scholarly journals Soil aggregates indirectly influence litter carbon storage and release through soil pH in the highly alkaline soils of north China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yang ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Yingjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
North China ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Size Classes

Background Soil aggregate-size classes, structural units of soil, are the important factors regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover. However, the processes of litter C mineralization and storage in different aggregates-size classes are poorly understood, especially in the highly alkaline soils of north China. Here, we ask how four different aggregate sizes influence rates of C release (Cr) and SOC storage (Cs) in response to three types of plant litter added to an un-grazed natural grassland. Methods Highly alkaline soil samples were separated into four dry aggregate classes of different sizes (2–4, 1–2, 0.25–1, and <0.25 mm). Three types of dry dead plant litter (leaf, stem, and all standing dead aboveground litter) of Leymus chinensis were added to each of the four aggregate class samples. Litter mass loss rate, Cr, and Cs were measured periodically during the 56-day incubation. Results The results showed that the mass loss in 1–2 mm aggregates was significantly greater than that in other size classes of soil aggregates on both day 28 and day 56. Macro-aggregates (1–2 mm) had the highest Cr of all treatments, whereas 0.25–1 mm aggregates had the lowest. In addition, a significant negative relationship was found between Cs/Cr and soil pH. After incubation for 28 and 56 days, the Cs was also highest in the 1–2 mm aggregates, which implied that the macro-aggregates had not only a higher CO2 release capacity, but also a greater litter C storage capacity than the micro-aggregates in the highly alkaline soils of north China.

Alkaline soil pH affects bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere microbiomes of plants growing in a Sandhills ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Dantas Lopes ◽  
Jingjie Hao ◽  
Daniel P Schachtman
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

ABSTRACT Soil pH is a major factor shaping bulk soil microbial communities. However, it is unclear whether the belowground microbial habitats shaped by plants (e.g. rhizosphere and root endosphere) are also affected by soil pH. We investigated this question by comparing the microbial communities associated with plants growing in neutral and strongly alkaline soils in the Sandhills, which is the largest sand dune complex in the northern hemisphere. Bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere DNA were extracted from multiple plant species and analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results showed that rhizosphere, root endosphere and bulk soil microbiomes were different in the contrasting soil pH ranges. The strongest impact of plant species on the belowground microbiomes was in alkaline soils, suggesting a greater selective effect under alkali stress. Evaluation of soil chemical components showed that in addition to soil pH, cation exchange capacity also had a strong impact on shaping bulk soil microbial communities. This study extends our knowledge regarding the importance of pH to microbial ecology showing that root endosphere and rhizosphere microbial communities were also influenced by this soil component, and highlights the important role that plants play particularly in shaping the belowground microbiomes in alkaline soils.

Fractionation of soil organic carbon under different land management in dry tropics, south India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eito Nonomura ◽  
Soh Sugihara ◽  
Mayuko Seki ◽  
Hidetoshi Miyazaki ◽  
Muniandi Jegadeesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks

&lt;p&gt;An understanding of the mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization is essential to develop the appropriate management for C sequestration and soil health. In southern India, where neutral-alkaline soils are mainly distributed, soil C stocks are inherently low in cropland, despite relatively high clay contents (Clay&gt;ca. 30%, OC&lt;ca. 5 g C kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; soil). To consider this reason of low SOC in this area, we evaluated the fractionated C contents and its controlling factors, by measuring the particulate organic matter (POM). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of land management on the amount and composition of each fraction of soil in southern India. We collected the surface soils (0-10 cm) from two representative sites of southern India; Vertisols with alkaline soil pH (8.4-8.8) and Alfisols with neutral soil pH (6.0-7.0). At each site, two different land management were selected; forest and cropland of Vertisols, and cropland with no organic matter application (no-OM) and with manure application (with-OM) of Alfisols. Soils were separated into the four fractions; (1) Light Fraction; LF (&lt;1.7 g cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;) , (2) Coarse POM; cPOM (&gt;1.7 g cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;, 250-2000 &amp;#181;m), (3) Fine POM; fPOM(&gt;1.7 g cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;, 53-250 &amp;#181;m), and (4) Silt+Clay; S+C (&gt;1.7 g cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;53 &amp;#181;m). Each fraction was analyzed by elemental analysis (C, N) and CPMAS &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR spectroscopy. In Vertisols, C contents of cPOM, fPOM, S+C were significantly higher in forest (0.65, 0.91, 4.8 g kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; soil, respectively) than those of cropland (0.17, 0.22, 4.1 g kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; soil, respectively), causing the higher total SOC in forest (7.8 g kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; soil) than in cropland (4.5 g kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; soil). C concentration of cPOM, fPOM, and S+C fractions were also significantly higher in forest (3.7, 7.6, 6.7 g kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; fraction, respectively) than those of cropland (1.0, 2.7, 5.4 g kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; fraction, respectively). In particular, increasing rates in cPOM and fPOM (180-280 %) were greater than S+C (24 %), possibly suggesting that forest management should increase the relatively active and intermediate SOC pools through the C accumulation in cPOM and fPOM fractions of Vertisols. In Alfisols, C contents in LF and S+C were significantly higher in with-OM (1.1 and 5.2 g kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; soil, respectively) than in no-OM (0.76 and 4.7 g kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; soil, respectively). C concentration of S+C fraction was significantly higher in with-OM (14 g kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; fraction) than in no-OM (11 g kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; fraction), but not of cPOM and fPOM fractions. It suggests that the OM application to cropland should increase the slow SOC pool through the C accumulation in S+C fractions of Alfisols. These results indicate that different fraction may contribute to SOC stabilization between Vertisols and Alfisols in southern India.&lt;/p&gt;

Association between collection site soil pH and chlorosis in Lupinus angustifolius induced by a fine-textured, alkaline soil

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
WA Cowling ◽  
JC Clements
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
The Mediterranean

Collection site soil pH may be a useful predictor of tolerance in Lupznus angustifolzus to chlorosis induced by alkaline soils. We examined a range of genotypes from the Mediterranean region for their tolerance of an alkaline sandy clay loam (pH 8.8) from Merredin, Western Australia. Fifteen wild L. angustifolius lines, collected on a variety of soils that ranged in pH from 4.2 to 9.0, were compared with cultivars of L. angustifolzus and known alkaline-tolerant (L. cosentinii) and alkaline-sensitive (L. luteus) lupin species. Five-week-old seedlings varied greatly in chlorosis on the alkaline soil, from almost no chlorosis (as in L. cosentinzi cv Erregulla) to severely chlorotic (L. angustifolius line MJS176 from Spain). No lines were chlorotic after acid amelioration of the soil. Chlorosis score in wild L. angustifolius was not significantly correlated with soil pH at the collection site and was not associated with a particular soil texture, but there was a significant correlation between altitude of collection sites and chlorosis scores. Chlorosis-sensitive lines were from higher altitudes, had lower root and shoot fresh weight, were lower in Fe, Mn and K and were higher in Zn, P, and S in new growth than resistant lines. Chlorosis-sensitive lines also had the largest increases in fresh weight of roots and shoots in response to soil acidification. Genotypes with better root growth and therefore lower chlorosis symptoms on alkaline soil did not necessarily have the strongest root growth on acid ameliorated soil. Soil pH at the collection site in the Mediterranean region was not a reliable predictor of chlorosis in L. angustifolius induced by an alkaline fine-textured soil in Western Australia, although significant variation in tolerance to this soil was found within the species.

Effects of management on plant litter traits and consequences for litter mass loss and Collembola functional diversity in a Mediterranean agro-forest system

Pedobiologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Nascimento ◽  
Filipa Reis ◽  
Filipe Chichorro ◽  
Cristina Canhoto ◽  
Ana Lúcia Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Litter Mass Loss

Quality of soil from the nickel mining area of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, engineered using earthworms (Pheretima sp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2995-3005
Author(s):  
Hasbullah Syaf ◽  
Muhammad Albar Pattah ◽  
Laode Muhammad Harjoni Kilowasid
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Nickel Mining

Earthworms (Pheretima sp.) could survive under abiotic stress soil conditions. Furthermore, their activities as ecosystem engineers allow for the creation of soil biostructures with new characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the abundance of Pheretima sp. on the aggregate size, physicochemistry, and biology of the topsoil from the nickel mining area of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was carried out by first grouping their abundance into zero, two, four, six, and eight individuals per pot and then carrying out tests. The Pheretima sp. were then released onto the surface of the topsoil and mixed with biochar that was saturated with tap water in the pot overnight. The results showed that the abundance of the species had a significant effect on the size class distribution, and aggregate stability of the soil. Furthermore, the size of the soil aggregates formed was dominated by the size class 2.83 - 4.75 mm under both dry and wet conditions. Under dry conditions, three size classes were found, while under wet conditions, there were five size classes. The results also showed that the highest and lowest stability indexes occurred with zero and eight Pheretima sp., respectively. Furthermore, the abundance had a significant effect on pH, organic C, total N, CEC, and total nematodes. However, it had no significant effect on the total P, C/N ratio, total AMF spores, and flagellate. The highest soil pH occurred with zero Pheretima sp., while with six and two members of the species, the total nematode was at its highest and lowest populations, respectively. Therefore, it could be concluded that the species was able to create novel conditions in the topsoils at the nickel mining area that were suitable for various soil biota.

scholarly journals Archaeal Communities in a Heterogeneous Hypersaline-Alkaline Soil

Archaea ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yendi E. Navarro-Noya ◽  
César Valenzuela-Encinas ◽  
Alonso Sandoval-Yuriar ◽  
Norma G. Jiménez-Bueno ◽  
Rodolfo Marsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Archaeal Communities ◽  
Saline Alkaline Soils

In this study the archaeal communities in extreme saline-alkaline soils of the former lake Texcoco, Mexico, with electrolytic conductivities (EC) ranging from 0.7 to 157.2 dS/m and pH from 8.5 to 10.5 were explored. Archaeal communities in the 0.7 dS/m pH 8.5 soil had the lowest alpha diversity values and were dominated by a limited number of phylotypes belonging to the mesophilic CandidatusNitrososphaera. Diversity and species richness were higher in the soils with EC between 9.0 and 157.2 dS/m. The majority of OTUs detected in the hypersaline soil were members of the Halobacteriaceae family. Novel phylogenetic branches in the Halobacteriales class were detected in the soil, and more abundantly in soil with the higher pH (10.5), indicating that unknown and uncharacterized Archaea can be found in this soil. Thirteen different genera of the Halobacteriaceae family were identified and were distributed differently between the soils.Halobiforma,Halostagnicola,Haloterrigena, andNatronomonaswere found in all soil samples. Methanogenic archaea were found only in soil with pH between 10.0 and 10.3. Retrieved methanogenic archaea belonged to the Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales orders. The comparison of the archaeal community structures considering phylogenetic information (UniFrac distances) clearly clustered the communities by pH.

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