scholarly journals Post-transcriptional regulation of several biological processes involved in latex production in Hevea brasiliensis

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Leclercq ◽  
Shuangyang Wu ◽  
Benoît Farinas ◽  
Stéphanie Pointet ◽  
Bénédicte Favreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Silencing ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Rubber Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcript Cleavage ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Latex Production

Background Small RNAs modulate plant gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, mostly through the induction of either targeted DNA methylation or transcript cleavage, respectively. Small RNA networks are involved in specific plant developmental processes, in signaling pathways triggered by various abiotic stresses and in interactions between the plant and viral and non-viral pathogens. They are also involved in silencing maintenance of transposable elements and endogenous viral elements. Alteration in small RNA production in response to various environmental stresses can affect all the above-mentioned processes. In rubber trees, changes observed in small RNA populations in response to trees affected by tapping panel dryness, in comparison to healthy ones, suggest a shift from a transcriptional to a post-transcriptional regulatory pathway. This is the first attempt to characterise small RNAs involved in post-transcriptional silencing and their target transcripts in Hevea. Methods Genes producing microRNAs (MIR genes) and loci producing trans-activated small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA) were identified in the clone PB 260 re-sequenced genome. Degradome libraries were constructed with a pool of total RNA from six different Hevea tissues in stressed and non-stressed plants. The analysis of cleaved RNA data, associated with genomics and transcriptomics data, led to the identification of transcripts that are affected by 20–22 nt small RNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. A detailed analysis was carried out on gene families related to latex production and in response to growth regulators. Results Compared to other tissues, latex cells had a higher proportion of transcript cleavage activity mediated by miRNAs and ta-siRNAs. Post-transcriptional regulation was also observed at each step of the natural rubber biosynthesis pathway. Among the genes involved in the miRNA biogenesis pathway, our analyses showed that all of them are expressed in latex. Using phylogenetic analyses, we show that both the Argonaute and Dicer-like gene families recently underwent expansion. Overall, our study underlines the fact that important biological pathways, including hormonal signalling and rubber biosynthesis, are subject to post-transcriptional silencing in laticifers.

scholarly journals Post-transcriptional regulation of redox homeostasis by the small RNA SHOxi in haloarchaea

RNA Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Diego Rivera Gelsinger ◽  
Rahul Reddy ◽  
Kathleen Whittington ◽  
Sara Debic ◽  
Jocelyne DiRuggiero
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

scholarly journals Ribosome-Profiling Reveals Restricted Post Transcriptional Expression of Antiviral Cytokines and Transcription Factors during SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3392
Author(s):  
Marina R. Alexander ◽  
Aaron M. Brice ◽  
Petrus Jansen van Vuren ◽  
Christina L. Rootes ◽  
Leon Tribolet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Host Response ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Ribosome Profiling ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Human Lung Epithelial Cell ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
The Impact

The global COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in over 2.2 million deaths. Disease outcomes range from asymptomatic to severe with, so far, minimal genotypic change to the virus so understanding the host response is paramount. Transcriptomics has become incredibly important in understanding host-pathogen interactions; however, post-transcriptional regulation plays an important role in infection and immunity through translation and mRNA stability, allowing tight control over potent host responses by both the host and the invading virus. Here, we apply ribosome profiling to assess post-transcriptional regulation of host genes during SARS-CoV-2 infection of a human lung epithelial cell line (Calu-3). We have identified numerous transcription factors (JUN, ZBTB20, ATF3, HIVEP2 and EGR1) as well as select antiviral cytokine genes, namely IFNB1, IFNL1,2 and 3, IL-6 and CCL5, that are restricted at the post-transcriptional level by SARS-CoV-2 infection and discuss the impact this would have on the host response to infection. This early phase restriction of antiviral transcripts in the lungs may allow high viral load and consequent immune dysregulation typically seen in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals The 3′-untranslated region of the mouse cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase mRNA contains elements responsive to post-transcriptional regulation by bile acids

1997 ◽  
Vol 328 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Luis AGELLON ◽  
K. Sukhinder CHEEMA
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Conjugated Bile Acids

To investigate the importance of the 3ʹ-untranslated region (UTR) of the mouse cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (cyp7) mRNA in post-transcriptional regulation of expression of the cyp7 gene, chimaeric genes encoding mRNA containing the structural sequence of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) linked to either the 3ʹ-UTR of the mouse cyp7 mRNA or the SV40 early gene mRNA were constructed. The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter was used to drive the expression of all the chimaeric genes. Thus the transgenes had identical sequences in the promoter, the regions encoding the 5ʹ-UTR and translated sequence but differed in the region encoding the 3ʹ-UTR of their respective mRNA species. The transgene containing the entire cyp7 3ʹ-UTR (designated CMV.CAT.CYP7) gave rise to CAT activity in transfected hepatoma cells that was one-quarter of that obtained in cells transfected with the transgene containing the SV40 3ʹ-UTR (designated CMV.CAT.SV40). The 3ʹ-UTR of the cyp7 mRNA contains sequences resembling AU-rich elements (AREs). Deleting eight of nine putative AREs from the CYP7 3ʹ-UTR sequence increased the CAT activity to a level greater than that observed for CMV.CAT.SV40, whereas deletion of the intron region had no effect. These results show that the AREs of the 3ʹ-UTR of the cyp7 mRNA decrease transgene expression. Bile acids are known to repress the expression of the cyp7 gene. To test whether the 3ʹ-UTR of the cyp7 mRNA has a role in this process, the expression of the chimaeric genes was evaluated in hepatoma cells competent for bile acid uptake. Conjugated bile acids, but not unconjugated bile acids, further decreased the expression of the CMV.CAT.CYP7 transgene. The same bile acids had no effect on the expression of the CMV.CAT.SV40 transgene. Deletion of the intron from the cyp7 sequence did not alter the CAT activity compared with the parental plasmid, and also did not alter the sensitivity of the transgene to the conjugated bile acids. Deletion of the AREs from the cyp7 3ʹ-UTR, which increased the expression of the transgene, did not abolish the sensitivity of the transgene to repression by conjugated bile acids. Thus the 3ʹ-UTR of the mouse cyp7 mRNA also contains elements that facilitate the further repression of transgene expression in the presence of conjugated bile acids. The results indicate that the 3ʹ-UTR of the mouse cyp7 mRNA contains information specifying regulation at the post-transcriptional level.

scholarly journals Targeting of Post-Transcriptional Regulation as Treatment Strategy in Acute Leukemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Podszywalow-Bartnicka ◽  
Magdalena Wolczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Piwocka
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

Post-transcriptional regulation is an important step of gene expression that allows to fine-tune the cellular protein profile (so called proteome) according to the current demands. That mechanism has been developed to aid survival under stress conditions, however it occurs to be hijacked by cancer cells. Adjustment of the protein profile remodels signaling in cancer cells to adapt to therapeutic treatment, thereby enabling persistence despite unfavorable environment or accumulating mutations. The proteome is shaped at the post-transcriptional level by numerous mechanisms such as alternative splicing, mRNA modifications and triage by RNA binding proteins, change of ribosome composition or signaling, which altogether regulate the translation process. This chapter is an overview of the translation disturbances found in leukemia and their role in development of the disease, with special focus on the possible therapeutic strategies tested in acute leukemia which target elements of those regulatory mechanisms.

Post-transcriptional regulation of Xwnt-8 expression is required for normal myogenesis during vertebrate embryonic development

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (15) ◽  
pp. 3371-3380
Author(s):  
Q. Tian ◽  
T. Nakayama ◽  
M.P. Dixon ◽  
J.L. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Rna Degradation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Embryonic Patterning ◽  
Sequence Element ◽  
Zygotic Gene ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

The Xenopus Wnt-8 gene is transiently expressed in ventral and lateral mesoderm during gastrulation and plays a critical role in patterning these tissues. In the current study, we show that the spatial and temporal pattern of expression of endogenous Xwnt-8 is regulated, in part, at a post-transcriptional level. We have identified a novel sequence element in the 3′ untranslated region of the Xwnt-8 RNA that controls the polyadenylation status of reporter and endogenous Xwnt-8 RNAs, directs rapid RNA degradation beginning precisely at the early gastrula stage, and represses translation of transcripts throughout development. Expression of endogenous Xwnt-8 is normally downregulated within lateral (presomitic) mesoderm following gastrulation. We demonstrate that rapid degradation of Xwnt-8 transcripts, mediated by these regulatory elements in the 3′ untranslated region, is essential to this process and that downregulation is required to prevent overcommitment of somitic cells to a myogenic fate. These studies demonstrate a role for post-transcriptional regulation of zygotic gene expression in vertebrate embryonic patterning.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analyses across Viridiplantae reveal the origin and diversification of small RNA pathway-related genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibo Wang ◽  
Hongping Liang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Linzhou Li ◽  
Hongli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractSmall RNAs play a major role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Despite the evolutionary importance of streptophyte algae, knowledge on small RNAs in this group of green algae is almost non-existent. We used genome and transcriptome data of 34 algal and plant species, and performed genome-wide analyses of small RNA (miRNA & siRNA) biosynthetic and degradation pathways. The results suggest that Viridiplantae started to evolve plant-like miRNA biogenesis and degradation after the divergence of the Mesostigmatophyceae in the streptophyte algae. We identified two major evolutionary transitions in small RNA metabolism in streptophyte algae; during the first transition, the origin of DCL-New, DCL1, AGO1/5/10 and AGO4/6/9 in the last common ancestor of Klebsormidiophyceae and all other streptophytes could be linked to abiotic stress responses and evolution of multicellularity in streptophytes. During the second transition, the evolution of DCL 2,3,4, and AGO 2,3,7 as well as DRB1 in the last common ancestor of Zygnematophyceae and embryophytes, suggests their possible contribution to pathogen defense and antibacterial immunity. Overall, the origin and diversification of DICER and AGO along with several other small RNA pathway-related genes among streptophyte algae suggested progressive adaptations of streptophyte algae during evolution to a subaerial environment.

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