scholarly journals Ancient genetic divergence in bumblebee catfish of the genus Pseudopimelodus (Pseudopimelodidae: Siluriformes) from northwestern South America

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9028
Author(s):  
José D. Rangel-Medrano ◽  
Armando Ortega-Lara ◽  
Edna J. Márquez
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Species Discovery ◽  
The Andes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Molecular Clock Dating

Pseudopimelodus is a Neotropical genus of bumblebee catfish, composed of four valid species occurring in both trans- and cis-Andean rivers of South America. The orogeny of the Andes has led to diversification in the genus Pseudopimelodus in Colombia. This study analyzed partial sequences of mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear rag2 genes to test the hypothesis that the species, nominally recognized as P. schultzi and P. bufonius in Colombia, correspond to more than two different evolutionary lineages. Results indicate high levels of genetic divergence among individuals of nominal P. schultzi and P. bufonius, from trans- and cis-Andean basins in Colombia. In addition, five divergent lineages of Pseudopimelodus were confidently delimited by using a single-locus species-discovery approach and confirmed by species tree analyses. Additionally, molecular-clock dating showed that most diversification processes in Pseudopimelodus took place during the Miocene, when Andean tectonic evolution was occurring in northwestern South America. The present study provides, for the first time, phylogeographic insight into this Neotropical genus.

Revision of the genus Corythalia C.L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4806 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-144
Author(s):  
STEFFEN BAYER ◽  
HUBERT HÖFER ◽  
HEIKO METZNER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Type ◽  
First Time

We propose a revision of the spider genus Corythalia C.L. Koch, 1850 (Salticidae: Euophryini) with a revised genus diagnosis based on examination of all species available to us. In this paper we redescribe all previously described species from South America with revised species diagnoses and describe 20 new species from South America (and the nearby islands). For C. latipes, the type species of the genus Corythalia, a neotype is designated. In total, 52 nominal species of the genus are herein treated, 46 species are recognized as valid. The females of C. waleckii Taczanowski, 1871, C. luctuosa Caporiacco, 1954 and C. latipes (C.L. Koch, 1846) are described for the first time. Corythalia sellata Simon, 1901, erroneously considered as nomen nudum in the present version of the World Spider Catalog, is here recognised as a valid species. Corythalia fulgipedia Crane, 1948 is also considered a valid species and is removed from the synonymy of C. tropica (Mello-Leitão, 1939). One name is considered a nomen dubium (Corythalia variegata Caporiacco, 1954), two are nomina nuda (C. major Simon, 1901; C. dimidiata Simon, 1901). Two species are transferred to other genera: C. argyrochrysos (Mello-Leitão, 1946) to Pachomius Peckham & Peckham, 1896 as Pachomius argyrochrysos (Mello-Leitão, 1946), comb. nov. and C. heliophanina (Taczanowski, 1871) to Neonella Gertsch, 1936, as Neonella heliophanina (Taczanowski, 1871), comb. nov. under incertae sedis. One species is synonymised: C. barbipes (Mello-Leitão, 1939) is a junior synonym of C. cincta (Badcock, 1932), syn. nov. The new Corythalia species are: C. conferta sp. nov. (♂♀, Brazil), C. concinna sp. nov. (♀, Brazil), C. drepane sp. nov. (♂♀, Brazil), C. drepanopsis sp. nov. (♀, Brazil), C. antepagmenti sp. nov. (♂♀, Brazil), C. ricti Bayer, sp. nov. (♂, Guyana), C. protensa sp. nov. (♂, Brazil), C. gasnieri sp. nov. (♂, Brazil), C. verhaaghi sp. nov. (♀, Brazil), C. scutellaris Bayer, sp. nov. (♂♀, Ecuador), C. dakryodes Bayer, sp. nov. (♀, Colombia), C. foelixi Bayer, sp. nov. (♂♀, French Guiana), C. longiducta sp. nov. (♀, Brazil), C. latior sp. nov. (♂, Bolivia), C. trochophora Bayer, sp. nov. (♂, Ecuador), C. lineata Bayer, sp. nov. (♂, Guyana), C. hamulifera Bayer, sp. nov. (♂, Ecuador), C. tribulosa sp. nov. (♂, Colombia), C. flagrans sp. nov. (♂, Brazil) and C. fragilis sp. nov. (♂♀, Brazil). Illustrations are provided for all of the new species and for all (primary) type specimens of the species re-described. Hypotheses of possible relationships among the different species of Corythalia are discussed. 

scholarly journals Taxonomic and phylogenetic review of Necrosuchus ionensis (Alligatoroidea: Caimaninae) and the early evolution and radiation of caimanines

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanne M Cidade ◽  
Daniel Fortier ◽  
Annie S Hsiou
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
North American ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Salamanca Formation

Abstract Alligatoroidea is the most species-rich crocodylomorph clade of the Cenozoic of South America, with nearly all species belonging to the Caimaninae clade. However, the earliest records of Caimaninae in South America, which are from the Palaeocene, are based mostly on incomplete specimens, which increases the importance of detailed taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on these taxa. This paper offers a taxonomic and phylogenetic review of Necrosuchus ionensis, a caimanine species from the Salamanca Formation of the Palaeocene of Argentina. Necrosuchus ionensis is considered a valid species, albeit with a different diagnosis from that proposed by previous authors. The phylogenetic analysis shows, for the first time, that N. ionensis belongs to the derived Caimaninae clade Jacarea. However, a better understanding of the Jacarea clade is needed, and alternative placements for N. ionensis might be considered. Nevertheless, the placement of N. ionensis as a derived caimanine raises interesting perspectives on the early evolution and radiation of caimanines, which are thoroughly discussed in this paper together with other results obtained in this study, such as the recovery of the North American caimanines Bottosaurus and Tsoabichi as a clade.

scholarly journals Three new mosses records from the Andes of northwestern Argentina.

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Cano ◽  
Marta Alonso
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
The Andes ◽  
First Time

Two mosses are newly reported for Argentina based on recent collections from Saltaprovince: Aligrimmia peruviana R.S. Williams and Conostomum cleistocarpum Herzog. Hitherto, they were considered endemic to Bolivia and Peru, respectively. In addition, Crossidium squamiferum (Viv.) Jur., a species distributed in Europe, North America, Mexico, Asia, North Africa, and Macaronesia, is here reported for the first time in South America.

The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 504 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-77
Author(s):  
VICENTE MARCANO ◽  
ANTONIO MORALES MÉNDEZ ◽  
ERNESTO PALACIOS PRÜ
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Single Population ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The World ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
First Time

Fifty three taxa of Ramalina Acharius have been found in northern South America (including Colombia and Venezuela), with 8 varieties and 48 species. Seven species and four varieties are described as new to science viz. R. anteojina V. Marcano & A. Morales sp. nov. (Venezuela), R. canaguensis V. Marcano & A. Morales var. colombiana Marcano & Morales var. nov. (Colombia), R. canaguensis Marcano & Morales var. guascasensis Marcano & Morales var. nov. (Colombia), R. canaguensis V. Marcano & A. Morales var. mucumpisensis V. Marcano & A. Morales var. nov. (Colombia and Venezuela), R. reducta Krog & Swinscow var. colombiana V. Marcano & A. Morales var. nov. (Colombia), R. maegdefraui  V. Marcano & A. Morales sp. nov. (Venezuela), R. mirandensis V. Marcano & A. Morales sp. nov. (Venezuela), R. subcalcarata V. Marcano & A. Morales sp. nov. (Venezuela), R. tenaensis V, Marcano & Morales sp. nov. (Colombia), R. venezuelensis V. Marcano & A. Morales sp. nov. (Venezuela), and R. victoriana V. Marcano & L. Castillo sp. nov. (Venezuela); 8 taxa are reported for first time from Venezuela: R. anceps Nylander, R. bogotensis Nylander, R. chilensis Bertero, R. holstii Krog & Swinscow, R. rigida Persoon ex Acharius, R. sorediosa (Bouly de Lesdain) Landrón, R. subfraxinea Nylander var. subfraxinea, and R. tenella Müller Argoviensis, whereas 5 taxa are reported for the first time from Colombia: R. africana (Stein) Dodge, R. asahinae W. Culberson & C. Culberson, R. subfraxinea Nylander var. confirmata, R. tenuissima V. Marcano & A. Morales and R. vareschii V. Marcano & A. Morales. A key to the species is presented together with data on morphology, anatomy, chemistry, variation, taxonomy, habitat and distribution. The chemical analyses show that the sekikaic (24 taxa), boninic (16 taxa) and homosekikaic (15 taxa) acids are the most common depsides found. Divaricatic acid is present in 10 of the taxa but is frequently replaced by sekikaic acid and its aggregates. The most common depsidones are salazinic acid (22 taxa), and protocetraric acid (25 taxa). The distribution of the secondary compounds reveals they are able to produce quite different substances which appears be not dependent to the habitat where occur the species, neither to the occurrence of minute morphological or anatomical differences at similar species. Often, several chemical strains (chemosyndromes) can be recognized within a single population of a particular species, but have no correlation with morphology or ecology. Biogeographic data indicate that of the 53 taxa known from northern South America, 28.3% (15) are known only from Venezuela, 7.5% (4) are known only from Colombia and 18.9% (10) are known only from Venezuela and Colombia. Of the 50 taxa known from Venezuela, 70% (37) of the taxa have their main distribution in the Andean region. The high concentration of Ramalina species seen in the Andes indicates that this region constitutes an important centre for speciation and endemism of Ramalina both in northern South America but also throughout the world.

scholarly journals Discovery of Euglossa (Euglossa) cognata Moure (Apidae: Euglossini) in the Platina Basin, Mato Grosso state, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandson José dos Anjos-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
First Time

By attracting male orchid bees with eight chemical baits in the gallery forest of the Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, southern Mato Grosso state, Brazil, I found several males belongs to all Euglossini bee genera. Male euglosine bees were collected monthly using an entomological net as they arrived at the baits. From September 2003 to July 2005, the baits were applied to absorbent paper pads from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM. From 24 collections, a total of 264 males were captured, spread throughout the five genera of the tribe and belonging to 30 valid species. Of all the males collected, only one was Euglossa cognata Moure, reported to occur from Costa Rica to southern Brazil, and herein recorded to the Platina Basin for the first time. The results clarify the distributional gap and amplified the geographic distributional range of E. cognata in South America.

Effects of insecticides on adults and eggs of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristine Hoffmann Schlesener ◽  
Jutiane Wollmann ◽  
Juliano De Bastos Pazini ◽  
Anderson Dionei Grützmacher ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
First Time

Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae) is an exotic species, endemic to Asia and currently a pest to small and stone fruits in several countries of North America and Europe. It was detected in 2013 for the first time in South America, in the south of Brazil. Unlike most drosophilids, this species deserves special attention, because the females are capable of oviposit inside healthy fruits, rendering their sale and export prohibited. Despite the confirmed existence of this species in different states of Brazil, this insect is yet been to be given the pest status. Nevertheless, the mere presence of this species is enough to cause concern to producers of small fruits and to justify further investigation for it’s control, especially chemical control for a possible change in status. Therefore, the goal of this work was to evaluate, in laboratory, mortality of D. suzukii adults and ovicidal effect when exposed to different insecticides registered for species of the Tephritidae and Agromyzidae families in different cultures. The insecticides deltamethrin, dimethoate, spinosad, fenitrothion, phosmet, malathion, methidathion, and zeta-cypermethrin resulted in mortality to 100 % of the subjects three days after the treatment (DAT). Regarding the effects over eggs, it was  established that the insecticides fenitrothion, malathion, and methidathion deemed 100 % of the eggs not viable, followed by phosmet and diflubenzuron, which also caused elevated reduction in the eclosion of larvae two DAT.

First Records of Bufo luchunnicus (Yang et Rao, 2008) and Amolops wenshanensis Yuan, Jin, Li, Stuart et Wu, 2018 (Anura: Bufonidae, Ranidae) from Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Cuong The Pham ◽  
Minh Duc Le ◽  
Chung Van Hoang ◽  
Anh Van Pham ◽  
Thomas Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Lao Cai ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nd2 Gene ◽  
Quang Ninh

We record two species of amphibians for the first time from Vietnam: Bufo luchunnicus from Lao Cai and Son La provinces and Amolops wenshanensis from Quang Ninh Province. Morphologically, the Vietnamese representatives of B. luchunnicus resemble the type series from China. The specimen of A. wenshanensis from Vietnam slightly differs from the type series from China by having a smaller size (SVL 33.2 mm vs. 35.7 – 39.9 mm in males) and the presence of distinct transverse bands on the dorsal surfaces of limbs. Genetic divergence between the sequence of the Vietnamese specimen and those of A. wenshanensis from China available from GenBank is 1.2 – 1.6% (ND2 gene). In addition, morphological data and natural history notes of aforementioned species are provided from Vietnam.

Aleksey Peshkov as an editor of Samarskaya Gazeta

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
A. S. Bik-Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

The article uses little known letters of M. Gorky, many of which were published for the first time in 1997, as well as findings of Samara-based experts in local history to shed light on the writer’s work as editor-in-chief of the Samarskaya Gazeta newspaper in 1895. The researcher introduces hitherto unstudied reminiscences of the journalist D. Linyov (Dalin) about this period, which reference a letter by Gorky, now lost. The paper details a newly discovered episode of Gorky’s professional biography as a journalist: it concerns his campaign against a Samara ‘she-wolf,’ the madam of a local brothel A. Neucheva. Linyov’s reminiscences turn out to be an important and interesting source, offering an insight into the daily grind of the young editor Gorky, providing new evidence of his excellent organizational skills, and describing his moral and social stance. The author presents his work in the context of a recently initiated broader discussion about the need to map out all Russian periodicals for the period until 1917, as well as all research devoted to individual publications.

Redescription of Orthopristis ruber and Orthopristis scapularis (Haemulidae: Perciformes), with a hybridization zone off the Atlantic coast of South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4576 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE PIRES MARCENIUK ◽  
RODRIGO ANTUNES CAIRES ◽  
LEONARDO MACHADO ◽  
NAJILA NOLIE CATARINE DANTAS CERQUEIRA ◽  
RAYLA ROBERTA M. DE S. SERRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Coloration Patterns

The genus Orthopristis includes seven valid species, three from the western Atlantic and five from eastern Pacific, while the available identification guides and taxonomic keys incorrectly recognize Orthopristis ruber as the only valid species found on the Atlantic coast of South America. Efforts to expand the inventory of fish species from the northern coast of Brazil led to the identification of two distinct species of Orthopristis from Atlantic South America, based on the analysis of coloration patterns and meristic data, as well as DNA. In the present study, the limits of Orthopristis ruber are reviewed, while Orthopristis scapularis is recognized as a valid species for the northern and northeastern coasts of South America. Based on intermediate morphological characteristics and nuclear DNA markers, a hybrid zone was identified off the state of Espírito Santo, on the eastern Brazilian coast. Additionally, considerations are made on the diversity and biogeography of the coastal marine and estuarine fishes found on the Brazilian coast. 

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