scholarly journals Higher carbon sequestration potential and stability for deep soil compared to surface soil regardless of nitrogen addition in a subtropical forest

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9128
Author(s):  
Chang Liao ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Lin Huang ◽  
Pengyun Yue ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential

Background Labile carbon input could stimulate soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization through priming effect, resulting in soil carbon (C) loss. Meanwhile, labile C could also be transformed by microorganisms in soil as the processes of new C sequestration and stabilization. Previous studies showed the magnitude of priming effect could be affected by soil depth and nitrogen (N). However, it remains unknown how the soil depth and N availability affect the amount and stability of the new sequestrated C, which complicates the prediction of C dynamics. Methods A 20-day incubation experiment was conducted by adding 13C labeled glucose and NH4NO3 to study the effects of soil depth and nitrogen addition on the net C sequestration. SOC was fractioned into seven fractions and grouped into three functional C pools to assess the stabilization of the new sequestrated C. Results Our results showed that glucose addition caused positive priming in both soil depths, and N addition significantly reduced the priming effect. After 20 days of incubation, deep soil had a higher C sequestration potential (48% glucose-C) than surface soil (43% glucose-C). The C sequestration potential was not affected by N addition in both soil depths. Positive net C sequestration was observed with higher amount of retained glucose-C than that of stimulated mineralized SOC for both soil depths. The distribution of new sequestrated C in the seven fractions was significantly affected by soil depth, but not N addition. Compared to deep soil, the new C in surface soil was more distributed in the non-protected C pool (including water extracted organic C, light fraction and sand fraction) and less distributed in the clay fraction. These results suggested that the new C in deep soil was more stable than that in surface soil. Compared to the native SOC for both soil depths, the new sequestrated C was more distributed in non-protected C pool and less distributed in biochemically protected C pool (non-hydrolyzable silt and clay fractions). The higher carbon sequestration potential and stability in deep soil suggested that deep soil has a greater role on C sequestration in forest ecosystems.

Long-term impact of nitrogen addition on the carbon balance of a boreal pine forest in Northern Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Jinshu Chi ◽  
Mats Nilsson ◽  
Mikaell Ottosson.Lofvenius ◽  
Sune Linder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Sequestration Potential

<p>Nitrogen (N) added through atmospheric deposition or as fertilizer in boreal forests may alter their carbon (C) sequestration potential and sensitivity to climatic changes. While previous studies have primarily explored the responses of individual ecosystem components such as stem biomass production and soil carbon changes following N addition, the long-term impacts of N addition on the ecosystem-scale C balance of boreal forests still remain unclear. Here, we use data from eddy-covariance measurements in a fertilized Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest (i.e. 16 ha receiving 100 and 50 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> since 2006 and 2012, respectively) and an adjacent unfertilized control stand in boreal Sweden to investigate how one decade of N addition affected the net ecosystem productivity (NEP), gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) over five fertilization years (2015-2019). Results showed that N fertilization increased GPP in all five years with by 18% at average to 1183±41 g C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> in the N-fertilized stand compared to 1003±56 g C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> in the control stand. ER was also increased from 744±29 g C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> in the control stand to 875±37 g C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> in the fertilized stand. As a result, fertilization increased NEP from 259±28 g C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> in the control stand to 308±20 g C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> in the N-fertilized stand. Our results further suggested that the annual NEP was similar between stands during years with normal weather conditions (2015-2016) while NEP diverged due to a larger reduction in the control stand in years with environmental constraints (i.e. a cool summer in 2017 and droughts in 2018 and 2019). These findings indicate that enhanced N input to boreal forests increases and stabilizes their C sequestration potential under future climate conditions.</p>

Investigation of the carbon sequestration potential of soils and woodlands at university farms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqian Wang ◽  
David Werner ◽  
David Manning
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Sequestration Potential

<p>Reducing carbon footprint has increasingly become an important topic regarding the management of industries and universities from different fields. Newcastle University promised to achieve the goal of net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2040, and the first process from this ambitious target is to produce a 43% reduction by July 2020, against a 2005/06 baseline. According to the report from Carbon Management Plan 2019 of Newcastle University, there are still 1,720 tons of carbon that should be reduced or offset during this year.</p><p>Two farms were investigated in this project: Nafferton Farm (NF) and Cockle Park Farm (CP) . Soil sampling was conducted within each field at three depth increment (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 30-90 cm) separately. Except for soil analysis, this study also chooses some plots in the woodlands around two farms to estimate the carbon storage by various vegetation species, and these two sections will offer comprehensive information about the quality and quantity of carbon in two farms.</p><p>On average, the percentage of total carbon (TC) from all soil profiles was higher under woodland than crop fields in CP. Because the hectare of crop fields is greater than woodland, the sum of total carbon in individual soil layers from the areas is comparatively larger in crop lands, where C stock is 14,122 tons, 6,017 tons, 5,437 tons for the 0-30 cm layers, 30-60 cm layers and 60-90 cm layers, respectively. Meanwhile, the data is 1, 905 tons, 822 tons, and 648 tons for three soil depth layers in the woodland of CP. In Nafferton Farm, the value of TC from the corresponding soil layers is 17,841 tons, 6,844 tons, 6,177 tons separately.</p><p>The results attained so far represent that TC and soil organic carbon (SOC)  in each farm are all statistically significantly different (p< 0.001) with respect to soil depth, but differences were not significant with respect to crop and tree species grown in a single area. Moreover, TC in surface soil of NF is statistically higher (p< 0.01) than that in CP. In Cockle Park Farm, C contents from woodland were considerably higher than those in crop fields (p< 0.001) and the difference of TC and SOC at individual depth layer cannot be ignored. Gross carbon sequestration of plants in woodland is 150.64 tons’ annually, which was calculated by i-Tree Ecosystem Analysis. Simultaneously, the total carbon of trees, including leaf biomass and tree trunks, is in a range of 3,198- 4,096 tons in the woodland of CP. Consequently, the current quality of carbon in topsoil from the whole fields of two farms and the woodland of CP is 35,610 tons which is over four times as high as the estimated carbon emission produced by University in 2019/20 ( 8, 181 tons).</p><p>Overall, it is recommended that the management team of university should attach importance to the operation of two farms. The expectation of mitigating 1,720 ton’s carbon in the short term can be fulfilled if the management department considers converting 58.79 ha crop fields to mixed-species woodland.</p>

scholarly journals Carbon sequestration potential of nitrogen-fixing tree stands

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehraj Ahamd Sheikh ◽  
Munesh Kumar ◽  
Nagendra Prasad Todaria
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Mixed Plantation ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Trees

Abstract We compared the C storage of two nitrogen-fixing trees in mixed and monospecific plantations to investigate the C sequestration potential after 10 years of their establishment. The study was carried out in three types of plantation, Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. pure (P1DS), Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit pure (P2LL) and mixed plantation of D. sissoo and L. leucocephala (P3DS.LL). The results of the study indicated that, P3DS.LL sequestered 34.30 ± 0.24 t yr-1 ha-1 CO2 compared to 27.35 ± 0.19 t yr-1 ha-1 in P1DS and 19.81 ± 0.44 t yr-1 ha-1 in P2LL. Total carbon storage was also maximum in P3DS.LL (93.47 ± 0.67 t ha-1) followed by P1DS (74.54 ± 0.53 t ha-1) and P2LL (53.98 ± 1.21 t ha-1). This indicates that L. leucocephala has synergetic effect with D. sissoo to enhance the carbon sequestration potential when interplanted together. The study revealed that mixed plantation of N-fixer trees have potential to sequester more carbon than same species in monoculture. The study concluded that in reforestation or afforestation program the synergic effect of N-fixer trees can be helpful projects to offset more C emissions.

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