scholarly journals The altered gut microbiota of high-purine-induced hyperuricemia rats and its correlation with hyperuricemia

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Liu ◽  
Qiulan Lv ◽  
Hongyan Ren ◽  
Liu Gao ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes

Some studies on the hyperuricemia (HUA) have focused on intestinal bacteria. To better understand the correlation between gut microbiota and HUA, we established a HUA rat model with high-purine diet, and used 16S rRNA genes sequencing to analyze gut microbiota changes in HUA rats. To analyze the potential role played by gut microbiota in HUA, we altered the gut microbiota of HUA rats with antibiotics, and compared the degree of uric acid elevation between HUA and antibiotic-fed HUA rats (Ab+HUA). Finally, we established a recipient rat model, in which we transplanted fecal microbiota of HUA and normal rats into recipient rats. Three weeks later, we compared the uric acid content of recipient rats. As a result, the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota had changed in HUA rats. The Ab-fed HUA rats had significantly lower uric acid content compared to the HUA rats, and gut microbiota from HUA rats increased uric acid content of recipient rats. The genera Vallitalea, Christensenella and Insolitispirillum may associate with HUA. Our findings highlight the association between gut microbiota and HUA, and the potential role played by gut microbiota in HUA. We hope that this finding will promote the isolation and culture of HUA-related bacteria and orient HUA-related studies from being correlational to mechanistic. These steps will therefore make it possible for us to treat HUA using gut microbiota as the target.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Shen-Yan-Fang-Shuai Formula Improves Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Junfeng Lu ◽  
Jingwei Zhou ◽  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Yang Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Obesity and related metabolic disorders are associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, disrupted intestinal barrier and chronic inflammation. Shen-Yan-Fang-Shuai formula (SYFSF) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula composed of Astragali Radix, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rheum Officinale Baill, and four other herbs. In this study, we identified that SYFSF treatment prevented weight gain, low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. SYFSF also substantially improved gut barrier function, reduced metabolic endotoxemia, as well as systemic inflammation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes obtained from fecal samples demonstrated that SYFSF attenuated HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, seen an decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratios. Microbial richness and diversity were also higher in the SYFSF-treated HFD group. Furthermore, similar therapeutic effects and changes in gut microbiota profile caused by SYFSF could be replicated by fecal microbiota transfer (FMT). Taken together, our study highlights the efficacy of SYFSF in preventing obesity and related metabolic disorders. Its therapeutic effect is associated with the modulation of gut microbiota, as a prebiotic.

scholarly journals Increase in Terminal Restriction Fragments of Bacteroidetes-Derived 16S rRNA Genes after Administration of Short-Chain Fructooligosaccharides

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 6271-6276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Nakanishi ◽  
Koichiro Murashima ◽  
Hiroki Ohara ◽  
Takahisa Suzuki ◽  
Hidenori Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Culture Independent

ABSTRACT It is well known that short chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) modify intestinal microbiota in animals as well as in humans. Since most murine intestinal bacteria are still uncultured, it is difficult for a culturing method to detect changes in intestinal microbiota after scFOS administration in a mouse model. In this study, we sought markers of positive change in murine intestinal microbiota after scFOS administration using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, which is a culture-independent method. The T-RFLP profiles showed that six terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) were significantly increased after scFOS administration. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA partial gene sequences of murine fecal bacteria suggested that four of six T-RFs that increased after scFOS administration were derived from the 16S rRNA genes of the class Bacteroidetes. Preliminary quantification of Bacteroidetes by real-time PCR suggests that the 16S rRNA genes derived from Bacteroidetes were increased by scFOS administration. Therefore, the T-RFs derived from Bacteroidetes are good markers of change of murine intestinal microbiota after scFOS administration.

scholarly journals Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine A. Tanner ◽  
Christophe Lacroix ◽  
Christophe Del’Homme ◽  
Christoph Jans ◽  
Annina Zihler Berner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bifidobacterium Thermophilum ◽  
The Impact

Modulating the gut microbiota via dietary interventions is a common strategy to enhance the natural defence mechanisms of the host. Several in vitro studies have highlighted the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of RBL67 alone and combined with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs. Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions were analysed with pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. Metabolic activity in the caecum and colon was measured by HPLC. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that minipig faeces show close similarity to pig microbiota. During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105–106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. Our data indicate that the Göttingen minipig may be a suitable model for gut microbiota research in pigs. Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications.

scholarly journals Characteristics of gut microbiota in people with obesity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255446
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Duan ◽  
Yuezhu Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Rong Zou ◽  
Min Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control

Background Obesity is the cause of cardiovascular diseases and other diseases, leading to increased medical costs, and causing a great burden to individuals, families and society. The prevalence of obesity is increasing and has become a global health problem. There is growing evidence that gut microbiota plays an important role in obesity. In this article, we revealed the differences in the gut microbiota between 21 people with obesity and 21 control subjects, and predicted the functional potential changes by 16S rRNA sequencing of the fecal bacteria of the subjects. Methods The raw sequencing data of 21 healthy Beijing volunteers was downloaded from Microbial Genome Database System. Microbial 16S rRNA genes of 21 adults with obesity were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq instrument and analyzed by using bioinformatics and statistical methods. Results The diversity of gut microbiota in people with obesity decreased significantly. There were significant differences in gut microbiota between the Obesity and Control group at different levels. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria are significantly different between the Obesity and Control group. In people with obesity, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes decreased significantly. At the genus level, there were significant differences among the 16 major genera, of which four genera Prevotella, Megamonas, Fusobacterium and Blautia increased significantly in people with obesity, while the remaining 12 genera, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, Gemmiger and Clostridium XlVa, etc. decreased significantly. At the species level, nine species including Bacteroides uniformis and Prevotella copri had significant differences. Compared with the control group, subjects with obesity were abnormalities in 57 pathways, mainly in Carbohydrate metabolism and Lipid metabolism. Conclusions Overall, our study revealed differences in the gut microbiota between people with obesity and control subjects, providing novel target for the treatment of individuals with obesity.

scholarly journals Molecular biological methods for studying the gut microbiota: the EU human gut flora project

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (S2) ◽  
pp. S203-S211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Blaut ◽  
M.D. Collins ◽  
G. W. Welling ◽  
J. Doré ◽  
J. van Loo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Joint Project

Seven European laboratories co-operated in a joint project (FAIR CT97-3035) to develop, refine and apply molecular methods towards facilitating elucidation of the complex composition of the human intestinal microflora and to devise robust methodologies for monitoring the gut flora in response to diet. An extensive database of 16S rRNA sequences for tracking intestinal bacteria was generated by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes of new faecal isolates and of clones obtained by amplification with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on faecal DNA from subjects belonging to different age groups. The analyses indicated that the number of different species (diversity) present in the human gut increased with age. The sequence information generated, provided the basis for design of 16S rRNA-directed oligonucleotide probes to specifically detect bacteria at various levels of phylogenetic hierarchy. The probes were tested for their specificity and used in whole-cell and dot-blot hybridisations. The applicability of the developed methods was demonstrated in several studies and the major outcomes are described.

scholarly journals The DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin alters the gut microbiota and prevents neuronal damage of hippocampus in STZ induced type 2 diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chang ◽  
Ting Xiang ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Fanlin Zhou ◽  
Jie Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Neuropathy ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background : Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance with increasing risk of specific complication, including central neuropathy. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are agents designed to regulate hyperglicemia through increasing the half-life of incretins. Although they are administered orally, their effects on central neuropathy and gut microbiota remain unclear. Our objective was aimed to identify the impact of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin on gut microbiota and central neuropathy in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes Methods: Diabetic rats were induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. Diabetic rats were orally administered a dose of sitagliptin (10mg/kd/d), and normal diet for 12 weeks. Fecal DNA extraction and sequencing based on analysis of 16S rRNA genes was used to determine the overall structure of microbiota in fecal samples. Then rats were killed, of which the brain tissue sections were observed for changes of neurons in the hippocampus by HE staining. Results: Sequencing of the V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes revealed that sitagliptin significantly altered the gut microbiota. Compared to the diabetic group, Shannon index and the abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes decreased significantly, whereas the proportion of phylum Firmicutes increased significantly in the sitagliptin-treated rats. Moreover, higher abundance of a few putative short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, including Clostridium and Fusobacterium was observed remarkably after sitaglitin treatment. Genera Lactobacillus , Streptococcus and Clostridium, which could produce some neurotransmitters, were also found increased substantially in the sitagliptin-treated rats. Notably, we found that sitagliptin treatment could ameliorate the abnormal changes of pyramidal neurons in hippocampus with HE staining. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that sitagliptin prevented the neuronal damage of hippocampus in type 2 diabetic rats, accompanied by changes of gut microbiome. It indicated that sitagliptin might alleviate diabetic central neuropathy through triggering “microbiota-gut-brain” axis.

scholarly journals Colonization and Development of the Fecal Microflora of South China Tiger Cubs (Panthera tigris amoyensis) by Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yanfa Sun ◽  
Jie Yao ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Tengteng Chen ◽  
Weihua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
South China ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Microflora

Postnatal colonization and development of the gut microbiota is linked to health and growth. A comprehensive understanding of the postnatal compositional changes and development of the microbial community is helpful to understand the gut health and improve the survival rate of South China tiger cubs (<i>Panthera tigris amoyensis</i>). Fecal samples from three tiger cubs were collected on the day of birth in 2018 (June 17–21 [G0], July 18 [G1], July 31 [G2], and August 7 [G3]). The 16S rRNA genes of the fecal microflora were sequenced. Results showed that 38 phyla, 58 classes, 134 orders, 272 families, and 636 genera of bacteria from 3,059 operational taxonomic units were identified from 12 fecal samples. The diversity and abundance of species of group G0 were significantly higher (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05 or 0.01) than those of groups G2 and G3. The predominant phylum was Proteobacteria in groups G0 and G1 (38.85% and 48%, respectively) and Firmicutes in groups G2 and G3 (71.42% and 75.29%, respectively). At the phylum level, the abundance of Deinococcus-Thermus was significantly decreased in groups G1, G2, and G3 as compared to group G0 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), while that of Firmicutes was significantly increased in groups G2 and G3 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, <i>Ralstonia</i>, and unidentified <i>Rickettsiales</i> was significantly decreased in groups G1, G2, and G3 as compared with group G0 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), while that of <i>Pseudomonas</i> was significantly decreased in groups G2 and G3 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The composition and structure of fecal microbiota of South China tiger cubs changed after birth.

scholarly journals Relative Abundance of Bacteroides spp. in Stools and Wastewaters as Determined by Hierarchical Oligonucleotide Primer Extension

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2882-2893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Ying Hong ◽  
Jer-Horng Wu ◽  
Wen-Tso Liu
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Primer Extension ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primer ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Dna Templates ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Relative Abundances

ABSTRACT A molecular method, termed hierarchical oligonucleotide primer extension (HOPE), was used to determine the relative abundances of predominant Bacteroides spp. present in fecal microbiota and wastewaters. For this analysis, genomic DNA in feces of healthy human adults, bovines, and swine and in wastewaters was extracted and total bacterial 16S rRNA genes were PCR amplified and used as the DNA templates for HOPE. Nineteen oligonucleotide primers were designed to detect 14 Bacteroides spp. at different hierarchical levels (domain, order, cluster, and species) and were arranged into and used in six multiplex HOPE reaction mixtures. Results showed that species like B. vulgatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. caccae, B. uniformis, B. fragilis, B. eggerthii, and B. massiliensis could be individually detected in human feces at abundances corresponding to as little as 0.1% of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. Minor species like B. pyogenes, B. salyersiae, and B. nordii were detected only collectively using a primer that targeted the B. fragilis subgroup (corresponding to ∼0.2% of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes). Furthermore, Bac303-related targets (i.e., most Bacteroidales) were observed to account for 28 to 44% of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes from human fecal microbiota, and their abundances were higher than those detected in the bovine and swine fecal microbiota and in wastewaters by factors of five and two, respectively. These results were comparable to those obtained by quantitative PCR and to those reported previously from studies using whole-cell fluorescence hybridization and 16S rRNA clone library methods, supporting the conclusion that HOPE can be a sensitive, specific, and rapid method to determine the relative abundances of Bacteroides spp. predominant in fecal samples.

Differentiation Of Clarias Batrachus, C. Gariepinus And Heteropneustes Fossilis By Pcr-Sequencing Of Mitochondrial 16s Rrna Gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamimul Alam ◽  
Hawa Jahan ◽  
Rowshan Ara Begum ◽  
Reza M Shahjahan
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Fish Larva ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Alternative Means

Heteropneustesfossilis, Clariasbatrachus and C. gariepinus are three major catfishes ofecological and economic importance. Identification of these fish species becomes aproblem when the usual external morphological features of the fish are lost or removed,such as in canned fish. Also, newly hatched fish larva is often difficult to identify. PCRsequencingprovides accurate alternative means of identification of individuals at specieslevel. So, 16S rRNA genes of three locally collected catfishes were sequenced after PCRamplification and compared with the same gene sequences available from othergeographical regions. Multiple sequence alignment of the 16S rRNA gene fragments ofthe catfish species has revealed polymorphic sites which can be used to differentiate thesethree species from one another and will provide valuable insight in choosing appropriaterestriction enzymes for PCR-RFLP based identification in future. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41(1): 51-58, June 2015

scholarly journals Effects of Supplement of Marichromatium gracile YL28 on Water Quality and Microbial Structures in Shrimp Mariculture Ecosystems

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Liang Cui ◽  
Bitong Zhu ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Zhuhua Chan ◽  
Chungui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Shrimp Culture

The elevated NH3-N and NO2-N pollution problems in mariculture have raised concerns because they pose threats to animal health and coastal and offshore environments. Supplement of Marichromatium gracile YL28 (YL28) into polluted shrimp rearing water and sediment significantly decreased ammonia and nitrite concentrations, showing that YL28 functioned as a novel safe marine probiotic in the shrimp culture industry. The diversity of aquatic bacteria in the shrimp mariculture ecosystems was studied by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA genes, with respect to additions of YL28 at the low and high concentrations. It was revealed by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis that Proteobacteria, Planctomycete and Bacteroidetes dominated the community (>80% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs)). Up to 41.6% of the predominant bacterial members were placed in the classes Gammaproteobacteria (14%), Deltaproteobacteria (14%), Planctomycetacia (8%) and Alphaproteobacteria (5.6%) while 40% of OTUs belonged to unclassified ones or others, indicating that the considerable bacterial populations were novel in our shrimp mariculture. Bacterial communities were similar between YL28 supplements and control groups (without addition of YL28) revealed by the β-diversity using PCoA, demonstrating that the additions of YL28 did not disturb the microbiota in shrimp mariculture ecosystems. Instead, the addition of YL28 increased the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria. The quantitative PCR analysis further showed that key genes including nifH and amoA involved in nitrification and nitrate or nitrite reduction significantly increased with YL28 supplementation (p < 0.05). The supplement of YL28 decreased the relative abundance of potential pathogen Vibrio. Together, our studies showed that supplement of YL28 improved the water quality by increasing the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria while the microbial community structure persisted in shrimp mariculture ecosystems.

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