scholarly journals Relationship between tumor size and metastatic site in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: A large SEER-based study

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7822
Author(s):  
Qinge Shan ◽  
Yanling Fan ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
Haiyong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Metastatic Site ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Develop Liver Metastasis

Objective To analyze the relationship between tumor size and metastatic site in stage IV NSCLC patients. Methods A total of 40,196 stage IV NSCLC patients from 2010 to 2015 were screened by SEER database. Chi-square test was used to compare the characteristics of clinical variables. At the same time, multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between tumor size and organ metastasis. Results Regardless of tumor size, the proportion of bone metastasis and lung metastasis was higher and similar in patients with squamous cell carcinoma, while in patients with adenocarcinoma, bone metastasis accounted for the highest proportion. We found that whether the metastatic site was bone, brain, liver or lung, the proportion of patients with a tumor size of 3–7 cm was the highest. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that patients with a tumor size of 3–7 cm and a tumor size ≥7 cm were more likely to develop brain metastasis and lung metastasis compared with patients with a tumor size ≤3 cm (all P < 0.001), which meant the larger the tumor, the greater the risk of brain or lung metastasis. At the same time, the results indicated that patients with a tumor size of 3–7 cm had a tendency to develop liver metastasis (P = 0.004), while the statistical significance was not found for patients with a tumor size ≥7 cm (P = 0.524). The results also revealed that patients with a tumor size of 3–7cm had no significant difference to develop bone metastasis (P = 0.116), while the statistical significance was found for patients with a tumor size ≥7 cm (P < 0.001). Conclusions There was statistical significance between tumor size and metastatic site in patients with stage IV NSCLC. For brain or lung metastasis, the larger the tumor, the higher the risk of brain or lung metastasis. For liver metastasis, patients with a tumor size of 3–7 cm were more prone to develop liver metastasis. For bone metastasis, patients with a tumor size ≥7 cm were more likely to have bone metastasis.

Metastatic site-specific utilization and outcome of immunotherapy in stage IV melanoma: A national perspective.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21525-e21525
Author(s):  
Lifen Cao ◽  
Jonathan T. Bliggenstorfer ◽  
Christopher W. Towe ◽  
Ankit Mangla ◽  
Megan E. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Metastatic Sites ◽  
Stage Iv Melanoma

e21525 Background: Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive disease with a rapid systemic dissemination. We evaluated the effect of metastatic sites on the utilization immunotherapy and survival outcomes in stage IV melanoma. Methods: The National Cancer Database from 2010-2017 was queried for stage IV melanoma. Those with missing relevant data were excluded. Patients were grouped into five categories based on metastatic sites: lung metastasis only, brain metastasis only, liver metastasis only, bone metastasis only and multiple sites metastasis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict use of immunotherapy. Effects of immunotherapy on overall survival were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: A total 12, 315 were included in the study, among whom 2206 (17.9%) had lung metastasis only, 1,873 (15.2%) had brain metastasis only, 785 (6.4%) had liver metastasis only, 662 (5.4%) had bone metastasis only and 5,983 (48.6%) presented with multiple metastatic sites. Surgery at primary site was performed in 34.3% of patients with bone metastasis (p<0.001), and radiation therapy was delivered to 69.2% patients with brain metastasis (p<0.001). Site of metastatic disease was associated with immunotherapy utilization, with multiple sites (OR = 1.149, p=0.012), and distant lymph nodes (OR=2.867, p<0.001) demonstrating the strongest association, while patients with oligo brain metastasis were less likely to receive immunotherapy (OR = 0.486, p<0.001). Immunotherapy is associated with superior survival among metastatic melanoma patients (HR=0.433, P<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed the median overall survival among the immunotherapy group was 33.7 months for lung metastasis (vs. 13.4 months without immunotherapy, HR=0.633, p<0.001), 25 months for brain metastasis (vs. 6.7 months without immunotherapy, HR=0.447, P<0.001), 16.8 months for liver metastasis (vs. 4.2 months without immunotherapy, HR=0.449, P<0.001), 18.3 months in bone metastasis (vs. 7.6 months without immunotherapy, HR=0.615, p<0.001) and 12.1 months in multiple metastasis (vs. 3.8 months without immunotherapy, HR=0.338, p<0.001). Conclusions: Utilization of immunotherapy is influenced by location of metastatic disease in stage IV melanoma. Overall survival is improved for patients treated with immunotherapy.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals A Prognostic Nomogram of Colon Cancer With Liver Metastasis: A Study of the US SEER Database and a Chinese Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Liu ◽  
Chuan Hu ◽  
Jiale Huang ◽  
Kanghui Xiang ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Internal Validation

BackgroundAmong colon cancer patients, liver metastasis is a commonly deadly phenomenon, but there are few prognostic models for these patients.MethodsThe clinicopathologic data of colon cancer with liver metastasis (CCLM) patients were downloaded from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. All patients were randomly divided into training and internal validation sets based on the ratio of 7:3. A prognostic nomogram was established with Cox analysis in the training set, which was validated by two independent validation sets.ResultsA total of 5,700 CCLM patients were included. Age, race, tumor size, tumor site, histological type, grade, AJCC N status, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lung metastasis, bone metastasis, surgery, and chemotherapy were independently associated with the overall survival (OS) of CCLM in the training set, which were used to establish a nomogram. The AUCs of 1-, 2- and 3-year were higher than or equal to 0.700 in the training, internal validation, and external validation sets, indicating the favorable effects of our nomogram. Besides, whether in overall or subgroup analysis, the risk score calculated by this nomogram can divide CCLM patients into high-, middle- and low-risk groups, which suggested that the nomogram can significantly determine patients with different prognosis and is suitable for different patients.ConclusionHigher age, the race of black, larger tumor size, higher grade, histological type of mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma, higher N stage, RCC, lung metastasis, bone metastasis, without surgery, without chemotherapy, and elevated CEA were independently associated with poor prognosis of CCLM patients. A nomogram incorporating the above variables could accurately predict the prognosis of CCLM.

Relationship between tumor size and metastatic site in patients with stage IV breast cancer: A large SEER-based study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13065-e13065
Author(s):  
Qian Dong ◽  
Mi Zhang ◽  
Da Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Metastatic Site ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Stage Iv Breast Cancer

e13065 Background: To analyze the correlation between tumor size and metastatic site in first-diagnosed stage IV breast cancer patients. Methods: Stage IV breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 were screened by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The characteristics of clinical variables were represented by a frequency table, and the Chi-square test was used for comparison. At the same time, the Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between tumor size and organ metastasis. Correlation between tumor size and the prognosis of patients was contributed by KM curve and Log-rank test. Results: Regardless of tumor size, the proportion of bone metastasis was higher and brain metastasis was lower in breast cancer patients. There were significant differences in the site of metastases based on different subtype. Luminal A and Luminal B breast cancer had the highest proportion of bone metastases; brain metastasis accounted for the highest proportion in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); while the incidence of liver metastasis was the highest in Her-2(+) breast cancer. At the same time, the results indicated that Luminal A breast cancer with a tumor size > 5 cm was more likely to develop multi-site metastasis and lung metastasis, while Luminal B breast cancer with a tumor size ≤ 5 cm was more likely to develop liver metastasis. The results also revealed that TNBC patients with a tumor size of 0 - 2cm were more likely to develop bone metastasis than those with a tumor size > 5 cm, and the incidence of lung metastasis in triple-negative patients showed an increasing trend with the increase of tumor size. Conclusions: Based on subtype, we found that there was a significant difference between tumor size and metastatic site in patients with stage IV breast cancer, and the difference was statistically significant. This study provided evidence-based basis for decision-making of stage IV breast cancer treatment.

scholarly journals New insight into long non-coding RNAs associated with bone metastasis of breast cancer based on an integrated analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiaofeng Huang ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Guo Chen ◽  
Chengjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Abstract Background Bone is the most common site of metastatic breast cancer, and it is a leading cause of breast cancer-related death. This study aimed to explore bone metastasis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in breast cancer. Methods Four mRNA datasets and two lncRNA datasets of bone metastasis, lung metastasis and liver metastasis of breast cancer were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in group of bone metastasis vs lung metastasis and bone metastasis vs liver metastasis, as well as the overlap of the two groups, were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction of DEmRNAs were conducted. The cis nearby-targeted DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs were obtained. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of selected DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs. LOC641518-lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) pair was selected to verify its role in migration and invasion capability of breast cancer cells by wounding healing assay and transwell invasion assay. Results A total of 237 DEmRNAs were obtained in bone metastasis compared with both lung metastasis and liver metastasis. A total of three DElncRNAs in bone metastasis compared with both lung metastasis and liver metastasis were obtained. A total of seven DElncRNA-nearby-targeted DEmRNA pairs and 15 DElncRNA-nearby-targeted DEmRNA pairs in group of bone metastasis vs lung metastasis and bone metastasis vs liver metastasis, were detected, respectively. Four cis LncRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified, which are LOC641518-LEF1, FLJ35024-Very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (VLDLR), LOC285972-Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder 2 (RARRES2) and LOC254896-TNF receptor superfamily member 10c (TNFRSF10C). qRT-PCR using clinical samples from our hospital confirms the bioinformatics prediction. siRNA knocking down LOC641518 down-regulates LEF1 mRNA expression, and reduces the migration and invasion capability of breast cancer cells. Conclusions We concluded that four LncRNA-mRNA pairs, including LOC641518-LEF1, may play a central role in breast cancer bone metastasis.

scholarly journals Bone Metastasis in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A SEER-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Qin ◽  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Nanyao Wang ◽  
Ming Yuan ◽  
Jiamin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Univariable Analysis ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Abstract Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common worldwide disease with a higher mortality rate. Studies on EC patients with bone metastasis (BM) are rare. Our study focused on the clinicopathological features of EC patients with BM using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to further explore the risk factors and survival for BM.Methods: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, EC patients with BM were extracted from the SEER database from 2010 to 2016. Univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to study the risk factors for BM. Univariable analysis and multivariable Cox regression were performed to reveal the survival and prognostic factors for BM. The competitive risk model was made to compare the association with BM among causes of death. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the bias.Results: A total of 5314 patients were included in this study. Patients with BM had a worse prognosis before and after PSM. Male, middle esophagus, with brain metastasis, without lung metastasis, without liver metastasis were major independent risk factors of BM. Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated, with liver metastasis, with lung metastasis and without chemotherapy were major independent prognostic factors of BM.Conclusions: Compared to patients with other metastatic sites such as liver, brain and lung, patients with BM had a worse prognosis. Our findings provide recommendations about clinical guidelines including examination and treatment for EC patients with BM.

PD-(L)1 inhibitors as monotherapy for the first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients with high PD-L1 expression: A network meta-analysis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9076-9076
Author(s):  
Margarita Majem ◽  
Manuel Cobo ◽  
Dolores Isla ◽  
Diego Marquez-Medina ◽  
Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Nsclc ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
First Line ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Ecog Ps ◽  
Nsclc Patients

9076 Background: PD-L1 has emerged as a potential biomarker for predicting responses to immunotherapy and as a prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this network meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of first-line PD-(L)1 monotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients with high PD-L1 expression. Methods: We conducted a systematic search in PubMed to identify all eligible trials from inception until 1 November 2020, with no start date limit applied. Only phase III trials evaluating the efficacy of first-line (1L) PD-(L)1 monotherapy in patients with stage IIIB/stage IV NSCLC and high PD-L1 expression were included. Results: Six clinical trials (KEYNOTE-024, KEYNOTE-042, EMPOWER Lung-01, IMpower110, MYSTIC and CheckMate-026) with 2,111 patients were included. In head-to-head comparisons, immunotherapy showed a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS: HRpooled = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90, p = 0.007), overall survival (OS: HRpooled = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.61-0.78; p < 0.001) and overall response rate (ORR) (Risk ratio [RR]pooled = 1.354, 95% CI: 1.04-1.762, p = 0.024) compared to chemotherapy (CT). In the assessment of relative efficacy for PFS through indirect comparisons, pembrolizumab (results from KEYNOTE-024) ranked highest followed by cemiplimab and atezolizumab, with statistical significance determined across some of the drugs. In terms of OS, cemiplimab ranked highest followed by atezolizumab and pembrolizumab, although non-significant OS was determined across these drugs. Overall, 1L PD-(L)1 monotherapy improved OS in almost all subgroups, reaching statistical significance in men (HRpooled = 0.624, 95% CI: 0.51-0.72, p < 0.001), non-Asian patients (HRpooled = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55-0.79, p < 0.001), all patients regardless of age ( < 65 years [HRpooled = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.90, p = 0.005]; ≥65 years [HRpooled = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48-0.77, p < 0.001]), ECOG PS status (ECOG PS = 0 [HRpooled = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.56-0.82, p < 0.001; ECOG PS = 1 [HRpooled = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43-0.82, p = 0.001) and histological tumour type (Squamous [HRpooled = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.37-0.67, p < 0.001; Non-squamous [HRpooled = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52-0.87, p = 0.003). In the case of smokers and NSCLC stage, only current/former smokers (HRpooled = 0.623, 95% CI: 0.47-0.83, p = 0.001) and patients with stage IV disease* (HRpooled = 0.687, 95% CI: 0.59-0.81, p < 0.001) benefited from single PD-(L)1 monotherapy over CT. Conclusions: PD-(L)1 inhibitor monotherapy improves efficacy outcomes in the 1L setting of advanced NSCLC patients with high PD-L1 expression. Current/former smokers ≥65 years, with ECOG PS = 1 and squamous NSCLC benefited most from this therapy. *KEYNOTE-042 was the only study including patients with stage IIIB NSCLC.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Survival Outcomes in Neuroblastoma With Bone Metastasis Based on SEER Database Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin He ◽  
Jianshui Mao ◽  
Leyi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Primary Tumor Site ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

PurposeClinical features and survival analysis of neuroblastoma (NB) are well explored. However, clinical research of NB patients with bone metastasis is rarely reported. Thus, the current study was performed to analyze the clinical features, survival outcome, and risk factors in those patients.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to select cases diagnosed with NB with bone metastasis from 2010 to 2016. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were analyzed through univariate Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, we performed multivariate analysis to determine independent predictors of survival. The Kaplan–Meier method was applied to intuitively show differences in prognostic value between independent risk factors.ResultsWe finally identified 393 NB patients with bone metastasis who were selected for survival analysis. Nearly half of the patients (47.3%) were aged &gt;3 years. The adrenal gland was the primary tumor site, accounting for approximately two thirds of cases (66.2%). The 5-year OS and CSS rates of all patients were 62.1% and 64.1%, respectively. The univariate analysis indicated that age, lung metastasis, and tumor size were significantly associated with OS and CSS. Based on the multivariable analysis, age at 2 and 3 years, lung metastasis, and tumor size &gt;10 cm remained significant negative predictors of OS and CSS.ConclusionFor NB patients with bone metastasis, three independent prognostic risk factors (age, lung metastasis, and tumor size) are helpful to clinicians for predicting prognosis and guiding treatment. Reasonable treatment modalities for these patients should be further investigated to prolong survival.

New insight into long non-coding RNAs associated with bone metastasis of breast cancer based on an integrated analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu zhang ◽  
Xiaofeng Huang ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Guo Chen ◽  
Chengjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Abstract Background Bone is the most common site of metastatic breast cancer, and it is a leading cause of breast cancer-related death. This study aimed to explore bone metastasis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in breast cancer. Methods Four mRNA datasets and two lncRNA datasets of bone metastasis, lung metastasis and liver metastasis of breast cancer were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in group of bone metastasis vs lung metastasis and bone metastasis vs liver metastasis, as well as the overlap of the two groups, were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction of DEmRNAs were conducted. The cis nearby-targeted DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs were obtained. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of selected DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs. LOC641518- lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) pair was selected to verify its role in migration and invasion capability of breast cancer cells by wounding healing assay and transwell invasion assay. Results A total of 237 DEmRNAs were obtained in bone metastasis compared with both lung metastasis and liver metastasis. A total of 3 DElncRNAs in bone metastasis compared with both lung metastasis and liver metastasis were obtained. A total of 7 DElncRNA-nearby-targeted DEmRNA pairs and 15 DElncRNA-nearby-targeted DEmRNA pairs in group of bone metastasis vs lung metastasis and bone metastasis vs liver metastasis, were detected, respectively. Four cis LncRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified, which are LOC641518-LEF1, FLJ35024-Very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (VLDLR), LOC285972-Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder 2 (RARRES2) and LOC254896- TNF receptor superfamily member 10c (TNFRSF10C). qRT-PCR using clinical samples from our hospital confirms the bioinformatics prediction. siRNA knocking down LOC641518 down-regulates LEF1 mRNA expression, and reduces the migration and invasion capability of breast cancer cells. Conclusions We concluded that four LncRNA-mRNA pairs, including LEF1-AS1-LEF1, may play a central role in breast cancer bone metastasis.

Study of the infl uence of information and communication tools on the psychophysiological state of schoolchildren on the basis of subjective evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rakhmanova ◽  
Georgiy Loginov ◽  
Vladimir Dolich ◽  
Nataliya Komleva ◽  
Galina Rakhmanova
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Relationship

The relevance of the article is determined by the existence of contradictions between the need to introduce innovative technologies into the educational process at school, as an integral attribute of modern education, and the negative influence of factors on the physical and psycho-emotional state of health of students related to the use of information and communication tools (computers, phones, headphones). The goal of the study was to assess the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of functional and psycho-emotional complaints in groups of middle and high school schoolchildren. 400 schoolchildren of the Saratov Region, the Moscow Region, Leningrad Region and the Republic of Dagestan were surveyed, who made up two groups of research: middle-school schoolchildren (grades 5–6) and high-school schoolchildren (grades 10–11 The survey was carried out by means of the standardized formalized cards which included the questions considering usage time of computers and mobile phones, complaints to a headache, hands pain, other pain and/or feeling of discomfort from visual organ and the organs of hearing, as well as a psycho-emotional state. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the STATISTICA application software program by StatSoft Inc (USA). To compare the frequencies of a binary feature, a fourfold table of absolute frequencies was constructed and the level of statistical significance for the exact Fisher’s two-tailed test criterion was determined. The study was conducted according to the requirements of bioethics, after signing informed consent statement by teenagers and their parents. The study examined the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of complaints in groups of schoolchildren. The results of the study should be taken into account when developing and implementing preventive measures to prevent negative effects of computers and mobile devices on the body of students.

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