specific to acidic soil were found to be higher in the AH and PMC areas. The water quality in the rainy season tended to be more polluted than that in the dry season. The cluster analysis grouped the land use patterns on S-ASS and D-ASS in both seasons into four groups, with a clear similarity between the wet and dry seasons in the areas at various plant ages. The seasonal variations of the water quality of the three land use types were distinguished by the main parameters, including pH, EC, BOD, N-NO3−, and Al3+ (S-ASS) and EC, BOD, N-NO3−, N-NH4+, and Fe3+ (D-ASS). Therefore, there is a need for better water management measures in the rainy season and focus on the key parameters causing water quality variations in each area. The findings in this study provided important information for the future water quality monitoring for both agricultural production and conservation in the national park.

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