scholarly journals Exercise mode and attentional networks in older adults: a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8364
Author(s):  
Biye Wang ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
Exercise Mode ◽  
Skill Group ◽  
Attentional Function ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
The Relationship

Background Previous studies have indicated that physical exercise enhances attentional function; however, the relationship between exercise mode and attentional networks has not been clarified for older adults (>60 years old). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between attentional networks and different exercise modes in older adults. Methods Two hundred and fifty-nine participants aged between 60 to 81 years were enrolled and classified into three groups (closed-skill group, open-skill group, or sedentary control group) using an exercise-related questionnaire. All participants completed an attention network test (ANT), which measured executive control, orienting, and alerting networks. Results The open-skill group had significantly higher executive network efficiency compared to the closed-skill (p < 0.01) and sedentary (p < 0.01) groups. The closed-skill group had significantly higher values compared to the sedentary control group (p < 0.05). Differences were not detected among groups for alerting and orienting networks (p > 0.05). The open-skill group had significantly higher values compared to the sedentary control group regarding proportion score of executive network (p < 0.01). In comparison, no significant differences were detected among groups for proportion scores of alerting and orienting networks. Conclusion This study extends current knowledge by demonstrating that open-skill exercises selectively enhance the executive control of attentional networks in older adults. Open-skill exercises combines physical exercise and cognitive training, potentially representing a more effective exercise mode to maintain or enhance attentional function in older adults.

Influence of Aerobic Fitness on the Neurocognitive Function of Older Adults

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Kramer ◽  
Sowon Hahn ◽  
Edward McAuley
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Task Coordination ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Hypothesis

The article provides a brief review of the literature on the relationship between aerobic Fitness and neurocognitive function, particularly as it relates to older adults. Cross-sectional studies provide strong support for the beneficial influence of fitness on neurocognitive function. The longitudinal or interventional literature, however, provides more equivocal support for this relationship. In discussing the literature, the authors introduce a new hypothesis, the executive control/fitness hypothesis, which suggests that selective neurocognitive benefits will be observed with improvements in aerobic fitness; that is, executive control processes that include planning, scheduling, task coordination, inhibition, and working memory will benefit from enhanced fitness. Preliminary evidence for this hypothesis is discussed.

scholarly journals Exercise Mode Moderates the Relationship Between Mobility and Basal Ganglia Volume in Healthy Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay S. Nagamatsu ◽  
Andrea M. Weinstein ◽  
Kirk I. Erickson ◽  
Jason Fanning ◽  
Elizabeth A. Awick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Mode ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Physical Exercise for Individuals with Dementia: potential benefits perceived by Formal Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldina Sampaio ◽  
I Marques-Aleixo ◽  
A Seabra ◽  
J Mota ◽  
J Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Formal Caregivers ◽  
Katz Index

Abstract Background: The social and economic impact of dementia for the development of accessible and sustainable care for individuals with dementia (IwD). Physical exercise has been seen as a beneficial non-pharmacological therapy in the prevention and management of dementia, and possible benefits may not only impact on participants, but also indirectly on their caregivers. Thus, this quasi-experimental non-randomized study aimed to analyze the effects of an exercise intervention on functional capacity, behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) and quality of life of institutionalized older adults with dementia, perceived by their formal caregivers. Methods: Sixty-four institutionalized older adults (from both genders, aged 65–93 yrs. old), clinically diagnosed with dementia, were divided into two groups: control group (CG, continued with usual care, n= 26) and exercise group (EG, 6-month supervised multicomponent exercise intervention, n= 38). Nine caregivers (female, aged 28-47 yrs old) from nine different nursing homes, reported about their distress related to BPSD and proxy-reported about participants’ functional capacity (Katz index), quality of life (QoL-AD), BPSD (NPI) before and after 6 months of an exercise intervention (aerobic, muscular resistance, flexibility and postural exercises). Results: A two-way ANOVA, with repeated measures, revealed significant group and time interactions on Total Katz index and QoL-AD. The CG's performance functional capacity and quality of life score worsen over time while in EG maintains these values after the exercise intervention. Moreover, formal caregiver´s distress triggered by apathy and disinhibition increased in CG while after 6 months of an exercise intervention no alterations were seen regarding these distress causes in EG. No significant main effects were observed for total NPI score or NPI distress.Conclusions: Overall results show that after the exercise intervention, IwD from the EG, was capable of preserving the functional capacity, quality of life and neuropsychiatric symptoms were attenuate, contributing to a lower load of distress for the caregivers. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04095962. Registered 19 September 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04095962

scholarly journals Physical Exercise for Individuals with Dementia: potential benefits perceived by Formal Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldina Sampaio ◽  
I Marques-Aleixo ◽  
A Seabra ◽  
J Mota ◽  
J Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Formal Caregivers ◽  
Katz Index

Abstract Background: The social and economic impact of dementia for the development of accessible and sustainable care for individuals with dementia (IwD). Physical exercise has been seen as a beneficial non-pharmacological therapy in the prevention and management of dementia, and possible benefits may not only impact on participants, but also indirectly on their caregivers. Thus, this quasi-experimental non-randomized study aimed to analyze the effects of an exercise intervention on functional capacity, behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) and quality of life of institutionalized older adults with dementia, perceived by their formal caregivers. Methods: Sixty-four institutionalized older adults (from both genders, aged 65–93 yrs. old), clinically diagnosed with dementia, were divided into two groups: control group (CG, continued with usual care, n= 26) and exercise group (EG, 6-month supervised multicomponent exercise intervention, n= 38). Nine caregivers (female, aged 28-47 yrs old) from nine different nursing homes, reported about their distress related to BPSD and proxy-reported about participants’ functional capacity (Katz index), quality of life (QoL-AD), BPSD (NPI) before and after 6 months of an exercise intervention (aerobic, muscular resistance, flexibility and postural exercises). Results: A two-way ANOVA, with repeated measures, revealed significant group and time interactions on Total Katz index and QoL-AD. The CG's performance functional capacity and quality of life score worsen over time while in EG maintains these values after the exercise intervention. Moreover, formal caregiver´s distress triggered by apathy and disinhibition increased in CG while after 6 months of an exercise intervention no alterations were seen regarding these distress causes in EG. No significant main effects were observed for total NPI score or NPI distress.Conclusions: Overall results show that after the exercise intervention, IwD from the EG, was capable of preserving the functional capacity, quality of life and neuropsychiatric symptoms were attenuate, contributing to a lower load of distress for the caregivers.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04095962. Retrospectively registered on 19 September 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04095962

scholarly journals IS COMBINED TRAINING MORE EFFECTIVE THAN SINGLE-DOMAIN TRAINING: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL WITH OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S721-S721
Author(s):  
Soledad Ballesteros ◽  
Jennifer Rieker ◽  
josé M Reales ◽  
julia Mayas ◽  
María Pilar Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Activity

Abstract Previous research suggests that both cognitive training and physical exercise help to maintain brain health and cognitive functions that decline with age. The main objectives of this four-arms RCT are (1) to investigate the synergetic effects of a group-based multidomain training program that combines cognitive video-game training with physical exercise, in comparison to those produced by cognitive training combined with physical control activity, physical training combined with cognitive control activity, or a combination of both control activities; (2) to investigate in a memory-based task switching task whether event Related Potential (ERP) latencies of the P2 component are shorter, and N2 and P3b components are enhanced after training; and (3) to find out whether possible enhancements persist after a 3-month period without training. One hundred and twenty participants will be randomly assigned to one of the four combinations of cognitive training and physical exercise. The cognitive component will be either video-game training (cognitive intervention, CI) or video games not specifically designed to train cognition (cognitive control, CC). The physical exercise component will either emphasize endurance, strength, and music-movement coordination (exercise intervention, EI) or stretching, toning and relaxation (exercise control, EC). This RCT will investigate the short and long-term effects of combined multi-domain training compared to cognitive training and physical training alone, on executive control and memory functions of healthy older adults, in comparison with the performance of an active control group. This trial is an ongoing project started in 2018. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03823183; https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/

scholarly journals A SINGLE PHYSICAL EDUCATION SESSION IMPROVES SUBSEQUENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN RURAL SCHOOL STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-536
Author(s):  
Eva Kamila Pinto Silva ◽  
Isabela Almeida Ramos ◽  
Pierre Soares Brandão ◽  
Raiane Maiara dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Stéphany Vieira Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Session ◽  
School Students ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Exercise Class ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Introduction: Activity breaks or physical exercise interventions in schools are linked to better cognitive function in adolescents. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between physical exercise and cognition in rural schools, where drop-out levels tend to be higher and academic achievement lower. Objective: To analyze the effects of a physical exercise class (PE) on subsequent academic performance of students, and how they felt during mathematics (MATH) and Portuguese language (PL) tests. Methods: Thirty-six students (14.9 ± 1.5 years) randomly carried out 30 min of PE, performed at 74.3 ± 11.8%HRmax, while a control group (CON) remained seated watching a movie, prior to the tests (PE-MATH; PE-PL; CON-MATH; CON-PL). Results: The PE-MATH group presented higher scores (5.3 ± 2.2) than the CON-MATH group (4.0 ± 2.2). The tests were completed more quickly in PE-PL (7.8 ± 3.3 minutes) than in CON-PL (10.5 ± 4.2 minutes). The number of correct answer per minute was higher in PE-MATH and PE-PL (0.52 ± 0.25; 0.64 ± 0.51) than in CON-MATH and CON-PL (0.35 ± 0.19; 0.41 ± 0.41). Furthermore, 38.9% of PE-MATH felt more focused during the test, while only 16.7% of CON-MATH felt more focused. During the Portuguese language test, 27.8% of CON-PL complained of greater apprehensiveness, compared to 8.3% for PE-PL. Also, 36.1% reported feeling fatigued during PL after PE, compared to 8.3% in the CON-PL group. Conclusions: PE improved the adolescents' academic performance. Despite feeling fatigue, more students who performed physical exercise felt less apprehensive and more focused during the tests after PE. Level of evidence I; STARD: studies of diagnostic accuracy.

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