scholarly journals Soil macro-fauna respond to environmental variations along a coastal-inland gradient

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9532
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Zheng ◽  
Yan Tao ◽  
Zhongqiang Wang ◽  
Chen Ma ◽  
Hong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Indicator Taxa ◽  
Faunal Communities ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
The Individual

Varied environmental conditions in coastal-inland zones tend to influence soil faunal communities. However, few studies have focused on the responses of soil fauna to environmental variations along the coastal-inland gradient. In order to better understand the aforementioned responses, a total of 80 soil macro-faunal samples were collected at the five different distances from the coastline of China’s Bohai Bay. The results revealed that the compositions, structural characteristics and diversity of the soil macro-fauna varied among the different habitats. With the increases in the distance from the sea, the individual density, richness and diversity levels of the soil macro-fauna all first increased and then decreased. The individual density, richness and diversity values were all at their maximum at 30 km from the sea. The Edge effect promoted unique and rare soil macro-faunal taxa. Formicidae, Curculionidae and Aphodiidae were found to be the edge taxa. Agelenidae, Liocranidae and Nematocera were considered to be indicator taxa of severe sea effects. Paradoxosomatidae was an indicator taxon of slight effects. Overall, the environmental variations along the coastal-inland gradient were found to have the potential to affect the soil macro-faunal communities, and the different taxa of the soil macro-fauna responded to those variations in different ways. This study further revealed the processes and mechanisms of the sea influencing the soil macro-faunal communities, which had been caused by the coastal-inland gradient. The results of this study also provided a theoretical basis for developing future biodiversity guidelines for coastal ecosystems.

scholarly journals Inter and intraspecies comparison of the level of selected bacterial phyla in in cattle and sheep based on feces

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Szeligowska ◽  
Paulina Cholewińska ◽  
Katarzyna Czyż ◽  
Konrad Wojnarowski ◽  
Marzena Janczak
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
As Species ◽  
Individual Host ◽  
Host Effect ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background The microbiome of the digestive tract of ruminants contains microbial ecosystem that is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. The subject of this study concerns the influence of selected genetic factors, such as species of animals and “host” individual differences on the digestive tract microbiome composition. The results show the core microbiological composition (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) of ruminants digestive tract (based on feces) depending on breed and “host”. The Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla are the most abundant in ruminants digestive tract. The aim of the study was to determine the differences prevalence level of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla in feces of Charolaise cattle and Polish Olkuska Sheep with respect to intra- and inter-species variability. Results The research group in the experiment consisted of animals at the age of 3 months kept in the same environmental conditions – rams of Polish Olkuska Sheep (n = 10) and Charolaise bulls (n = 10). Feces were collected individually from each animal (animals without disease symptoms were selected), living on the same environmental conditions. The analysis of the results in terms of species showed differences in the Firmicutes phylum level and Lactobacillaceae family between rams and bulls. Subsequently, the analysis performed for the “host effect” showed differentiation in the levels of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla between individuals in a group and also between the groups. Conclusion The obtained results suggest that, apart from the diet and the environment, the species and the individual host are equally important factors influencing the microbiological composition of the digestive system of ruminants.

Synthetic Transfer Zone Characterization Using Seismic Attributes: An Example from the Parihaka Fault System in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-73
Author(s):  
Pierre Karam ◽  
Shankar Mitra ◽  
Kurt Marfurt ◽  
Brett M. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Seismic Attributes ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Structural Interpretation ◽  
Transfer Zones ◽  
Seismic Characterization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Transfer Zone

Synthetic transfer zones develop between fault segments which dip in the same direction, with relay ramps connecting the fault blocks separated by the different fault segments. The characteristics of the transfer zones are controlled by the lithology, deformation conditions, and strain magnitude. The Parihaka fault is a NE-SW trending set of three major en-echelon faults connected by relay ramps in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The structure in the basin is defined by extension during two episodes of deformation between the late Cretaceous and Paleocene and between the Late Miocene and recent. To better understand the evolution of a synthetic transfer zone, we study the geometry and secondary faulting between the individual fault segments in the Parihaka fault system using structural interpretation of 3D seismic data and seismic attributes. This interpretation allows for a unique application of seismic attributes to better study transfer zones. Seismic attributes, including coherence, dip, and curvature are effective tools to understand the detailed geometry and variation in displacement on the individual faults, the nature of secondary faulting along the transfer zones, and the relationship between the faults and drape folds. Seismic characterization of the fault system of Miocene to Pliocene age horizons highlights variations in the degree of faulting, deformation, and growth mechanism associated with different stages of transfer zone development. Coherence, dip, and curvature attributes show a direct correlation with structural parameters such as deformation, folding, and breaching of relay ramps.. All three attributes enhance the visualization of the major and associated secondary faults and better constrain their tectonic history. The observed correlation between seismic attributes and structural characteristics of transfer zones can significantly improve structural interpretation and exploration workflow.

scholarly journals Isolated individuals and groups show opposite preferences toward humidity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Calvo Martín ◽  
Stamatios C. Nicolis ◽  
Isaac Planas-Sitjà ◽  
Jean-Christophe de Biseau ◽  
Jean-Louis Deneubourg
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractCockroaches, like most social arthropods, are led to choose collectively among different alternative resting places. These decisions are modulated by different factors, such as environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity) and sociality (groups size, nature of communications). The aim of this study is to establish the interplay between environmental conditions and the modulation of the interactions between individuals within a group leading to an inversion of preferences. We show that the preferences of isolated cockroaches and groups of 16 individuals, on the selection of the relative humidity of a shelter are inversed and shed light on the mechanisms involved. We suggest that the relative humidity has a multi-level influence on cockroaches, manifested as an attractant effect at the individual level and as a negative effect at the group level, modulating the interactions.

scholarly journals Variación en la abundancia de árboles maderables por efecto de borde en un bosque tropical subcaducifolio

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Abraham Vargas-Vázquez ◽  
Crystian Sadiel Venegas-Barrera ◽  
Arturo Mora-Olivo ◽  
José Guadalupe Martínez-Ávalos ◽  
Eduardo Alanís-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Bursera Simaruba ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Favorable Conditions

<p><strong>Background: </strong>The edge effect differentially affects the species in their life stages. We analyzed the environmental conditions associated with the abundance by life stage of four species of timber trees on the edge of a subdeciduous tropical forest.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Hypothesis:</strong> The edges have higher light incidence and temperature, favorable conditions for the seedlings, so it is expected that the edge will have more abundance of seedlings with respect to the forest interior.</p><p><strong>Species under study:</strong> <em>Bursera simaruba</em> (L.) Sarg.<em>, Cedrela odorata</em> L.<em>, Guazuma ulmifolia </em>Lam.<em>, Lysiloma divaricatum </em>(Jacq.) J.F. Macbr.</p><p><strong>Study site and dates:</strong> Reserva de la Biosfera "El Cielo" (Tamaulipas), Mexico. January-December 2016.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The abundance by life stages and environmental conditions were quantified within the gradient. These variables were correlated, in addition the requirements between stages were contrasted and they were associated with the identified environments.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> <em>Guazuma ulmifolia</em> showed a negative response to the edge effect, while <em>Cedrela</em> <em>odorata</em> responded positively. The environmental requirements differed between the first life stages and adults. The abundance of the seedlings was associated to conditions of higher light incidence.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Environmental requirements differentially affect each life stage. The abundance of seedlings increases in conditions of higher light incidence, but not in the rest of the stages, except in <em>C. odorata</em>. The loss of cover and the consequent formation of borders can lead to a reduction in the abundance of these species, with economic implications.

scholarly journals A SOCIO-RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF SPORTS-TAGGED CONTENT PRODUCED BY YOUTUBERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
Roselis Natalina Mazzuchetti ◽  
Vinicios Mazzuchetti ◽  
Adalberto Dias de Souza ◽  
Ismael Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Multiple Users ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organizational Reality ◽  
Hybrid Methodology ◽  
Analytical Device

This research proposes a socio-rhetorical analysis of videos posted on YouTube under the tag “Sports”, specifically the regular content created by users, so-called YouTubers. The theoretical basis contemplates the concept of technology – based on the works by Viera Pinto (2005) – and participatory cultured – mainly guided by ideas from Shirky (2008, 2011). The analytical device is derived from work by Swales (1990, 1998, 2004), Askehave & Swales (2001), and Miller (1998, 2012). A hybrid methodology was created, resulting from the sociological and linguistic concepts applied to the organizational reality of virtual massive communication. The analysis decomposes the video in rhetorical movements. We follow the hypothesis that the main purpose of such communicational practices is self-promotion of the individual who produce the YouTube channel, or the promotion of the brand of which constitutes the channel produced by multiple users. Furthermore, the self-promotion and widening of audience is pursued with financial purpose.

Environmental Conditions of the Work Organization for the Disabled People

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
Ewa Górska
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Company

A disabled person in a company is affected by a number of various environmental conditions. Among these the most important are such as organizational, technical, social, economic and, finally, legal working conditions. The standard and quality of the just mentioned conditions determine significantly the way in which a disabled person performs the assigned tasks and duties in the company and it also helps to create the individual sense of self-fulfillment and work satisfaction. What is more, at the same time the level of environmental conditions influences directly work efficiency and profits of the company. It must be clearly stated that working conditions do not appear immediately and spontaneously - they need careful planning and modern organization. This research paper presents the environmental conditions and discusses a model design of the work organization for the disabled people.

Some Biomedical Indicators in Chronogenetics

1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
M. Milani Comparetti ◽  
D.P. Pace ◽  
F. Britti ◽  
D. Casini
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Differential Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Phenotypical Variability ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

All living beings are variously conditioned by both continuous and repetitive chronological phenomena.The greater biochemical complexity afforded by the genome of higher organisms contributes to increase their independence from environmental chronological phenomena (= increased homeostasis). Genetic variability (originated by mutations and required for evolutionary adaptation) extends its influence on the biochemical mechanisms of homeostasis.Phenotypical variability, if prevailing environmental conditions are constant, is based on genotypical variability. Thus the variability observed in the duration of homeostatic mechanisms must be genotypical.In current chronogenetical theory, Gedda and Brenci's concept of the Ergon) Chronon System provides the explanation for the observed variability in the duration of homeostatic phenomena; in this concept, the differential stability of genie information explains the variation of patterns of senescence in different individuals. From the viewpoint of the continuity of life, senescence must be considered as “physiological”, but its individual, especially initial degenerative manifestations are generally considered as pathological. The fundamental applications of chronogenetics to the human species are to be aimed in this direction.Individual phenomena of senescence may be more or less linear; the pattern of the respective curves may be common to the entire species, or else it may afford varying degrees of variability. The ascertainment of the respective curves (for which some indicators may serve as examples) is a prerequisite for the application of chronogenetics to the individual, framing him within his genealogy and providing great potential developments for preventive medicine.

Moderate Environmental Variation Across Generations Promotes the Evolution of Robust Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Milano ◽  
Jônata Tyska Carvalho ◽  
Stefano Nolfi
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Computation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Robust Solutions ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Moderate Rate ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Computational Budget

Previous evolutionary studies demonstrated how robust solutions can be obtained by evaluating agents multiple times in variable environmental conditions. Here we demonstrate how agents evolved in environments that vary across generations outperform agents evolved in environments that remain fixed. Moreover, we demonstrate that best performance is obtained when the environment varies at a moderate rate across generations, that is, when the environment does not vary every generation but every N generations. The advantage of exposing evolving agents to environments that vary across generations at a moderate rate is due, at least in part, to the fact that this condition maximizes the retention of changes that alter the behavior of the agents, which in turn facilitates the discovery of better solutions. Finally, we demonstrate that moderate environmental variations are advantageous also from an evolutionary computation perspective, that is, from the perspective of maximizing the performance that can be achieved within a limited computational budget.

Geomorphology induces life history changes in invertebrates of sandy beaches: the case of the mole crab Emerita analoga in Chile

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Brazeiro
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Emerita Analoga ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Life History Patterns

The hypothesis that vital functions of one of the most successful macroinvertebrates of sandy beaches of Chile, the mole crab Emerita analoga are negatively affected by the environmental conditions of reflective beaches was tested. Twelve exposed sandy beaches distributed along 200 km of coast of central Chile, and selected to cover a wide morphodynamic spectrum were sampled every two months from April 1997 to November 1998. Significant phenotypic differences among local populations of the sand crab were detected. Important life history traits of the sand crab, linked to growth pattern, reproductive biology and burrowing capacity, were negatively affected by the environmental conditions of reflective beaches. The present results reinforce the view that environmental variations associated with beach morphodynamics, play a critical role in the life history patterns of sandy beach organisms.

The Local Structure Research on the Nanpu 5th Construct

2015 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Chun Qiu ◽  
Ming Xue Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yan Lv
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Hydrocarbon Accumulation ◽  
Local Structures ◽  
Huanghua Depression ◽  
Exploration Area ◽  
Structure Research

The Nanpu 5th construct is in the western part of Huanghua Depression Nanpu Sag of Bohai Bay Basin, was a complicated anticline belt that develops between Jian Dong fault and the downthrown side of the southwestern Zhuang fault and the favorable exploration area is 120km2. On the basis of the region's large number of multi-channel seismic data analysis and interpretation, the trap types, structural characteristics and distribution of local structures between the layers of the region are researched. Interlayer local structures in the area are mainly divided into nose structure and small anticline. The fault zone is a structural high in the region, to promote oil and gas to migrate and accumulate to the low-potential zones that become favorable zones for hydrocarbon accumulation, but the real decisive construct parts of the hydrocarbon accumulation is positive local structure in favorable zones which point out the region for hydrocarbon accumulation.

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