scholarly journals Proliferating activity in a bryozoan lophophore

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Shunatova ◽  
Ilya Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Oral Region ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Proliferating Activity ◽  
Electra Pilosa

Bryozoans are small benthic colonial animals; their colonies consist of zooids which are composed of a cystid and polypide. According to morphological and molecular data, three classes of bryozoans are recognized: Phylactolaemata, Gymnolaemata and Stenolaemata. Bryozoans are active suspension feeders and their feeding apparatus, the lophophore, is fringed with a single row of ciliated tentacles. In gymnolaemates, the lophophore is bell-shaped and its tentacles may be equal in length (equitentacled lophophores) or some tentacles may be longer than others (obliquely truncated lophophores). In encrusting colonies, polypides with obliquely truncated lophophores usually border specific sites of excurrent water outlets (colony periphery and chimneys) where depleted water has to be removed. It is known that during colony astogeny, colony-wide water currents rearrange: new chimneys are formed and/or location of the chimneys within a given colony changes with time. Such rearrangement requires remodeling of the lophophore shape and lengthening of some tentacles in polypides surrounding water outlets. However, proliferating activity has not been described for bryozoans. Here, we compared the distribution of S-phase and mitotic cells in young and adult polypides in three species of Gymnolaemata. We tested the hypothesis that tentacle growth/elongation is intercalary and cell proliferation takes place somewhere at the lophophore base because such pattern does not interfere with the feeding process. We also present a detailed description of ultrastructure of two parts of the lophophore base: the oral region and ciliated pits, and uncover the possible function of the latter. The presence of stem cells within the ciliated pits and the oral region of polypides provide evidence that both sites participate in tentacle elongation. This confirms the suggested hypothesis about intercalary tentacle growth which provides a potential to alter a lophophore shape in adult polypides according to rearrangement of colony wide water currents during colony astogeny. For the first time deuterosome-like structures were revealed during kinetosome biogenesis in the prospective multiciliated epithelial cells in invertebrates. Tentacle regeneration experiments in Electra pilosa demonstrated that among all epidermal cell types, only non-ciliated cells at the abfrontal tentacle surface are responsible for wound healing. Ciliated cells on the frontal and lateral tentacle surfaces are specialized and unable to proliferate, not even under wound healing. Tentacle regeneration in E. pilosa is very slow and similar to the morphallaxis type. We suggest that damaged tentacles recover their length by a mechanism similar to normal growth, powered by proliferation of cells both within ciliated pits and the oral region.

New Ultrastructural Observations on Injury and Regeneration of Cilia in Mammalian Conducting Airway Epithelium

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
J.L. Carson ◽  
A.M. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Conducting Airway ◽  
Conducting Airways

The ciliated cells lining the conducting airways of mammals are integral to the defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract, functioning in coordination with secretory cells in the removal of inhaled and cellular debris. The effects of various infectious and toxic agents on the structure and function of airway epithelial cell cilia have been studied in our laboratory, both of which have been shown to affect ciliary ultrastructure.These observations have led to questions about ciliary regeneration as well as the possible induction of ciliogenesis in response to cellular injury. Classical models of ciliogenesis in the conducting airway epithelium of the mammalian respiratory tract have been based primarily on observations of the developing fetal lung. These observations provide a plausible explanation for the embryological generation of ciliary beds lining the conducting airways but do little to account for subsequent differentiation of ciliated cells and ciliogenesis during normal growth and development.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wild-Type and ΔF508 Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator in Human Respiratory Epithelia

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2154-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia M. Kreda ◽  
Marcus Mall ◽  
April Mengos ◽  
Lori Rochelle ◽  
James Yankaskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Δf508 Cftr ◽  
Cftr Protein ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane

Previous studies in native tissues have produced conflicting data on the localization and metabolic fate of WT and ΔF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) in the lung. Combining immunocytochemical and biochemical studies utilizing new high-affinity CFTR mAbs with ion transport assays, we examined both 1) the cell type and region specific expression of CFTR in normal airways and 2) the metabolic fate of ΔF508 CFTR and associated ERM proteins in the cystic fibrosis lung. Studies of lungs from a large number of normal subjects revealed that WT CFTR protein localized to the apical membrane of ciliated cells within the superficial epithelium and gland ducts. In contrast, other cell types in the superficial, gland acinar, and alveolar epithelia expressed little WT CFTR protein. No ΔF508 CFTR mature protein or function could be detected in airway specimens freshly excised from a large number of ΔF508 homozygous subjects, despite an intact ERM complex. In sum, our data demonstrate that WT CFTR is predominantly expressed in ciliated cells, and ΔF508 CFTR pathogenesis in native tissues, like heterologous cells, reflects loss of normal protein processing.

Fibronectin is overproduced by keloid fibroblasts during abnormal wound healing

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1642-1650
Author(s):  
M Babu ◽  
R Diegelmann ◽  
N Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
State Level ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Fibronectin Receptor ◽  
Coordinate Regulation ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Keloid Fibroblasts

Wound healing in certain individuals leads to the development of keloid tumors which exhibit abnormal collagen metabolism and an increased abundance of extracellular matrix components. Comparison of fibronectin levels in fibroblasts derived from keloids and normal dermis revealed a relative increase in intracellular and extracellular fibronectin in the keloid-derived cells. While fibronectin was similarly processed, compartmentalized, and degraded by both cell types, fibronectin biosynthesis was found to be accelerated as much as fourfold in keloid fibroblasts due to a corresponding increase in the amount of accumulated fibronectin mRNA. These changes account for the elevated steady-state level of the molecule in keloid fibroblasts and suggest that increased fibronectin in keloid lesions is due to overproduction by the wound-healing fibroblasts. Glucocorticoid treatment stimulated fibronectin biosynthesis in both normal and keloid fibroblasts. However, the amount of stimulation was less for the keloid-derived cells, indicating a limitation on maximal rates of fibronectin biosynthesis. These observations suggest that separate mechanisms act to control basal and maximal rates of fibronectin production. Biosynthesis of the 140-kilodalton fibronectin receptor was also found to be increased in keloid fibroblasts, suggesting some level of coordinate regulation for fibronectin and fibronectin receptor expression.

Nanotopography-Modulated Epithelial Cell Collective Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1087
Author(s):  
Zaozao Chen ◽  
Qiwei Li ◽  
Shihui Xu ◽  
Jun Ouyang ◽  
Hongmei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Collective Migration ◽  
Epithelial Migration ◽  
Activity Dependent

Matrix nanotopography plays an essential role in regulating cell behaviors including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. While studies on isolated single cell migration along the nanostructural orientation have been reported for various cell types, there remains a lack of understanding of how nanotopography regulates the behavior of collectively migrating cells during processes such as epithelial wound healing. We demonstrated that collective migration of epithelial cells was promoted on nanogratings perpendicular to, but not on those parallel to, the wound-healing axis. We further discovered that nanograting-modulated epithelial migration was dominated by the adhesion turnover process, which was Rho-associated protein kinase activity-dependent, and the lamellipodia protrusion at the cell leading edge, which was Rac1-GTPase activity-dependent. This work provides explanations to the distinct migration behavior of epithelial cells on nanogratings, and indicates that the effect of nanotopographic modulations on cell migration is cell-type dependent and involves complex mechanisms

scholarly journals Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells improve epidermal homeostasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Moriyama ◽  
Shunya Sahara ◽  
Kaori Zaiki ◽  
Ayumi Ueno ◽  
Koichi Nakaoji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells ◽  
Collagen Vitrigel

AbstractWound healing is regulated by complex interactions between the keratinocytes and other cell types including fibroblasts. Recently, adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have been reported to influence wound healing positively via paracrine involvement. However, their roles in keratinocytes are still obscure. Therefore, investigation of the precise effects of ASCs on keratinocytes in an in vitro culture system is required. Our recent data indicate that the epidermal equivalents became thicker on a collagen vitrigel membrane co-cultured with human ASCs (hASCs). Co-culturing the human primary epidermal keratinocytes (HPEK) with hASCs on a collagen vitrigel membrane enhanced their abilities for cell proliferation and adhesion to the membrane but suppressed their differentiation suggesting that hASCs could maintain the undifferentiated status of HPEK. Contrarily, the effects of co-culture using polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate membranes for HPEK were completely opposite. These differences may depend on the protein permeability and/or structure of the membrane. Taken together, our data demonstrate that hASCs could be used as a substitute for fibroblasts in skin wound repair, aesthetic medicine, or tissue engineering. It is also important to note that a co-culture system using the collagen vitrigel membrane allows better understanding of the interactions between the keratinocytes and ASCs.

scholarly journals Augmentation of Dermal Wound Healing by Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells (ASC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris van Dongen ◽  
Martin Harmsen ◽  
Berend van der Lei ◽  
Hieronymus Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Dermal Wound Healing ◽  
Dermal Wound

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and is the first line of defense against physical and biological damage. Thus, the skin is equipped to self-repair and regenerates after trauma. Skin regeneration after damage comprises a tightly spatial-temporally regulated process of wound healing that involves virtually all cell types in the skin. Wound healing features five partially overlapping stages: homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, re-epithelization, and finally resolution or fibrosis. Dysreguled wound healing may resolve in dermal scarring. Adipose tissue is long known for its suppressive influence on dermal scarring. Cultured adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) secrete a plethora of regenerative growth factors and immune mediators that influence processes during wound healing e.g., angiogenesis, modulation of inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling. In clinical practice, ASCs are usually administered as part of fractionated adipose tissue i.e., as part of enzymatically isolated SVF (cellular SVF), mechanically isolated SVF (tissue SVF), or as lipograft. Enzymatic isolation of SVF obtained adipose tissue results in suspension of adipocyte-free cells (cSVF) that lack intact intercellular adhesions or connections to extracellular matrix (ECM). Mechanical isolation of SVF from adipose tissue destructs the parenchyma (adipocytes), which results in a tissue SVF (tSVF) with intact connections between cells, as well as matrix. To date, due to a lack of well-designed prospective randomized clinical trials, neither cSVF, tSVF, whole adipose tissue, or cultured ASCs can be indicated as the preferred preparation procedure prior to therapeutic administration. In this review, we present and discuss current literature regarding the different administration options to apply ASCs (i.e., cultured ASCs, cSVF, tSVF, and lipografting) to augment dermal wound healing, as well as the available indications for clinical efficacy.

scholarly journals Novel formulation approaches for wound healing

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 937-948
Author(s):  
Tanaji D Nandgude ◽  
Syed Nateque Naser
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
Healing Wounds

A wound is damage to the typical anatomic structure. Wound healing is an immediate therapeutic response to injury. It is a creation of the combined response of some cell types towards injury. Wound healing takes place by a sequence of molecular events which cooperate to fix tissue integrity and cell work. In typical healthy individual under ordinary conditions, these physiological events take place smoothly. Though sometimes, these molecular events are arrested, this brings about in struggle to heal. There is an assortment of approaches for the way toward managing and controlling both acute injuries (acute wounds) and ceaseless non-mending wounds (chronic non-healing wounds). The principal objective of these two cases is to achieve better-wound healing. Ideal formulations of wound healing should not only enhance the healing process but also reduce pain, infection and loss of electrolytes, proteins and liquids from the injury. A broad scope of items typically introduced with target various parts of the wound healing process depends on numerous types of wounds and novel polymers utilised for the conveyance of medications to both acute and ceaseless injuries. These include alginate, hydrocolloids, hydrofibers, polyurethane, and hydrogels. This article gives particular importance to different novel approaches in the management of wound healing. This review draws out the data and hopes to provide understanding into traditional, current and imminent techniques and methods for wound management.

scholarly journals Microarchitectural study of the olfactory organ of Devario regina (Fowler, 1934) using pas technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyakorn Boonyoung ◽  
Sinlapachai Senarat ◽  
Jes Kettratad ◽  
Watiporn Yenchum ◽  
Pisit Poolprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Olfactory Organ ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Differential Cell

Context: Microarchitectural observation of the olfactory organ in Devario regina (Fowler, 1934) is still unknown.Objectives: The normal histology and chemical detailed of glycoprotein in D. regina olfactory organ were investigated using histochemical analysis.Materials and Methods: Fishes were collected from the Tapee River, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand and were processed by the standard histological technique.Results: Microarchitecture of olfactory organ revealed that it was a paired olfactory sac. Each sac was composed of the olfactory chamber and many lamellae surrounding by olfactory epithelium. This epithelium contained the differential cell types in both sensory (sensory ciliated cells) and non-sensory olfactory epithelium. The special localization of glycoprotein was intensively detected on the mucous cells.Conclusion: This study provided the basic histology of the fish olfactory organ that will support the investigation regarding the physiological and ultrastructural analysis.J. bio-sci. 22: 41-44, 2014

Rapid epithelialisation of fetal wounds is associated with the early deposition of tenascin

1991 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Whitby ◽  
M.T. Longaker ◽  
M.R. Harrison ◽  
N.S. Adzick ◽  
M.W. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Healing Wounds ◽  
Fetal Wound

Wound healing is a complex process involving the interaction of many cell types with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fetal skin wound healing differs from that in the adult in that it occurs rapidly and without scar formation. The mechanisms underlying these differing processes may be related to the fetal environment, the stage of differentiation of the fetal cells or the ECM deposited in the wound. The spatial and temporal distribution of two components of the ECM, fibronectin and tenascin, were studied by immunostaining of cryosections from trunk wounds of fetal and adult sheep. Epithelialisation was complete earlier in the fetal wound than in the adult. The distribution of fibronectin was similar in fetal and adult wounds but tenascin was present earlier in the fetal wound. Fibronectin has several roles in wound healing including acting as a substratum for cell migration and as a mediator of cell adhesion through cell surface integrins. The attachment of fibroblasts to fibronectin is inhibited by tenascin and during development the appearance of tenascin in the ECM of migratory pathways correlates with the initiation of cell migration. Similarly, the appearance of tenascin in healing wounds may initiate cell migration. Tenascin was present in these wounds prior to cell migration and the rapid epithelialisation of fetal wounds may be due to the early appearance of tenascin in the wound.

scholarly journals Simple Modelling of Extracellular Matrix Alignment in Dermal Wound Healing I. Cell Flux Induced Alignment

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Olsen ◽  
Philip K. Maini ◽  
Jonathan A. Sherratt ◽  
Ben Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Collagen Fibre ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Dimensional Version ◽  
Healing Wounds ◽  
Dermal Wound

We present a generic model to investigate alignment due to cell movement with spefic application to collagen fibre alignment in wound healing. In particular, alignment in two orthogonal directions is considered. Numerical simulation are presented to show how alignment is affected by key parameter min the model. from a travelling wave analysis of a simplified one-dimensional version of the model we derive a first order ordinary differential equation to describe the time evolution of aligment. We conclude that in the wound healing context,faster healing wounds result in more aligment and hence more serve scarring. It is shown how the model can be extended to included orientation dependent Kinetics,multipkle cell types and several extracellular matrix materials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document