scholarly journals Migraine aura, a predictor of near-death experiences in a crowdsourced study

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kondziella ◽  
Markus Harboe Olsen ◽  
Coline L. Lemale ◽  
Jens P. Dreier
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
English Language ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Migraine Aura ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
Near Death Experiences

Background Near-death experiences (NDE) occur with imminent death and in situations of stress and danger but are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that NDE are associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep intrusion, a feature of narcolepsy. Previous studies further found REM abnormalities and an increased frequency of dream-enacting behavior in migraine patients, as well as an association between migraine with aura and narcolepsy. We therefore investigated if NDE are more common in people with migraine aura. Methods We recruited 1,037 laypeople from 35 countries and five continents, without any filters except for English language and age ≥18 years, via a crowdsourcing platform. Reports were validated using the Greyson NDE Scale. Results Eighty-one of 1,037 participants had NDE (7.8%; CI [6.3–9.7%]). There were no significant associations between NDE and age (p > 0.6, t-test independent samples) or gender (p > 0.9, Chi-square test). The only significant association was between NDE and migraine aura: 48 (6.1%) of 783 subjects without migraine aura and 33 (13.0%) of 254 subjects with migraine aura had NDE (p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 2.29). In multiple logistic regression analysis, migraine aura remained significant after adjustment for age (p < 0.001, OR = 2.31), gender (p < 0.001, OR = 2.33), or both (p < 0.001, OR = 2.33). Conclusions In our sample, migraine aura was a predictor of NDE. This indirectly supports the association between NDE and REM intrusion and might have implications for the understanding of NDE, because a variant of spreading depolarization (SD), terminal SD, occurs in humans at the end of life, while a short-lasting variant of SD is considered the pathophysiological correlate of migraine aura.

scholarly journals Migraine aura, a predictor of near-death experiences in a crowdsourced study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kondziella ◽  
Markus Harboe Olsen ◽  
Coline L. Lemale ◽  
Jens P. Dreier
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Migraine Aura ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
Near Death Experiences

AbstractBackgroundNear-death experiences (NDE) occur with imminent death and in situations of stress and danger but are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that NDE are associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep intrusion, a feature of narcolepsy. Previous studies further found REM abnormalities and an increased frequency of dream-enacting behavior in migraine patients, as well as an association between migraine with aura and narcolepsy. We therefore investigated if NDE are more common in people with migraine aura.MethodsWe recruited 1037 laypeople from 35 countries via a crowdsourcing platform. Reports were validated using the Greyson NDE Scale.ResultsEighty-one of 1037 participants had NDE (7.8%; CI 6.3-9.7%). There were no significant associations between NDE and age (p>0.6, t-test independent samples) or gender (p>0.9, chi-square test). The only significant association was between NDE and migraine aura: Forty-eight (6.1%) of 783 subjects without migraine aura and 33 (13.0%) of 254 subjects with migraine aura had NDE (p<0.001, chi-square test, odds ratio (OR) = 2.29). In multiple logistic regression analysis, migraine aura remained significant after adjustment for age (p≤0.001, OR 2.31), gender (p<0.001, OR 2.33), or both (p<0.001, OR 2.33).ConclusionsIn our sample, migraine aura was a predictor of NDE. This indirectly supports the association between NDE and REM intrusion and might have implications for the understanding of NDE, because a variant of spreading depolarization (SD), terminal SD, occurs in humans at the end of life, while a short-lasting variant of SD is considered the pathophysiological correlate of migraine aura.

scholarly journals SAT-564 Effectiveness of Treatment with Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonistsin Primary Aldosteronism

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Tezuka ◽  
Adina Turcu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Low Renin Hypertension

Abstract Background: Medical treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) is preferred for patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) who are not surgical candidates. Adequate mineralocorticoid receptor blockade, as suggested by renin elevation above suppression levels, has been associated with lower rates of cardiovascular and renal complications as compared with PA with sustained renin suppression. Objectives: To assess the timeline and rates of achieving target renin levels in patients with PA and low renin hypertension treated with MRAs. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with hypertension who were treated with MRAs in an academic center between 2003-2019. Of these, we included patients who had suppressed renin at baseline, and repeated renin measurement(s) during MRAs therapy. Renin suppression was defined as plasma renin activity (PRA) 1.0 ng/mL/h or direct renin concentration (DRC) 8.0 pg/mL. We excluded patients with adrenal cancer, end-stage renal disease, exogenous glucocorticoids, and critically ill. Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed, as appropriate. Results: So far, 89 patients (45 men), median age 56 (range, 19-84), have been included. Of these, 46% had confirmed PA; 25% had positive PA screening, but no confirmatory tests; and 29% had other forms of low-renin hypertension. On average, patients were on 2.9 1.6 antihypertensive agents; 62% of patients were prescribed beta blockers, and 38% were on K+ supplements. Overall, renin (PRA in 69 cases, and DRC in 20 cases) increased after MRA treatment (from 0.40 [0.10, 0.60] ng/mL/h to 1.10 [0.60, 2.23] ng/mL/h; and from 2.1 [2.1, 3.7] pg/mL to 5.7 [2.9, 16.7] pg/mL, respectively, p&lt;0.0001 for both). The cumulative proportions of patients in whom renin reached target levels during MRA treatment were: 25% at 2 weeks; 38.9% at 1 month; 34.2% at 3 months; 39.5% at 6 months; and 47.2% at 1 year. Age, sex, race, blood pressure, use of beta blockers, renal function, serum K+ and aldosterone concentrations were similar between patients with target vs. suppressed renin. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that after adjusting for age and sex, higher MRA dose and higher BMI were associated with higher likelihood of achieving target renin during MRA therapy (odds ratio (95%CI): 1.021 (1.001-1.041) and 1.097 (1.008-1.193), respectively, p&lt;0.05 for both); conversely, beta blockers use tended to be less often associated with target renin (odds ratio, 0.37 (0.13-1.008), p=0.052). Conclusion: Although raising renin above suppression levels is important for reducing the cardiovascular risk associated with PA, this goal is achieved in less than half of patients, even after one year of treatment with MRAs, in an academic setting. Strategies for optimizing PA treatment are critically needed.

scholarly journals Prevalência de lesões em atletas de Brazilian jiu-jitsu: comparação entre diferentes níveis competitivos

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Nelson da Silva Júnior ◽  
Rafael Lima Kons ◽  
Rodolfo André Dellagrana ◽  
Daniele Detanico
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Injury Occurrence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study aimed to identify types and sites of body injury, location of injury occurrence, and the mechanism and severity of injuries in novice and advanced Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes. One hundred and eight BJJ athletes took part in this study separated in two groups: advanced (n = 53) and novice (n = 55). Athletes answered a questionnaire concerning regions of injury, locality of occurrence, injury severity and mechanism. Chi square test and a logistic regression analysis were used with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. The main results showed that shoulders and knees were the most injury location reported by novice and advanced athletes. Novice athletes demonstrated higher prevalence of injuries during training sessions (54.5%), whereas advanced athletes reported more injuries during competitions (66.1%). Significant associations between novice and advanced athletes were observed for major joints (p < 0.05). The odds ratio of having injury was 70-87% less for novice versus advanced athletes for the major joints cited. We concluded that BJJ athletes demonstrate high prevalence of injury mainly at knee and shoulder. While risk of injury appeared less in novice, the advanced demonstrated higher number of injuries during competitions as a consequence of injured joint keys. By contrast, novice athletes reported higher number of injuries associated with training sessions as a consequence of overuse.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Serious Injuries among Adolescents in Ghana: Findings from 2012 Global School Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Martin Ackah ◽  
Mohammed Gazali Salifu ◽  
Hosea Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Amphetamine Use ◽  
School Truancy ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Smoking Marijuana

Introduction. Injuries are of public health concern and the leading cause of residual disability and death among teenagers, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Ghana, the burden of injury among adolescents is under-reported. Hence, the study sought to determine the prevalence of serious injuries (SI) and the potential factors influencing these injuries among school children in Ghana. Methods. This study was conducted in Ghana among Junior High School (JHS) and senior high school students (SHS) using the 2012 Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) data. The GSHS employed two-stage cluster sampling method. Serious injuries (SI) and independent factors were measured via self-administered questionnaires. Pearson chi-square test between each explanatory variable and serious injuries was conducted and the level of statistical significance was set at 5%. The significant variables from the chi-square test were selected for multiple logistic regression analysis. Multiple logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The prevalence of SI in the past 12 months was 66% [CI=61.8–70.2] . The most common cause of SI was fall, 36%. The common types of injuries were cut/stab wounds and broken/dislocated bone. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, after controlling for other variables, educational level (AOR = 0.64, CI = 0.44–0.90, p  < 0.015), suicidal ideation (AOR = 1.58, CI = 1.00–2.48, p  < 0.002), suicidal attempt (AOR = 1.88, CI = 1.29–2.72, p  < 0.001), having at least one close friend (AOR = 1.49, CI = 1.17–1.89, p  < 0.002), school truancy (AOR = 1.66, CI = 1.31–2.09, p  < 0.000), smoking marijuana (AOR = 2.64, CI = 1.22–5.69), and amphetamine use (AOR = 2.95, CI = 1.46–5.69) were independently associated with SI. Conclusion. The findings of the study established a high prevalence of SI among adolescents in Ghana, with cut/stab wound and broken/dislocated bone being the most reported type of injuries. This study also revealed that factors such as educational level, suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, at least one close friend, school truancy, smoking marijuana, and amphetamine use are associated with SI among the adolescents. Therefore, pragmatic interventional programs should be targeted at these factors to curb the rate of SI among junior and senior school students.

Risk Factors for Developing Peritonitis Caused by Micro-Organisms of Enteral Origin in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Caravaca ◽  
Rosa Ruiz-Calero ◽  
Carmen Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Dialysis Patients

Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with the development of peritonitis caused by enteral bacteria in peritoneal dialysis patients, including the prescription of gastric acid inhibitors as a potential risk factor. Design Retrospective single-center study. Setting Tertiary university hospital. Patients an d Main Outcome Measures Fifty-five patients who entered into our continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) program during the last 6 years were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to establish the best determinants over the development of at least one episode of enteric peritonitis. The predictive variables included in the model were: age, gender, diabetic versus nondiabetic, polycystic versus nonpolycystic kidney diseases, history of constipation, presence or absence of moderate/severe malnutrition, peritoneal transport characteristics, peritoneal protein losses, rate of exit-site infections, rate of total peritonitis, intestinal abnormalities, and treatment with inhibitors of gastric acid secretion. Results The total number of peritonitis episodes during the studied period was 88, which clustered in 34 of 55 patients. Fourteen (16%) were caused by enteric microorganisms in 10 patients: Escherichia coli (6), Klebsiella sp (2), Enterobacter sp (1), and Enterococcus sp (5). Nine of 10 patients who developed enteric peritonitis were on gastric acid inhibitors (3 patients on omeprazole and 6 patients on H2-antagonists), while 15 of 45 patients who did not develop enteric peritonitis were on gastric acid inhibitors (all of them on H2-blockers). There were temporal relationships between the start of gastric acid inhibitors and the development of enteric peritonitis in 6 of 9 patients who were on this medication. Four of 10 patients who developed enteric peritonitis had diverticulosis. Ten of 45 patients who did not develop enteric peritonitis had been diagnosed with diverticulosis of the colon or sigmoid prior to entry to CAPD. The unique patient who was not on gastric acid inhibitors and developed enteric peritonitis, had been diagnosed with chronic atrophic gastritis with achlorhydria. By multiple logistic regression analysis, the treatment with gastric acid inhibitors was the only independent variable that entered into the best predictive equation over the development of enteric peritonitis (Iog likelihood ratio = -26.077, odds ratio = 18; 95% CI odds ratio: 2 - 155). Conclusion Gastric acid inhibitors may increase the risk for developing enteric peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Factors associated with prolonged psychiatric intensive care unit admission at Somdet Chaophraya Institute of Psychiatry, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Poom Chompoosri ◽  
Thatsani Kunchanaphongphan
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Compulsory Admission ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated

Aim: Our objective is to determine factors associated with prolonged psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission at Somdet Chaophraya Institute of Psychiatry (SCIP).<br/> Method: We reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to the PICU between 1 July 2016 and 31 December 2016 meeting PICU admission criteria. We defined prolonged admission as PICU clinical stay of longer than five days. We then performed univariate binary logistic regression analysis to analyse the association between factors and prolonged PICU admission. Factors with p-value <0.25 were then included in backward stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis.<br/> Results: We included 293 cases then excluded 42 of them using our exclusion criteria (30 were discharged by other means and 12 cases were due to inability to obtain essential information). Of 251 studied cases, 112 cases (44.6%) had prolonged PICU admission. Univariate logistic regression analysis found that a history of prior PICU admission, compulsory admission, treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and primary diagnosis were associated with prolonged PICU admission with p-value <0.25. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, factors associated with prolonged PICU admission were: compulsory admission (adjusted odds ratio 2.45, 95% CI 1.06–5.69 when adjusted with treatment with ECT) and treatment with ECT during PICU admission (adjusted odds ratio 9.01, 95% CI 2.57–31.59 when adjusted with compulsory admission).<br/> Conclusions: Factors associated with prolonged PICU admission at SCIP were compulsory admission and treatment with ECT during PICU admission. We propose that further study of these two groups should provide clues on how to improve treatment in PICU.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Cláudio Rodrigues Leles ◽  
Augusto César Braz Hollanda ◽  
Marcelo Sampaio Moura ◽  
Jesus Djalma Pécora
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults. A total of 1,372 periapical radiographs of endodontically treated teeth were analyzed based on the quality of root filling, status of coronal restoration and presence of posts associated with apical periodontitis (AP). Data were analyzed statistically using odds ratio, confidence intervals and chi-square test. The prevalence of AP with adequate endodontic treatment was low (16.5%). This percentage dropped to 12.1% in cases with adequate root filling and adequate coronal restoration. Teeth with adequate endodontic treatment and poor coronal restoration had an AP prevalence of 27.9%. AP increased to 71.7% in teeth with poor endodontic treatment associated with poor coronal restoration. When poor endodontic treatment was combined with adequate coronal restoration, AP prevalence was 61.8%. The prevalence of AP was low when associated with high technical quality of root canal treatment. Poor coronal restoration increased the risk of AP even when endodontic treatment was adequate (OR=2.80; 95%CI=1.87-4.22). The presence of intracanal posts had no influence on AP prevalence.

Vicinity of Schools, But Not of Residences, Seems to Regulate Physical and Sports Activities of 13-Year-Old Teenagers in a South European Setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Magalhães ◽  
Elisabete Ramos ◽  
Maria Fátima Pina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sports Activities

Background:Proximity to urban green spaces (UGS) and open sports spaces (OSS) benefits health, promotes physical activity (PA) and sports practice (SP).Objective:Analyze the association between PA or SP according to distances between UGS or OSS and teenagers’ residences or schools.Methods:We evaluated 1333 (53.9% girls) teenagers (13 years old) living and studying in Porto, Portugal (EPITeen cohort). PA was classified as light or moderate/vigorous. Distances were the shortest routes from residences or schools to UGS/OSS, and classified in ≤250 m; >250 m to ≤500 m; >500 m to ≤750 m; >750 m. Chi-square test and chi-square for trends were used to compare proportions; associations were measured using logistic regression, through odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting to BMI and parental education.Results:Regarding vicinity’ of schools, the prevalence of moderate/vigorous PA among boys, decreases as distances to OSS increases. For girls, the prevalence of sports decreases as distances to UGS increase. For boys, we found an association between moderate/vigorous PA and proximity to OSS in the vicinity of schools: considering ≤250 m as reference, the odds of moderate/vigorous PA is 0.20 (0.06–0.63) for >250 m to ≤500 m; 0.21 (0.07–0.61) for >500 m to ≤750 m and 0.19 (0.06–0.58) for >750 m.Conclusion:Vicinities of schools seem to influence teenagers to be more physically active and increase sports participation.

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