scholarly journals The impact of pesticides used at the agricultural land of the Puck commune on the environment of the Puck Bay

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Pazikowska-Sapota ◽  
Katarzyna Galer-Tatarowicz ◽  
Grażyna Dembska ◽  
Marta Wojtkiewicz ◽  
Ewelina Duljas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Puck Bay

Background The Puck commune is one of the largest agricultural regions in the Pomeranian Voivodship that due to the pollution of the coastal zone negatively affects the functioning of the Puck Bay, including health of its inhabitants, and causes decrease in tourism as well as in overall economic value of the region. The objective of the undertaken study was to assess the extent of risk to the environment posed by the pesticides used in agricultural production in the coastal area of the Puck commune. Methods The study focused on organochlorine insecticides (DDT and its metabolites: α, β, ϒ, δ-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, isodrine), glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, and 309 active substances used as pesticides. Analyses were carried out using GC-MS, GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS techniques. The undertaken novel approach included “tracking” of a large number of substances in multiple environmental matrices (surface water, groundwater, seawater, soil, sediment and fish), along with examination of their transport routes from the pesticides application locality to the Puck Bay. Results Glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, anthraquinone, boscalid, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, dimethachlor, diflufenican, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluopicolide and metazachlor were found in soil samples and surface water samples collected from drainage ditches surrounding the studied agricultural plots. In the samples of seawater and fish taken from the Puck Bay no studied pesticides were found.

scholarly journals The Factors Affecting Farmland Rental Prices in Slovakia

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Ivan Takáč ◽  
Jarmila Lazíková ◽  
Ľubica Rumanovská ◽  
Anna Bandlerová ◽  
Zuzana Lazíková
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Land Rental ◽  
Land Valuation ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural land is a limited natural resource with increasing economic value. This study analyses land rental relationships in Slovakia, including legal rental regulations, and identifies the impact of certain factors, such as the European Union Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) payments, and geographical and economic factors on land rental prices. From the results of econometric models, it was found that certain CAP payments have an effect on rental prices, mainly the single area payment scheme (SAPS), payments for agri-environmental-climate schemes (AECS), and animal welfare, which were found to have positive effects. Other important factors found to influence rental prices are economic indicators (such as total revenue share of total costs, share of revenue from agricultural production in terms of total revenue, share of production costs as a percentage of total costs, wages, and number of employees) and geographical factors (such as region or partial production areas). However, the distance of the farm from the district city (LAU 1) and the share of farmland affected by natural constraints do not considerably affect rental prices in Slovakia. Land consolidation is a statistically significant factor according to the models; however, its impact is almost zero. Knowledge of these factors constitutes important know-how, not only for policy makers but also for the actors operating in the land rental market (e.g., landlords, tenants, experts on land valuation, and real estate agents).

scholarly journals Modelling Impacts of a Municipal Spatial Plan of Land-Use Changes on Surface Water Quality—Example from Goriška Brda in Slovenia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matjaž Glavan ◽  
Sara Bele ◽  
Miha Curk ◽  
Marina Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Phosphorus Loads ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spatial Plan

Intensive agriculture causes nutrient leaching and accelerates erosion processes, which threatens the good quality status of surface waters, as proposed by the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive. The purpose of this study was to define the impact of two alternative agricultural land-use change scenarios defined in a Municipal Spatial Plan on surface water quality by using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model. As experimental area, we chose a small Kožbanjšček stream catchment (1464 ha) situated in the Goriška Brda region in Slovenia. The area, due to favorable conditions for vineyards, is facing increasing deforestation. The change of 66.3 ha of forests to vineyards would increase the sediment, nitrate, and phosphorus loads in the stream by 24.8%, 17.1%, and 10.7%, respectively. With the implementation of vegetative buffer strips as a mitigation measure of the current situation, we could reduce the sediment, nitrate, and phosphorus loads by 17.9%, 11.1%, and 3.1%, respectively, while a combination of the two land-use change scenarios would result in a slight increase of the above-mentioned loads, corresponding to 0.61%, 2.1%, and 6.6%, respectively, compared to the baseline situation. The results confirm that, as we can increase pollution levels with deforestation, we can also reduce water pollution by choosing proper types of land management measures.

Thames Water's Experiences with Cryptosporidium

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Poulton ◽  
Jennifer Colbourne ◽  
P. J. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Contamination Events ◽  
The Impact

In February 1989 an outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis associated with contaminated surface water in the upper Thames catchment was identified. Less than 0.01% of the population suffered symptoms sufficient for them to seek medical advice. Nevertheless, the impact of the outbreak on the community and the water undertakers was considerable, and an expert committee was appointed by the Secretary of State for Health to advise on research and measures to control the disease and prevent future waterborne outbreaks. One of the committee's interim recommendations was for the gathering of information on the occurrence of cryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment particularly sources used for abstraction and production of drinking water. The results of monitoring in the River Thames catchment will be discussed particularly in light of observations that peak contamination events occur in rivers which pass through agricultural land but do not receive discharges from sewage treatment works.

scholarly journals Impact and economic value of agricultural land conversion in sub-urban of Bantul Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Hestina Fandani ◽  
Rika Harini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Impact

Increasing the number of populations in urban areas results in increasing the need for shelter and food, while the land area is limited. This has led to a conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, especially in sub-urban areas that directly adjacent to urban areas. This study aimed to identify the impact of agricultural land conversion, and also to estimate the economic value of paddy land loss in sub-urban of Bantul Regency. Data were collected through structured interviews, institutional data, and literature reviews. These data were analyzed in a quantitative descriptive. Most of the paddy fields are converted for home and housing, partially used for economic activities that have higher land rent such as shops, boarding houses, and restaurants. The perceived impact is increasing air temperature, air pollution, also reduced employment opportunities and income from agricultural sector. The total economic value of the direct use obtained from the existence of agricultural land in Bantul sub-urban is IDR 96 806 832 ha–1 yr–1. It is includes the value of rice production of IDR 53 934 540 ha–1 yr–1, the value of employment opportunities is IDR 17 126 688 ha–1 yr–1 and the value of agricultural income is IDR 25 745 604 ha–1 yr–1.

Summer crops and the impact of pesticides on surface and underground water in the southeast of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Costa ◽  
Hernan Angelini ◽  
Eduardo De Geronimo ◽  
Virginia Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
The Impact

<p>Agricultural land is the first pesticide recipient after application. Even if the pesticides are applied in accordance with the regulations, only a smaller amount reaches their objectives (weed or pest), while the rest represents possible environmental pollutants (Hvězdová et al., 2018). In this case, the pesticides they become the non-point source of contamination.</p><p>The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of summer crop practices on the concentration of pesticides in surface water and groundwater. In soybean and corn crops, next to surface water courses, 2 freatimeters were installed. Groundwater depth was evaluated in six moments (19/12/2018, 4/1/2019, 14/1/2019, 8/2/2019, 15/2/2019 and 25/2/2019). Water samples were extracted and the concentration of 45 organic molecules (pesticides and degradation products) was determined with a UPLC MS / MS. Once the concentration of each molecule was quantified, it was added to establish the proportion corresponding to the total of a) glyphosate + AMPA; b) Atrazine + hydroxy-atrazine + desetyl-atrazine + desisopropyl-atrazine; c) 2,4D and d) other molecules.</p><p>The groundwater was always at a depth greater than 1.30 m in the freatimeters. On average, the proportion of the sum of molecules was: glyphosate metabolite > atrazine metabolite > 2.4D > other organic molecules. The sum of molecules ranged from 0.17 to 39.1 µg l<sup>-1</sup>. On the other hand, the sum of molecules ranged from 1.3 to 12.5 µg l<sup>-1</sup> during the evaluation period. On average, the proportion of the sum of molecules was: glyphosate + metabolite > Atrazine + metabolite > 2.4D  other organic molecules.</p><p>These preliminary results indicate that the grain production system generates an impact evidenced by the presence of synthetic organic molecules in the water. It is important to adjust crop management practices to avoid and / or minimize that impact and its environmental consequences.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Risk Induced by Soil Erosion on Land Use. Case Study: Guruslău Depression

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Andreea Costea ◽  
Stefan Bilasco ◽  
Ioan-Aurel Irimus ◽  
Sanda Rosca ◽  
Iuliu Vescan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Spatial Databases ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Impact

Changes in land use, increasing of agricultural areas to the detriment of wooded ones, and poor management of agricultural land, along with the impact of current changes in the climate (reflected in the increase of the climate aggression index) makes soil erosion one of the main risks associated with improper land use, with a direct impact on its productivity and an indirect impact on human beings. The aim of this study is to assess the risk induced by surface soil erosion on land use, using as our main method of investigation the development of two models of integrated spatial analysis of the territory: a derived model of the universal soil loss equation (USLE) and a qualitative model that integrates the result of soil erosion assessment with the database representing the land use. This was carried out in order to highlight the impact on the territory. The spatial analysis models were developed on a structure of vector spatial databases, through which the soil type, soil texture, climate aggression coefficient, and land use were mapped, and alphanumeric databases, representing the market cost of land, in EUROs, that highlight the quality of cultivated land (in terms of productive economic potential). The induced risk estimation is based on a qualitative rating of soil erosion vulnerability on a scale from 1 to 5 (1-low vulnerability; 5-high vulnerability) and of the reduction of the economic value of the land (according to the vulnerability rating). The implemented methodology highlights the quantitative risk, with a maximum value of about 46.000 EUROs, spatially identified on large surfaces on the outskirts of the Jibou municipality. It is mainly caused by the impact of soil erosion on large areas of orchards, which provide necessary products for human consumption. The present methodology can be implemented on similar areas and can be used as a model of good practices in risk assessment based on financial losses by local public authorities.

SimPLE.ca: Simulator of productivity loss due to erosion for Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bremer ◽  
K J Greer ◽  
M. Black ◽  
L. Townley-Smith ◽  
S S Malhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Available N ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
The Impact

Robust and practical estimates of the impact of soil erosion on crop productivity are essential for developing and implementing appropriate solutions for soil erosion on agricultural land. The objective of this study was to develop a simple model which captured the most important relationships between topsoil erosion and productivity loss for major agricultural regions of Canada. The model was developed for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.). Using annual time steps, maximum crop yields were reduced by soil erosion due to losses in available water-holding capacity, N-mineralization potential and available P. Using minimal input data, the model accounted for 56% of the variation in relative yields (fraction of non-eroded controls) determined in field studies using desurfacing or comparison plot methods. Key words: Available N and P, model, nutrients, productivity loss, simulator, soil erosion, soil properties, yield loss

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