scholarly journals Decrease in walking speed increases hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8110
Author(s):  
Takuma Inai ◽  
Tomoya Takabayashi ◽  
Mutsuaki Edama ◽  
Masayoshi Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Public Dataset ◽  
The Relationship

Background Increased daily cumulative hip moment in the frontal plane (i.e., the product of hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase and mean steps per day) is a risk factor for progression of hip osteoarthritis. Although hip osteoarthritis generally causes a decrease in the walking speed, its effect on hip moment impulse in the frontal plane is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between decrease in walking speed and hip moment impulse in the frontal plane. Methods We used a public dataset of treadmill walking in 17 older adults (mean (SD) age: 63.2 (8.0) years). The subjects walked on the treadmill for 30 s under five conditions: (1) 40% of comfortable non-dimensional speed (CNDS), (2) 55% CNDS, (3) 70% CNDS, (4) 85% CNDS, and (5) 100% CNDS. The hip moment impulse in the frontal plane non-normalized (or normalized) to step length (Nm s/kg [or Nm s/(kg m)]) for each condition was calculated. Furthermore, the relationship between walking speed and hip moment impulse in the frontal plane non-normalized (or normalized) to step length was examined using regression analysis based on a previous study. Results A decrease in non-dimensional speed (i.e., walking speed) significantly increased the non-normalized (or normalized) hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase. The relationship between walking speed and non-normalized (or normalized) hip moment impulse in the frontal plane was fitted by a second-order polynomial. Discussion This study revealed that a decrease in walking speed increased the non-normalized (or normalized) hip moment impulse in the frontal plane in healthy older adults. This finding is useful for understanding the relationship between walking speed and hip moment impulse in the frontal plane and suggests that a decrease in walking speed may actually increase the daily cumulative hip moment in the frontal plane of patients with hip osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Effects of step length and cadence on hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11870
Author(s):  
Takuma Inai ◽  
Tomoya Takabayashi ◽  
Mutsuaki Edama ◽  
Masayoshi Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Full Dataset ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Public Dataset ◽  
Over Ground Walking

Background An excessive daily cumulative hip moment in the frontal plane (determined as the product of hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase and mean number of steps per day) is a risk factor for the progression of hip osteoarthritis. Moreover, walking speed and step length decrease, whereas cadence increases in patients with hip osteoarthritis. However, the effects of step length and cadence on hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase are not known. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of step length and cadence on hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase. Methods We used a public dataset (kinetic and kinematic data) of over-ground walking and selected 31 participants randomly from the full dataset of 57 participants. The selected participants walked at a self-selected speed and repeated the exercise 15 times. We analyzed the data for all 15 trials for each participant. Multiple regression analysis was performed with the hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase as the dependent variable and step length and cadence as independent variables. Results The adjusted R2 in this model was 0.71 (p < 0.001). The standardized partial regression coefficients of step length and cadence were 0.63 (t = 5.24; p < 0.001) and −0.60 (t =  − 4.58; p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that low cadence, not short step length, increases the hip moment impulse in the frontal plane. Our findings help understand the gait pattern with low hip moment impulse in the frontal plane.

scholarly journals Dual-Task Does Not Increase Slip and Fall Risk in Healthy Young and Older Adults during Walking

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Soangra ◽  
Thurmon E. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Heel Contact ◽  
Fall Risks ◽  
The Relationship

Dual-task tests can identify gait characteristics peculiar to fallers and nonfallers. Understanding the relationship between gait performance and dual-task related cognitive-motor interference is important for fall prevention. Dual-task adapted changes in gait instability/variability can adversely affect fall risks. Although implicated, it is unclear if healthy participants’ fall risks are modified by dual-task walking conditions. Seven healthy young and seven healthy older adults were randomly assigned to normal walking and dual-task walking sessions with a slip perturbation. In the dual-task session, the participants walked and simultaneously counted backwards from a randomly provided number. The results indicate that the gait changes in dual-task walking have no destabilizing effect on gait and slip responses in healthy individuals. We also found that, during dual-tasking, healthy individuals adopted cautious gait mode (CGM) strategy that is characterized by reduced walking speed, shorter step length, increased step width, and reduced heel contact velocity and is likely to be an adaptation to minimize attentional demand and decrease slip and fall risk during limited available attentional resources. Exploring interactions between gait variability and cognitive functions while walking may lead to designing appropriate fall interventions among healthy and patient population with fall risk.

scholarly journals Normative Data for a Tablet-Based Dual-Task Assessment in Healthy Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Lussier ◽  
Kathia Saillant ◽  
Tudor Vrinceanu ◽  
Carol Hudon ◽  
Louis Bherer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
French And English ◽  
Task Assessment ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to provide normative data for a tablet-based dual-task assessment in older adults without cognitive deficits. Method In total, 264 participants aged between 60 and 90 years, French and English-speaking, were asked to perform two discrimination tasks, alone and concurrently. The participants had to answer as fast as possible to one or two images appearing in the center of the tablet by pressing to the corresponding buttons. Normative data are provided for reaction time (RT), coefficient of variation, and accuracy. Analyses of variance were performed by trial types (single-pure, single-mixed, dual-mixed), and linear regressions assessed the relationship between performance and sociodemographic characteristics. Results The participants were highly educated and a large proportion of them were women (73.9%). The accuracy on the task was very high across all blocks. RT data revealed both a task-set cost and a dual-task cost between the blocks. Age was associated with slower RT and with higher coefficient of variability. Men were significantly slower on dual-mixed trials, but their coefficient of variability was lower on single-pure trials. Education was not associated with performance. Conclusions This study provides normative data for a tablet-based dual-task assessment in older adults without cognitive impairment, which was lacking. All participants completed the task with good accuracy in less than 15 minutes and thus, the task is transferable to clinical and research settings.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Treadmill and Overground Walking Effects on Step Cycle Asymmetry in Young and Older Individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanatsu Nagano ◽  
Rezaul K. Begg ◽  
William A. Sparrow ◽  
Simon Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Step Cycle ◽  
Step Velocity

Although lower limb strength becomes asymmetrical with age, past studies of aging effects on gait biomechanics have usually analyzed only one limb. This experiment measured how aging and treadmill surface influenced both dominant and nondominant step parameters in older (mean 74.0 y) and young participants (mean 21.9 y). Step-cycle parameters were obtained from 3-dimensional position/time data during preferred-speed walking for 40 trials along a 10 m walkway and for 10 minutes of treadmill walking. Walking speed (young 1.23 m/s, older 1.24 m/s) and step velocity for the two age groups were similar in overground walking but older adults showed significantly slower walking speed (young 1.26 m/s, older 1.05 m/s) and step velocity on the treadmill due to reduced step length and prolonged step time. Older adults had shorter step length than young adults and both groups reduced step length on the treadmill. Step velocity and length of older adults’ dominant limb was asymmetrically larger. Older adults increased the proportion of double support in step time when treadmill walking. This adaptation combined with reduced step velocity and length may preserve balance. The results suggest that bilateral analyses should be employed to accurately describe asymmetric features of gait especially for older adults.

scholarly journals Strength and functional deficits in individuals with hip osteoarthritis compared to healthy, older adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. Judd ◽  
Abbey C. Thomas ◽  
Michael R. Dayton ◽  
Jennifer E. Stevens-Lapsley
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Functional Deficits

scholarly journals Sex moderations in the relationship between aortic stiffness, cognition, and cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy older adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257815
Author(s):  
Dalia Sabra ◽  
Brittany Intzandt ◽  
Laurence Desjardins-Crepeau ◽  
Antoine Langeard ◽  
Christopher J. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Moderation Model ◽  
Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Cine Phase Contrast ◽  
The Relationship

It is well established that sex differences exist in the manifestation of vascular diseases. Arterial stiffness (AS) has been associated with changes in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cognitive decline in aging. Specifically, older adults with increased AS show a decline on executive function (EF) tasks. Interestingly, the relationship between AS and CVR is more complex, where some studies show decreased CVR with increased AS, and others demonstrate preserved CVR despite higher AS. Here, we investigated the possible role of sex on these hemodynamic relationships. Acquisitions were completed in 48 older adults. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) data were collected during a hypercapnia challenge. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) data was acquired using cine phase contrast velocity series. Cognitive function was assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and a composite score for EF was calculated using four cognitive tests from the neuropsychological battery. A moderation model test revealed that sex moderated the relationship between PWV and CVR and PWV and EF, but not between CVR and EF. Together, our results indicate that the relationships between central stiffness, cerebral hemodynamics and cognition are in part mediated by sex.

scholarly journals Short-latency inhibition mitigates the relationship between conscious movement processing and overly cautious gait

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby J Ellmers ◽  
Elmar C Kal ◽  
James K Richardson ◽  
William R Young
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Base Of Support ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Overly cautious gait is common in older adults. This is characterised by excessively slow gait, shortened steps, broadened base of support and increased double limb support. The current study sought to (1) evaluate if overly cautious gait is associated with attempts to consciously process walking movements, and (2) explore whether an individual’s ability to rapidly inhibit a dominant motor response serves to mitigate this relationship. Methods A total of 50 older adults walked at a self-selected pace on an instrumented walkway containing two raised wooden obstacles (height = 23 cm). Trait conscious movement processing was measured with the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale. Short-latency inhibitory function was assessed using a validated electronic go/no-go ruler catch protocol. We used linear regressions to explore the relationship between these variables and gait parameters indicative of overly cautious gait. Results When controlling for general cognitive function (MoCA), and functional balance (Berg Balance Scale), the interaction between trait conscious movement processing and short-latency inhibition capacity significantly predicted gait velocity, step length and double limb support. Specifically, older adults with higher trait conscious movement processing and poorer inhibition were more likely to exhibit gait characteristics indicative of cautious gait (i.e. reduced velocity, shorter step lengths and increased double limb support). Neither conscious movement processing nor inhibition independently predicted gait performance. Conclusion The combination of excessive movement processing tendencies and poor short-latency inhibitory capacity was associated with dysfunctional or ‘overly cautious’ gait. It is therefore plausible that improvement in either factor may lead to improved gait and reduced fall risk.

The Effects of a Divided-Attention Timed Stepping Accuracy Task on Balance, Strength, Endurance, and Functional Performance in Healthy Older Adults: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Leach ◽  
Joyce R. Maring ◽  
Ellen Costello
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Stepping Accuracy

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a 6-week Divided-Attention Stepping Accuracy Task (DATSAT) intervention improved the primary outcome measure, maximal step length; other balance measures (Berg Balance scale and Timed Up and Go test); leg strength; endurance (6-min walk test); and functional tasks in 15 community-dwelling healthy older adults (age: 71.5 years, female: 46.7%) compared with 15 community-dwelling healthy older adults in a Bike and Strength (B&S) program (age: 73.8 years, female: 33.3%). Participants trained 3× per week, 30–60 min per session. Stepping-group differences were significant for all measures. B&S group improved in maximal step length (anterior and lateral), strength, and one functional task. Stepping group outperformed B&S group in Timed Up and Go and maximal step length posterior. B&S group outperformed stepping group in two strength measures. Exertion scores were lower for the stepping group. Overall, Divided-Attention Timed Stepping Accuracy Task training resulted in more within-group improvements and two between-group measures with less perceived effort and shorter intervention times.

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