scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variation in oxidative status regulation in a small mammal

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7801
Author(s):  
Vincent Lemieux ◽  
Dany Garant ◽  
Denis Reale ◽  
Patrick Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Oxidant Production ◽  
Study Sites

Life-history allocation trade-offs are dynamic over time and space according to the ecological and demographical context. Fluctuations in food availability can affect physiological trade-offs like oxidative status regulation, reflecting the balance between pro-oxidant production and antioxidant capacity. Monitoring the spatio-temporal stability of oxidative status in natural settings may help understanding its importance in ecological and evolutionary processes. However, few studies have yet conducted such procedures in wild populations. Here, we monitored individual oxidative status in a wild eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) population across the 2017 summer active period and over three study sites. Oxidative damage (MDA: Malondialdehyde levels) and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels (FRAP: Ferric reducing antioxidant power and HASC: Hypochlorous acid shock capacity) were quantified across time and space using assays optimized for small blood volumes. Our results showed an increase in oxidative damage mirrored by a decrease in FRAP throughout the season. We also found different antioxidant levels among our three study sites for both markers. Our results also revealed the effects of sex and body mass on oxidative status. Early in the active season, females and individuals with a greater body mass had higher oxidative damage. Males had higher HASC levels than females throughout the summer. This study shows that oxidative status regulation is a dynamic process that requires a detailed spatial and temporal monitoring to yield a complete picture of possible trade-offs between pro-oxidant production and antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Are antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage related to biological and autecological characteristics in aquatic insects?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sanz ◽  
Manuel J. López-Rodríguez ◽  
Sergio García-Mesa ◽  
Cristina Trenzado ◽  
Rosa M. Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Oxidative State

<p>In this work, we study the oxidative state of nine taxa of aquatic insects [<em>Serratella ignita </em>(Poda, 1761), <em>Ephemera danica</em> Müller, 1764<em>, Crocothemis erythraea </em>(Brullé, 1832), <em>Dinocras cephalotes </em>(Curtis, 1827)<em>, Perla bipunctata </em>Pictet<em>, </em>1833,<em> Isoperla morenica </em>Tierno de Figueroa &amp; Luzón-Ortega, 2011, <em>Notonecta maculata </em>Fabricius, 1794, <em>Gerris </em>sp.<em>, </em>and <em>Hydropsyche </em>sp.] in order to determine the relationships between this state and the biological and environmental characteristics of the species studied. The studied taxa are all in the same life cycle stage (nymph/larva), and many of them have different maximum life span potentials. We assess the antioxidant capacity through the determination of the trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, the ferric-reducing/antioxidant power and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, DT-diaphorase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, to determine the oxidative damage, we examine thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, free malondialdehyde, protein-bound malondialdehyde, total hydroperoxides, and protein hydroperoxides. In summary, we can consider that having predatory feeding habits, having a long-life cycle and living in permanent streams with cold, well-oxygenated waters are related to a proper oxidative state in the insects that we studied. On the other hand, non-exclusive predator species living in temporary streams with warm and poorly oxygenated waters with a short life cycle have a worse oxidative state. Thus, the oxidative state of each species could be defined by an interaction of biological and autecological factors, for which the relative importance is difficult to assess.</p>

scholarly journals Dietary Natural Plant Extracts Modulate Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status of Senegalese Sole Postlarvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Xavier ◽  
Luís E.C. Conceição ◽  
Luisa M.P. Valente ◽  
Rita Colen ◽  
Andreia C.M. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Senegalese Sole ◽  
Fish Diets ◽  
Growth Trial

Abstract Background Oxidative stress has a direct impact on fish production, affecting both growth and health status. Plant based extracts, such as those from green tea, curcumin and grape seeds, are known for their abundant content and diversity of polyphenols. These bioactive compounds have a high antioxidant capacity making such extracts good additives to include in fish diets potentially improving the oxidative status of fish, and therefore enhancing growth and stress resistance of farmed fish.A growth trial with Senegalese sole postlarvae (45 days after hatching) fed with four experimental diets, a control (CTRL) and three supplemented with natural antioxidants, namely curcumin (CC), green tea (GT) and grape seed (GS) extracts, was performed during 25 days to check if these supplements could improve growth performance and fish oxidative status. Moreover, a thermal stress was applied at the end of the growth trial, to assess the effect of these supplemented diets in stress resistance of sole postlarvae.ResultsSole growth was improved by the dietary inclusion of CC and GS compared to CTRL. Postlarvae from CC and CTRL present the lowest values of oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation). Moreover, the fish fed CC showed a decrease in stress related biomarkers (heat shock protein 70 and glutathione-S-transferase) compare to CTRL, which might be due to direct antioxidant capacity. In contrast the supplementation of GT and GS increased the content of oxidative damage in sole reared in standard conditions. However, after a thermal stress exposure both GT and GS treatment seem to prevent the increase of protein carbonylation content and the decrease in the levels of antioxidant glutathione in sole, depending on the time of exposure. ConclusionsOverall, dietary supplementation with these natural extracts modulates oxidative status and stress response after a short/long term temperature increase. The incorporation of curcumin seems to be a safe additive to include in sole diets, enhancing growth and oxidative status. The supplementation of the studied doses of green tea and grape seed extracts in fish diets needs further research as they may act as pro-oxidant depending of the culture conditions.

scholarly journals Dietary Natural Plant Extracts Modulate Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status of Senegalese Sole Postlarvae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Xavier ◽  
Luís Conceição ◽  
Luisa Valente ◽  
Rita Colen ◽  
Andreia Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Senegalese Sole ◽  
Fish Diets ◽  
Growth Trial

Abstract Oxidative stress has a direct impact on fish production, affecting both growth and health status. Plant based extracts, such as those from green tea, curcumin and grape seeds, are known for their abundant content and diversity of polyphenols. These bioactive compounds have a high antioxidant capacity making such extracts good additives to include in fish diets potentially improving the oxidative status of fish, and therefore enhancing growth and stress resistance of farmed fish. A growth trial with Senegalese sole postlarvae (45 DAH) fed with four experimental diets, a control (CTRL) and three supplemented with natural antioxidants, namely curcumin (CC), green tea (GT) and grape seed (GS) extracts, was performed during 25 days to check if these supplements could improve growth performance and fish oxidative status. Moreover, a thermal stress was applied at the end of the growth trial, to assess the effect of these supplemented diets in stress resistance of sole juveniles.Sole growth was improved by the dietary inclusion of CC and GS compared to CTRL. Juveniles from CC and CTRL present the lowest values of oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation (PC)). Moreover, the fish fed CC showed a decrease in stress related biomarkers (heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) compare to CTRL, which might be due to direct antioxidant capacity. In contrast the supplementation of GT and GS increased the content of oxidative damage in sole reared in standard conditions. However, after a thermal stress exposure both GT and GS treatment seem to prevent the increase of PC and decrease of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in sole and depending on the time of exposure. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with these natural extracts modulates oxidative status and stress response after a short/long term temperature increase. The incorporation of curcumin seems to be a safe additive to include in sole diets, enhancing growth and oxidative status. The supplementation of the studied doses of green tea and grape seed extracts in fish diets needs further research as they may act as pro-oxidant depending of the culture conditions.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure across immune challenge severities in a lizard: consequences for innate immunity, locomotor performance, and oxidative status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson S.B. ◽  
Virgin E.E. ◽  
Kepas M.E. ◽  
French S.S.
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

Reptiles, like other vertebrates, rely on immunity to defend themselves from infection. The energetic cost of an immune response is liable to scale with infection severity, prompting constraints on other self-maintenance traits if immune prioritization exceeds energy budget. In this study, adult male side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) were injected with high (20 µg/g body mass), low (10 µg/g body mass), or control (0 µg/g body mass) concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate bacterial infections of discrete severities. The costs and consequences of the immune response were assessed through comparisons of change in resting metabolic rates (RMR), energy metabolites (glucose, glycerol, triglycerides), innate immunity (bactericidal ability), sprint speed changes, and oxidative status (antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen metabolites). High-LPS lizards had the lowest glucose levels and greatest sprint reductions, while their RMR and bactericidal ability were similar to control lizards. Low-LPS lizards had elevated RMR and bactericidal ability, but glucose levels and sprint speed changes between that of high-LPS and control lizards. Levels of glycerol, triglycerides, reactive oxygen metabolites, and antioxidant capacity did not differ by treatment. Taken together, energy expenditure for the immune response differentially varies with challenge severity, posing consequences for self-maintenance processes in a reptile.

scholarly journals Acute Exercise and Oxidative Stress: CrossFit™ vs. Treadmill Bout

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Kliszczewicz ◽  
Quindry C. John ◽  
Blessing L. Daniel ◽  
Oliver D. Gretchen ◽  
Esco R. Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Antioxidant Power

AbstractCrossFit™, a popular high-intensity training modality, has been the subject of scrutiny, with concerns of elevated risk of injury and health. Despite these concerns empirical evidence regarding physiologic stresses including acute oxidative stress is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute redox response to a CrossFit™ bout. Furthermore, these findings were compared to a high-intensity treadmill bout as a point of reference. Ten males 26.4 ± 2.7 yrs having three or more months of CrossFit™ experience participated in the present study. Blood plasma was collected at four time points: Pre-exercise (PRE), immediately-post-exercise (IPE), 1 hr-post (1-HP) and 2 hr-post (2-HP), to examine oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity. Regarding plasma oxidative damage, CrossFit™ and Treadmill elicited a time-dependent increase of lipid peroxides 1-HP (CrossFit™=+143%,Treadmill=+115%) and 2-HP (CrossFit™=+256%,Treadmill+167%). Protein Carbonyls were increased IPE in CF only (+5%), while a time-dependent decrease occurred 1-HP (CrossFit™=−16%,Treadmill=−8%) and 2-HP (CF=−16%,TM=−1%) compared to IPE. Regarding antioxidant capacity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power also demonstrated a time-dependent increase within CrossFit™ and Treadmill: IPE (CrossFit™=+25%,Treadmill=+17%), 1-HP (CrossFit™=+26%,Treadmill=+4.8%), 2-HP (CrossFit™=+20%,Treadmill=+12%). Total Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity showed a time-dependent decrease in IPE (CrossFit™= −10%,Treadmill=−12%), 1-HP (CrossFit™= −12%,Treadmill=−6%), 2-HP (CrossFit™= −7%,Treadmill=−11%). No trial-dependent differences were observed in any biomarker of oxidative stress. The CrossFit™ bout elicited an acute blood oxidative stress response comparable to a traditional bout of high-intensity treadmill running. Results also confirm that exercise intensity and the time course of exercise recovery influence oxidative responses.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Screening and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Stone Fruits Waste by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and Their Potential Antioxidant Activities

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yili Hong ◽  
Zening Wang ◽  
Colin J. Barrow ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea ◽  
Hafiz A. R. Suleria
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Stone fruits, including peach (Prunus persica L.), nectarine (Prunus nucipersica L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) are common commercial fruits in the market. However, a huge amount of stone fruits waste is produced throughout the food supply chain during picking, handling, processing, packaging, storage, transportation, retailing and final consumption. These stone fruits waste contain high phenolic content which are the main contributors to the antioxidant potential and associated health benefits. The antioxidant results showed that plum waste contained higher concentrations of total phenolic content (TPC) (0.94 ± 0.07 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (0.34 ± 0.01 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g), while apricot waste contained a higher concentration of total tannin content (TTC) (0.19 ± 0.03 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g) and DPPH activity (1.47 ± 0.12 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/g). However, nectarine waste had higher antioxidant capacity in ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) (0.98 ± 0.02 mg AAE/g) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (0.91 ± 0.09 mg AAE/g) assays, while peach waste showed higher antioxidant capacity in 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay (0.43 ± 0.09 mg AAE/g) as compared to other stone fruits waste. Qualitative and quantitative phenolic analysis of Australian grown stone fruits waste were conducted by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) and HPLC-photodiode array detection (PDA). The LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS result indicates that 59 phenolic compounds were tentatively characterized in peach (33 compounds), nectarine (28), plum (38) and apricot (23). The HPLC-PDA indicated that p-hydroxybenzoic acid (18.64 ± 1.30 mg/g) was detected to be the most dominant phenolic acid and quercetin (19.68 ± 1.38 mg/g) was the most significant flavonoid in stone fruits waste. Hence, it could be concluded that stone fruit waste contains various phenolic compounds and have antioxidant potential. The results could support the applications of these stone fruit wastes in other food, feed, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Real-time spatio-temporal event detection on geotagged social media

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmeen George ◽  
Shanika Karunasekera ◽  
Aaron Harwood ◽  
Kwan Hui Lim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Geographical Space ◽  
Media Data

AbstractA key challenge in mining social media data streams is to identify events which are actively discussed by a group of people in a specific local or global area. Such events are useful for early warning for accident, protest, election or breaking news. However, neither the list of events nor the resolution of both event time and space is fixed or known beforehand. In this work, we propose an online spatio-temporal event detection system using social media that is able to detect events at different time and space resolutions. First, to address the challenge related to the unknown spatial resolution of events, a quad-tree method is exploited in order to split the geographical space into multiscale regions based on the density of social media data. Then, a statistical unsupervised approach is performed that involves Poisson distribution and a smoothing method for highlighting regions with unexpected density of social posts. Further, event duration is precisely estimated by merging events happening in the same region at consecutive time intervals. A post processing stage is introduced to filter out events that are spam, fake or wrong. Finally, we incorporate simple semantics by using social media entities to assess the integrity, and accuracy of detected events. The proposed method is evaluated using different social media datasets: Twitter and Flickr for different cities: Melbourne, London, Paris and New York. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we compare our results with two baseline algorithms based on fixed split of geographical space and clustering method. For performance evaluation, we manually compute recall and precision. We also propose a new quality measure named strength index, which automatically measures how accurate the reported event is.

scholarly journals Analytical Methods Used in Determining Antioxidant Activity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3380
Author(s):  
Irina Georgiana Munteanu ◽  
Constantin Apetrei
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Major Interest

The study of antioxidants and their implications in various fields, from food engineering to medicine and pharmacy, is of major interest to the scientific community. The present paper is a critical presentation of the most important tests used to determine the antioxidant activity, detection mechanism, applicability, advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Out of the tests based on the transfer of a hydrogen atom, the following were presented: the Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC) test, the Hydroxyl Radical Antioxidant Capacity (HORAC) test, the Total Peroxyl Radical Trapping Antioxidant Parameter (TRAP) test, and the Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity (TOSC) test. The tests based on the transfer of one electron include the Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Power (CUPRAC) test, the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) test, the Folin–Ciocalteu test. Mixed tests, including the transfer of both a hydrogen atom and an electron, include the 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) test, and the [2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1 -picrylhydrazyl] (DPPH) test. All these assays are based on chemical reactions and assessing the kinetics or reaching the equilibrium state relies on spectrophotometry, presupposing the occurrence of characteristic colours or the discolouration of the solutions to be analysed, which are processes monitored by specific wavelength adsorption. These assays were successfully applied in antioxidant analysis or the determination of the antioxidant capacity of complex samples. As a complementary method in such studies, one may use methods based on electrochemical (bio)sensors, requiring stages of calibration and validation. The use of chemical methods together with electrochemical methods may result in clarification of the operating mechanisms and kinetics of the processes involving several antioxidants.

Passthrough+

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Gaurav Chaurasia ◽  
Arthur Nieuwoudt ◽  
Alexandru-Eugen Ichim ◽  
Richard Szeliski ◽  
Alexander Sorkine-Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Encoding ◽  
View Synthesis ◽  
Performance Constraints ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Stereoscopic View ◽  
Target User ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Performance ◽  
3D Scene

We present an end-to-end system for real-time environment capture, 3D reconstruction, and stereoscopic view synthesis on a mobile VR headset. Our solution allows the user to use the cameras on their VR headset as their eyes to see and interact with the real world while still wearing their headset, a feature often referred to as Passthrough. The central challenge when building such a system is the choice and implementation of algorithms under the strict compute, power, and performance constraints imposed by the target user experience and mobile platform. A key contribution of this paper is a complete description of a corresponding system that performs temporally stable passthrough rendering at 72 Hz with only 200 mW power consumption on a mobile Snapdragon 835 platform. Our algorithmic contributions for enabling this performance include the computation of a coarse 3D scene proxy on the embedded video encoding hardware, followed by a depth densification and filtering step, and finally stereoscopic texturing and spatio-temporal up-sampling. We provide a detailed discussion and evaluation of the challenges we encountered, as well as algorithm and performance trade-offs in terms of compute and resulting passthrough quality.;AB@The described system is available to users as the Passthrough+ feature on Oculus Quest. We believe that by publishing the underlying system and methods, we provide valuable insights to the community on how to design and implement real-time environment sensing and rendering on heavily resource constrained hardware.

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