scholarly journals Spatial patterns of bat diversity overlap with woodpecker abundance

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9385
Author(s):  
Dorota Kotowska ◽  
Marcin Zegarek ◽  
Grzegorz Osojca ◽  
Andrzej Satory ◽  
Tomas Pärt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Avian Abundance ◽  
Old Trees

Woodpecker diversity is usually higher in natural forests rich in dead wood and old trees than in managed ones, thus this group of birds is regarded as an indicator of forest biodiversity. Woodpeckers excavate cavities which can be subsequently used by several bird species. As a consequence, their abundance indicates high avian abundance and diversity in forests. However, woodpecker-made holes may be also important for other animals, for example, mammals but it has seldom been investigated so far. Here, we examine how well one species, the Great Spotted Woodpecker, predicts species richness, occurrence and acoustic activity of bats in Polish pine forests. In 2011 we conducted woodpecker and bat surveys at 63 point-count sites in forests that varied in terms of stand age, structure and amount of dead wood. From zero to five Great Spotted Woodpeckers at a point-count site were recorded. The total duration of the echolocation calls during a 10-min visit varied from 0 to 542 s and the number of bat species/species groups recorded during a visit ranged between zero to five. The local abundance of the woodpecker was positively correlated with bat species richness (on the verge of significance), bat occurrence and pooled bat activity. The occurrence of Eptesicus and Vespertilio bats and Nyctalus species was positively related with the abundance of the Great Spotted Woodpecker. The activity of Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Eptesicus and Vespertilio bats and a group of Myotis species was not associated with the woodpecker abundance, but echolocation calls of Nyctalus species, P. nathusii and P.pipistrellus were more often at sites with many Great Spotted Woodpeckers. Moreover, the probability of bat presence and the activity of bats was generally higher shortly after dusk and in middle of the summer than in late spring. We suggest that the observed correlations can be driven by similar roosting habitats (e.g., woodpeckers can provide breeding cavities for bats) or possibly by associated invertebrate food resources of woodpeckers and bats. The abundance of Great Spotted Woodpecker seems to be a good positive indicator of bat species richness, occurrence and activity, thus adding a group of relatively cryptic forest species that are indicated by the presence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker.

scholarly journals Patterns of Species Richness and Abundance in Badingilo National Park in South Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Francis Lado ◽  
David Gwolo Phanuel Mogga ◽  
Richard Angelo Lado Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Riverine Habitat ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Point Count Method

The study was carried out to determine patterns of birds’ species richness, alpha and beta diversities; and abundance in Badingilo national park using a 10 m fixed-radius point count method. A total of 2670 individuals were recorded from 182 points in the park. The highest expected number of species (Jack1 estimator) was observed in the Riverine habitat and least was in the Agriculture and Human settlement habitat type. The total number of species observed in the park was 63; however Jack1 estimator indicated that there were 68 species in the park. The majority of the birds observed during the study were resident species, few migratory and Palaearctic bird species. Few birds observed in the park were abundant. The most abundant species was the village weaver (381 individuals), and the rarest species were black-bellied bustard, barn owl, black scimitar bill and tree pipit (one individual each).

scholarly journals Avian assemblage along an urban gradient: diversity, abundance and richness

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mustafa Rashid ◽  
Abida Butt ◽  
Abdul Qadir ◽  
Mirza Habib Ali
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Urban Gradient ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Bird Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avian Assemblages

AbstractDiversity in avian assemblages of urban (UR), peri-urban (PE) and rural (RU) areas was studied to explore variations in the avian community dynamics in rural – urban gradient. For this purpose, sampling was done from September 2013 to August 2015. A total of 35 sites, each covering an area of 300 m2 were sampled by using point count method. At each site, randomly three points (minimally 5 m apart from each other) were selected to study the birds. According to data, species richness (F2, 32=47.18, P<0.001) varied significantly along a rural-urban gradient. A significant difference in avian density per sampling site (F2, 32=105.41, P<0.001) was also observed along urbanization gradient. In PE and RU areas, avian assemblages were more diverse than UR areas. Among avian guilds, omnivores were the most abundant in UR while insectivores in PE areas. Frugivores and carnivores were abundant in RU areas. Granivores were recorded in all habitats with similar diversity. A close association was recorded in bird density of RU and PE areas than UR areas. Bird species richness and diversity showed negative correlation with built area and positive correlation with vegetation cover in an area.

scholarly journals Clearcut Stand Size and Scrub-Successional Bird Assemblages

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Krementz ◽  
Jeffrey S. Christie
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Bird Assemblage ◽  
Mist Net

Abstract We investigated the effects of clearcut stand size on species richness, reproductive effort, and relative abundance of scrub-successional birds and the entire bird assemblage at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. We used standardized mist-net grids to mark and recapture birds in clearcuts replanted with longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) in stands of 2 to 57 ha that were two to six years old. Species richness for the entire bird assemblage was not explained by stand size (P = 0.67), stand age (P = 0.95), or the interaction of these two variables (P = 0.90). Similarly, species richness of scrub-successional birds was not explained by stand size (P = 0.63), stand age (P = 0.55), or the interaction of stand size and stand age (P = 0.35). Regressing species richness on clearcut stand size, we found a significant negative relationship between these variables for the entire bird assemblage (P = 0.01) and for scrub-successional birds (P = 0.02). The ratio of juveniles to adults in mist-net samples varied by year (P = 0.04), but neither clearcut size (P = 0.23) nor the interaction of clearcut size and year (P = 0.25) was related to the ratio of juveniles to adults in the sample. We found no relationship between the frequency of capture of any category of birds and stand size (scrub-successional, P = 0.52; woodland, P = 0.77; combined sample, P = 0.55). Neither bird-species richness, reproductive effort, nor relative abundance differed across clearcut stand sizes. Clearcut stand size does not appear to be an important management variable if variation in species richness, reproductive effort, or relative abundance are objectives. We suggest that even-aged forestry is a useful tool for managing birds in the southeastern United States.

scholarly journals A Double-Observer Approach for Estimating Detection Probability and Abundance From Point Counts

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Nichols ◽  
James E. Hines ◽  
John R. Sauer ◽  
Frederick W. Fallon ◽  
Jane E. Fallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Probability ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Avian Abundance ◽  
Detection Probabilities ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Double Observer

Abstract Although point counts are frequently used in ornithological studies, basic assumptions about detection probabilities often are untested. We apply a double-observer approach developed to estimate detection probabilities for aerial surveys (Cook and Jacobson 1979) to avian point counts. At each point count, a designated “primary” observer indicates to another (“secondary”) observer all birds detected. The secondary observer records all detections of the primary observer as well as any birds not detected by the primary observer. Observers alternate primary and secondary roles during the course of the survey. The approach permits estimation of observer-specific detection probabilities and bird abundance. We developed a set of models that incorporate different assumptions about sources of variation (e.g. observer, bird species) in detection probability. Seventeen field trials were conducted, and models were fit to the resulting data using program SURVIV. Single-observer point counts generally miss varying proportions of the birds actually present, and observer and bird species were found to be relevant sources of variation in detection probabilities. Overall detection probabilities (probability of being detected by at least one of the two observers) estimated using the double-observer approach were very high (>0.95), yielding precise estimates of avian abundance. We consider problems with the approach and recommend possible solutions, including restriction of the approach to fixed-radius counts to reduce the effect of variation in the effective radius of detection among various observers and to provide a basis for using spatial sampling to estimate bird abundance on large areas of interest. We believe that most questions meriting the effort required to carry out point counts also merit serious attempts to estimate detection probabilities associated with the counts. The double-observer approach is a method that can be used for this purpose.

scholarly journals Elevational pattern and seasonality of avian diversity in Kaligandaki River Basin, central Himalaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 16927-16943
Author(s):  
Juna Neupane ◽  
Laxman Khanal ◽  
Basant Gyawali ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Point Count ◽  
The Road

This study explored bird diversity, seasonal variation, and associated factors along an elevational gradient in an important biodiversity area (IBA) of central Nepal: the Kaligandaki River basin of Annapurna Conservation Area.  The field survey was carried out in 2019 over two seasons, winter (January and February) and summer (May and June) using the point count method.  A total of 90 sampling plots were set up from elevations of 800m (Beni) to 3,800m (Muktinath).  Data for variables including the number of fruiting trees (indicator of resource availability) and distance to the road (indicator of disturbance) were collected, and their influence on avian diversity were assessed.  The results revealed a diverse assemblage of avian fauna in the study area with consistent species richness over the two seasons.  A decline in species richness and diversity with increasing elevation was observed.  Of the different habitat types within the study area, forest and shrubland habitats showed the strongest association with bird species distribution and richness.  We emphasize the need for long-term monitoring programs with standardized sampling approaches to better understand the avifauna in the central Himalaya.

scholarly journals Avifaunal Diversity of Institute of Forestry Complex, Hetauda Metropolis, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Santish Bajagain ◽  
Santosh Pokhrel ◽  
Shishila Baniya ◽  
Aavas Pradhan ◽  
Surakchya Paudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Red List ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Bird Habitat

Avifaunal diversity is the measure of species diversity via species richness and evenness. To this aim, avifaunal survey was conducted in the Institute of Forestry Complex, Hetauda from November 2017 to June 2018. Using line transect and point count methods, 132 species of birds were recorded, representing 15 orders and 44 families. Three species of these birds are in IUCN Red List while 90, 27 and 15 species are residential, visitor and migrant respectively. Higher Shannon diversity index (4.47) and Margalef index (18.78) indicate marked diversity and richness of bird species. A high value calculated for the Simpson index (0.98) represents higher evenness within the species individuals. Although, Pielou’s evenness index (0.92) shows uniformity in the species distribution, Shannon index seems to be influenced by diversity index, species richness and evenness values. The avifaunal diversity in the study area shows the importance of the Institute of Forestry Complex as a suitable bird habitat.

scholarly journals Noisy environments: untangling the role of anthropogenic noise on bird species richness in a Neotropical city

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Odette Carral-Murrieta ◽  
Michelle García-Arroyo ◽  
Oscar H. Marín-Gómez ◽  
J. Roberto Sosa-López ◽  
Ian MacGregor-Fors
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Noise ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Bird Richness ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Among urban stimuli, anthropogenic noise has been identified to be one of the behavioral drivers of species that rely on acoustic signals for communication. Studies have shown both species-specific and assemblage responses to urban noise, ranging from the modulation of their acoustic frequencies and spatiotemporal adjustments to declines in species richness. In this study, we assessed the citywide relationship between two anthropogenic noise variables (noise levels recorded during bird surveys and daily average noise levels) and vegetation cover with bird species richness. Methods This study was conducted in the city of Xalapa (Mexico) through a 114 citywide point-count survey. We recorded bird communities at each sampling site. We measured noise levels using a sound level meter while performing point-counts. Then, we generated a map of average daily noise of the city using an array of 61 autonomous recording units distributed across the city of Xalapa and calculated daily noise levels for the 114 points. We ran a linear model (LM) to assess potential relationships between both point-count and daily (24 h) noise values and vegetation cover with bird richness. Results Results from the LM show: (1) a negative relationship between maximum point-count noise and avian species richness, (2) no relationship between 24 h noise and bird species richness, and (3) a positive relationship between vegetation cover and bird species richness. Conclusions Results provide evidence that decreases in urban bird species richness do not necessarily imply the permanent absence of species, suggesting that birds can temporarily fly away from or avoid sites when noisy, become cryptic while noisy events are occurring, or be undetected due to our inability to record them in the field during noisy events.

scholarly journals Species Richness and Birds Conservation Priority in Mount Rinjani Areas, Lombok

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gito Hadiprayitno ◽  
I Gde Mertha ◽  
Moh. Liwa Ilhamdi
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Species Management

<p>Mount Rinjani area on the island of  Lombok is unique in bioecology. It provides habitats for many species of birds, especially birds of Wallacea. Several studies  on birds in this area have been done, but the conservation priority of these birds has not been determined. Based on this condition, the purpose of this research is to determine the priority of birds conservation in mount Rinjani areas. Exploration about the spesies of birds was started from Senaru Village to Segara Anak Lake. Abundance of each bird species was estimated using point count. Data analysis to determine the conservation priority used indicators that consist of endemicity, population status, species threatened and species management. The results showed that the birds species in mount Rinjani  areas are composed of 32 species belonging to 20 families. Bird species that have high abundance were <em>Amandava amandava </em>(15.94%), <em>Zosterops Montanus</em> (15.70%), and <em>Parus major</em> (11.32%), while <em>Ptilinopus melanospila</em> and <em>Anthus novaeseelandiae</em> were in low abundance (0.23%). Analysis birds conservation priority  in mount Rinjani areas indicates that <em>Otus jolandae</em> has the highest score (65) and should be the first priority for the conservation, while <em>Philemon buceroides</em> and <em>Gallus varius</em> with the same score (60) are the second priority.<em> </em></p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Hadiprayitno, G., Mertha, I. G., &amp; Ilhamdi, M. L. (2016). Species Richness and Birds Conservation Priority in Mount Rinjani Areas. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 270-277. </p>

scholarly journals First assessment of bird diversity in the UNESCO Sheka Forest Biosphere Reserve, southwestern Ethiopia: species richness, distribution and potential for avian conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 13850-13867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Van Opstal ◽  
Bernard Oosterlynck ◽  
Million Belay ◽  
Jesse Erens ◽  
Matthias De Beenhouwer
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Degree

The Sheka Zone in southwestern Ethiopia is covered by some of the largest remaining forests in the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot.  Owing to the rich biodiversity and a high degree of endemism, it was declared as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 2012 and is considered a Key Biodiversity Area.  Detailed knowledge on species diversity and distribution in the reserve is, however, severely limited.  From February to April 2016, an assessment of the bird diversity and distribution in the reserve was made for the first time through point count transects, camera-trap recordings and opportunistic observations.  In total, 244 bird species were identified, of which 19% was only found within the reserve’s designated protected zones.  Our study indicates a remarkable bird species richness across the different habitats in Sheka Forest Biosphere Reserve and can be used as a baseline for future monitoring studies and conservation planning.  

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