scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the WRKY genes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under alkaline stress

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qiang Wu ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Li ◽  
Han Cao ◽  
Jin-Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Intron Structure ◽  
Primary Amino ◽  
And Function

Background The WRKY transcription factor family plays crucial roles in many aspects of physiological processes and adaption to environment. Although the WRKY genes have been widely identified in various plant species, the structure and function of the WRKY family in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) remains unknown. Methods In the present study, the WRKY genes were identified from the sugar beet genome by bioinformatics. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA7.0. A distribution map of these genes was displayed by MapInspect 1.0. Furthermore, the exon-intron structure and the conserved motifs were predicted by GSDS 2.0 and MEME 5.0.5, respectively. Additionally, the expression levels of nine selected genes in shoots and roots of sugar beet seedlings exposed to alkaline stress were assayed by qRT-PCR. Results A total of 58 putative BvWRKY genes are identified in the sugar beet genome. The coding sequences of these genes ranged from 558 to 2,307 bp and molecular weights (MWs) varied from 21.3 to 84. The BvWRKY genes are clustered into three major groups I, II, and III, with 11, 40, and seven members, based on the primary amino acid sequences. The number of introns in the BvWRKY genes ranged from 1 to 5, with a majority of BvWRKY (27/58) containing three exons. All the BvWRKY genes have one or two conserved WRKY domains and zinc-finger structure. Moreover, the selected BvWRKY genes showed a variety of expression patterns in shoots and roots of seedlings under various concentrations of NaHCO3. Importantly, BvWRKY10 in shoots and BvWRKY16 in roots were remarkably up-regulated by alkaline stress. Taken together, our findings extend understandings of the BvWRKY genes family and provide useful information for subsequent research on their functions in sugar beet under alkaline stress.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the WRKY genes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under alkaline stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qiang Wu ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Li ◽  
Han Cao ◽  
Jin-Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Intron Structure ◽  
Software Distribution ◽  
And Function

Background: The WRKY transcription factor family plays critical roles in many aspects of physiological processes and adaption to environment. Although the WRKY genes have been widely studied in various plants, the structure and function of the WRKY family in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) remains unknown. Methods: In the present study, the WRKY genes were identified from the sugar beet genome by bioinformatics. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA7.0 software. Distribution map of these genes was displayed by MapInspect 1.0. Furthermore, the exon-intron structure and the conserved motifs were predicted by GSDS 2.0 and MEME 5.0.5, respectively. Additionally, the expression levels of these genes under alkaline stress were assayed by qRT-PCR. Results: A total of 58 putative BvWRKY genes are identified in the sugar beet genome. The coding sequence of these genes ranged from 558 to 2,307 bp and molecular weight varied from 21.3 to 84. Based on the conserved WRKY domain and zinc-finger motif, the BvWRKY genes are clustered into three major groups I, II and III, with 11, 40 and 7 genes, respectively. The number of intron in the BvWRKY genes ranged from 1 to 5, with majority of BvWRKY (27/58) containing three exons. All the BvWRKY genes have one or two WRKY motifs at the N-terminus. Moreover, the expression levels of BvWRKY genes are increased remarkedly by alkaline stress. Our findings extend understandings of the BvWRKY genes family and provide useful information for subsequent research on their functions in sugar beet under alkaline stress.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the WRKY genes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under alkaline stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qiang Wu ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Li ◽  
Han Cao ◽  
Jin-Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Intron Structure ◽  
Software Distribution ◽  
And Function

Background: The WRKY transcription factor family plays critical roles in many aspects of physiological processes and adaption to environment. Although the WRKY genes have been widely studied in various plants, the structure and function of the WRKY family in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) remains unknown. Methods: In the present study, the WRKY genes were identified from the sugar beet genome by bioinformatics. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA7.0 software. Distribution map of these genes was displayed by MapInspect 1.0. Furthermore, the exon-intron structure and the conserved motifs were predicted by GSDS 2.0 and MEME 5.0.5, respectively. Additionally, the expression levels of these genes under alkaline stress were assayed by qRT-PCR. Results: A total of 58 putative BvWRKY genes are identified in the sugar beet genome. The coding sequence of these genes ranged from 558 to 2,307 bp and molecular weight varied from 21.3 to 84. Based on the conserved WRKY domain and zinc-finger motif, the BvWRKY genes are clustered into three major groups I, II and III, with 11, 40 and 7 genes, respectively. The number of intron in the BvWRKY genes ranged from 1 to 5, with majority of BvWRKY (27/58) containing three exons. All the BvWRKY genes have one or two WRKY motifs at the N-terminus. Moreover, the expression levels of BvWRKY genes are increased remarkedly by alkaline stress. Our findings extend understandings of the BvWRKY genes family and provide useful information for subsequent research on their functions in sugar beet under alkaline stress.

scholarly journals Differential Expression Patterns of Non-Symbiotic Hemoglobins in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris)

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nélida Leiva-Eriksson ◽  
Pierre A. Pin ◽  
Thomas Kraft ◽  
Juliane C. Dohm ◽  
André E. Minoche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Expression Patterns

Molecular cloning, characterization and tissue specificity of the expression in the TAC1 genes from Henan Huai goat (Capra hircus)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilong Tian ◽  
Yuqin Wang ◽  
Huibin Shi ◽  
Zhibo Wu ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Relative Molecular Weight ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
And Function

To further to understand the structure and function of the TAC1 gene, we cloned the full-length cDNAs of the TAC1 genes from goat by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR and the qRT-PCR was used to analyze the TAC1 mRNA expression patterns of goat various tissues. The full-length cDNA of goat TAC1 was 1176 bp, with a 339 bp open reading frame encoding 112 amino acids. The amino acid sequence analysis revealed that goat TAC1 gene encoded a water-drain protein and its relative molecular weight and isoelectric point was 13,012.86 Da and 6.29 respectively. Alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that their amino acid sequences were highly similar to those of other vertebrates. TAC1 expression of the goat of the brain, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, uterus, ovaries. These results serve as a foundation for further study on the Capra hircus TAC1 gene.

Diversity in gap junction structures

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 442-443
Author(s):  
Gina E. Sosinsky
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junction ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Morphological Unit ◽  
Coupled Cells ◽  
Variable Domains ◽  
Primary Amino ◽  
Connexin Proteins

Gap junctions are the specialized regions between two adjoining cells responsible for regulated communication. The morphological unit of the gap junction is composed of 12 copies of the connexin molecule. Six connexins form a hexamer in each cell membrane called a connexon and two connexons pair across the two cell membranes of coupled cells to form gated channels. Although other proteins are found in enriched gap junction preparations, it is generally accepted that the gap junction structures are formed from a family of connexin proteins. The connexins are named according to their DNA deduced molecular weights, e.g. Cx32 for the 32kDa liver major connexin and Cx26 for the 26 kDa liver minor connexin. Within a given tissue, several connexins are often found and different connexins are often found within the same junctional plaque. These connexins contain both conserved and variable domains in their primary amino acid sequences, with the major differences occuring in the sequence and size of the cytoplasmic C terminus. The most conserved regions of the compared sequences are in the transmembrane and gap portions of the proteins. Determination of the sequences of the connexin proteins and correlation of information on antibody binding, proteolytic cleavage and chemical reactivity have led to a model where the C- and N- termini are located at the cytoplasmc surface and four α-helical segments of the protein cross the membrane.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNAs in the alkaline stress response in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlei Zou ◽  
Yubo Wang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Differences in Two Cyclic Bacteriocins with the Same Sequences Produced by Lactobacilli

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2906-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Kawai ◽  
Yasuyuki Ishii ◽  
Kensuke Arakawa ◽  
Koichiro Uemura ◽  
Boku Saitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Ion Efflux ◽  
Primary Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus gasseri LA39 and L. reuteri LA6 isolated from feces of the same human infant were found to produce similar cyclic bacteriocins (named gassericin A and reutericin 6, respectively) that cannot be distinguished by molecular weights or primary amino acid sequences. However, reutericin 6 has a narrower spectrum than gassericin A. In this study, gassericin A inhibited the growth of L. reuteri LA6, but reutericin 6 did not inhibit the growth of L. gasseri LA39. Both bacteriocins caused potassium ion efflux from indicator cells and liposomes, but the amounts of efflux and patterns of action were different. Although circular dichroism spectra of purified bacteriocins revealed that both antibacterial peptides are composed mainly of α-helices, the spectra of the bacteriocins did not coincide. The results of d- and l-amino acid composition analysis showed that two residues and one residue of d-Ala were detected among 18 Ala residues of gassericin A and reutericin 6, respectively. These findings suggest that the different d-alanine contents of the bacteriocins may cause the differences in modes of action, amounts of potassium ion efflux, and secondary structures. This is the first report that characteristics of native bacteriocins produced by wild lactobacillus strains having the same structural genes are influenced by a difference in d-amino acid contents in the molecules.

The expression patterns of plasma membrane aquaporins in leaves of sugar beet and its halophyte relative, Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima, in response to salt stress

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Skorupa-Kłaput ◽  
Joanna Szczepanek ◽  
Katarzyna Kurnik ◽  
Andrzej Tretyn ◽  
Jarosław Tyburski
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Treatment

AbstractSalt tolerance is largely dependent on a plant’s ability to maintain optimal water status in leaves. The adjustment of water relations under salinity involves changes in the transcriptional activity of genes encoding plasma membrane aquaporins (PIPs). Here, we report the effects of long-term or short-term treatments with moderate or strong salt stress on the expression of BvPIP1;1, BvPIP2;1 and BvPIP2;2 in the leaves of sugar beet, Beta vulgaris cv. Huzar, and its halophyte relative, Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. Plants subjected to long-term treatment were watered with salt-supplemented media during a 32 day long culture period. Short-term salt treatments were executed either by immersing the petioles of excised leaves into salt solutions for 48h, or incubating excised leaf blades in salt-supplemented media for 20h. B. vulgaris ssp. maritima reacted to long-term salt treatment with a decrease in BvPIP1;1, BvPIP2;1 and BvPIP2;2 expression. Contrastingly, only BvPIP2;2 transcript was down-regulated by salinity in leaves of B. vulgaris cv. Huzar, whereas BvPIP1;1 and BvPIP2;1 did not vary in response to salt-treatments. On the other hand, the expression of BvPIP1;1, BvPIP2;1 and BvPIP2;2 was enhanced by salinity if salt solutions was supplied through leaf petioles, irrespective of genotype. PIP expression in excised leaf blades revealed a complex pattern of changes. BvPIP1;1 and BvPIP2;1 expression underwent a period of transient increase in both the control and salt-treated leaves. Furthermore, BvPIP1;1 expression was enhanced by strong salinity. BvPIP2;2 expression was up-regulated by strong salinity or up- or down-regulated by moderate salinity during the treatment period.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of Na+/H+ Antiporter (NHX) Genes in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Their Regulated Expression under Salt Stress

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qiang Wu ◽  
Jin-Long Wang ◽  
Shan-Jia Li
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Moderate Salinity

Salinity is one of the major environment factors that limits the growth of plants and the productivity of crops worldwide. It has been shown that Na+ transporters play a central role in salt tolerance and development of plants. The objective of this study was to identify Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) genes and investigate their expression patterns in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) subjected to various concentrations of NaCl. A total of five putative NHX genes were identified and distributed on four chromosomes in sugar beet. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these BvNHX genes are grouped into three major classes, viz Vac- (BvNHX1, -2 and -3), Endo- (BvNHX4), and PM-class NHX (BvNHX5/BvSOS1), and within each class the exon/intron structures are conserved. The amiloride-binding site is found in TM3 at N-terminus of Vac-class NHX proteins. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction suggested that only BvNHX5 putatively interacts with calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPK), implying it might be the primary NHX involved in CBL-CIPK pathway under saline condition. It was also found that BvNHX5 contains one abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element (ABRE), suggesting that BvNHX5 might be involved in ABA signal responsiveness. Additionally, the qRT-PCR analysis showed that all the BvNHX genes in both roots and leaves are significantly up-regulated by salt, and the transcription levels under high salinity are significantly higher than those under either low or moderate salinity. Taken together, this work gives a detailed overview of the BvNHX genes and their expression patterns under salt stress. Our findings also provide useful information for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Na+ homeostasis and further functional identification of the BvNHX genes in sugar beet.

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