scholarly journals Description of soft tissue artifacts and related consequences on hindlimb kinematics during canine gait

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9379
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chung Lin ◽  
Shi-Nuan Wang ◽  
Ming Lu ◽  
Tzu-Yi Chao ◽  
Tung-Wu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Soft Tissue Artifacts ◽  
Hindlimb Kinematics ◽  
Source Of Error

Background Soft tissue artifacts (STAs) are a source of error in marker-based gait analysis in dogs. While some studies have revealed the existence of STAs in the canine hindlimb, STAs and their influence on kinematic gait analysis remain unclear. Methods Thirteen healthy Taiwan dogs affixed with twenty skin markers on the thigh and crus were recruited. Soft tissue artifacts and their influence on the determination of segment poses and stifle angles were assessed by simultaneously measuring marker trajectories and kinematics of the underlying bones via a model-based fluoroscopic analysis method. Results Markers on the thigh showed higher STAs than those on the crus, with root-mean-square amplitudes up to 15.5 mm. None of the tested marker clusters were able to accurately reproduce the skeletal poses, in which the maximum root-mean-square deviations ranged from 3.4° to 8.1°. The use of markers resulted in overestimated stifle flexion during 40–60% of the gait cycle and underestimated stifle flexion during 80–90% of the gait cycle. Conclusions Considerable magnitudes and effects of STAs on the marker-based 3D gait analysis of dogs were demonstrated. The results indicate that the development of error-compensation techniques based on knowledge regarding STAs is warranted for more accurate gait analysis.

scholarly journals Rapid determination of tannin in Danshen and Guanxinning injections using UV spectrophotometry for quality control

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850034
Author(s):  
Hongxia Huang ◽  
Yuanyuan Lv ◽  
Xiaoyi Sun ◽  
Shuangshuang Fu ◽  
Xuefang Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Tannin Content

A technique for the determination of tannin content in traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMI) was developed based on ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. Chemometrics were used to construct a mathematical model of absorption spectrum and tannin reference content of Danshen and Guanxinning injections, and the model was verified and applied. The results showed that the established UV-based spectral partial least squares regression (PLS) tannin content model performed well with a correlation coefficient ([Formula: see text]) of 0.952, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 0.476[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml, root mean square error of validation (RMSEV) of 1.171[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml, and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.465[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml. Pattern recognition models using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and [Formula: see text] nearest neighbor ([Formula: see text]-NN) classifiers based on UV spectrum could successfully classify different types of injections and different manufacturers. The established method to measure tannin content based on UV spectroscopy is simple, rapid and reliable and provides technical support for quality control of tannin in Chinese medicine injections.

Estimation of Gait Independence Using a Tri-Axial Accelerometer in Stroke Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Kijima ◽  
Ryoji Kiyama ◽  
Masaki Sekine ◽  
Toshiyo Tamura ◽  
Toshiro Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Gait Quality ◽  
Healthy Control

The purpose of this study was to clarify whether a gait analysis using an accelerometer could estimate gait independence. Eighty-six stroke patients and 21 healthy control subjects participated in this study. Stroke patients were identified as dependent or independent based on their gait ability. The acceleration of the trunk and bilateral thigh was measured using three wireless sensors during walking. The root mean square, gait regularity, and symmetry were calculated from the acceleration to estimate gait quality. ANCOVA showed that gait regularity of the trunk and bilateral thigh were significantly lowest in the dependent group, regardless of gait velocity. A logistic regression analysis showed that the regularity and root mean square of the anteroposterior acceleration of the unaffected thigh were the key factors for estimating gait independence. This study suggests that an acceleration-based gait analysis facilities gait independence estimation, and is a useful tool during the rehabilitation of stroke patients.

Detecting pneumatic actuator leakage using acoustic emission monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
H Mahmoud ◽  
P Mazal ◽  
F Vlašic
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Pneumatic Cylinder ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Emission Testing ◽  
Acoustic Emission Testing ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pneumatic Cylinders

This paper focuses on the development of an efficient new diagnostic procedure for checking the function of pneumatic cylinders using acoustic emission. This diagnostic procedure is able to detect distinctive differences that determine whether the cylinder is damaged or undamaged. Moreover, the paper aims to find the diagnostic criteria that can be used to evaluate the pneumatic cylinder and detect defects. In this study, acoustic emission testing of several undamaged cylinders is carried out before artificial defects are created in each one. The signals from the progress and retreat strokes are recorded and analysed according to many parameters. The root mean square is normalised and the different responses of damaged and undamaged pneumatic cylinders are recognised by the time delay of the strokes. The differences are identified by comparing the maximum root mean square from sensor A and the maximum root mean square from sensor B for one cycle in the retreat stroke. The damaged and undamaged cylinders are distinguished using the difference in energy values present in the signals of the two sensors in the retreat stroke. The final evaluation of the cylinder is determined by calculating the total value of the root mean square. This paper is a continuation of a prior article and the extension of that work.

Determination of Loganin in Qiju Dihuang Pills by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1978-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Xia Xie ◽  
Hai Yan Gong ◽  
Jian Ying Liu ◽  
Jing Wei Lei ◽  
Xiao Yan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Mean Square

To establish a rapid analytical method for Loganin in Qiju Dihuang Pills (condensed) by Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Technique. Collecting NIR spectra by NIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, the partial least square calibration model was built. The correlation coefficients (R2) and the root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) were 0.99764 and 0.09340, respectively. In the external validation,coefficients of determination (r2) between NIRS and HPLC values was 0.97348,the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.08491. The results showed that the method was rapid, accurate, and could be applied to the fast determination of Loganin in Qiju Dihuang Pills (condensed).

Application of Chemometrics for Spectral Resolving and Determination of Three Analgesics in Water Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M Yehia ◽  
Heba T Elbalkiny ◽  
Safa’a M Riad ◽  
Yasser S Elsaharty
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Curve Resolution ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Abstract Background: Chemometrics is a discipline that allows the spectral resolution of drugs in a complicated matrix (e.g., environmental water samples) as an alternative to chromatographic methods. Objective: Three analgesics were traced in wastewater samples with simple and cost-effective multivariate approaches using spectrophotometric data. Methods and Results: Four chemometric approaches were applied for the simultaneous determination of diclofenac, paracetamol, and ibuprofen. Partial least squares (PLS), principal component regression (PCR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and multivariate curve resolution (MCR)–alternating least squares (ALS) were selected. The presented methods were compared and validated for their qualitative and quantitative analyses. Moreover, statistical comparison between the results obtained by the proposed methods and the official methods showed no significant differences. Conclusions: The proposed multivariate calibrations were accurate and specific for quantitative analysis of the studied components. MCR-ALS is the only method that has the capacity for both the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the studied drugs. Highlights: Four chemometric approaches were used for analysis of severally overlapped ternary mixture of three analgesics. The analytical performance of PCR, PLS, MCR-ALS, and ANN was compared and validated in terms of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), SE of prediction, and recoveries. ANN gave the highest predicted concentrations with the lowest RMSEC and root mean square error of prediction. MCR-ALS has the capacity for both qualitative and quantitative measurement. The methods have been effectively applied for real samples and compared to official methods.

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