scholarly journals Dietary fermented products using koji mold and sweet potato-shochu distillery by-product promotes hepatic and serum cholesterol levels and modulates gut microbiota in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Kosakai ◽  
Hirotaka Kato ◽  
Cho Sho ◽  
Kuniaki Kawano ◽  
Ken-ichi Iwai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Koji Mold ◽  
Fermented Products

It has been reported that fermented products (FPs) prepared from sweet potato-shochu distillery by-product suppressed weight gain and decreased serum cholesterol levels in mice under normal dietary conditions. Furthermore, from the information gained from the above data regarding health benefits of the FPs, the aim of this study was evaluating the effects of dietary FPs on lipid accumulation and gut microbiota in mice with or without cholesterol-load in the diet. C57BL/6N mice were fed normal (CO) diet, CO with 10% FPs (CO + FPs) diet, cholesterol loaded (HC) diet, or HC with 10% FPs (HC + FPs) diet for 8 weeks. The mice were then euthanized, and blood samples, tissue samples, and feces were collected. The adipose tissue weight and liver triglyceride levels in the HC + FPs diet groups were significantly reduced compared to that in the HC diet groups. However, FPs significantly increased the serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the ratio of non-HDL-C to HDL-C and hepatic total cholesterol levels in mice fed cholesterol-loaded diet compared with that of the HC diet group. Since dietary FPs significantly decreased the protein expression levels of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase 1 in the HC + FPs diet groups, the cholesterol accumulation in FPs group may be explained by insufficient catabolism from cholesterol to bile acid. In addition, the dietary FPs tended to increase Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa, which are butyrate-producing bacteria. Related to the result, n-butyrate was significantly increased in the CO + FPs and the HC + FPs diet groups compared to their respective control groups. These findings suggested that dietary FPs modulated the lipid pool and gut microbiota.

scholarly journals High serum cholesterol levels in persons with 'high-normal' TSH levels: should one extend the definition of subclinical hypothyroidism?

1998 ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Michalopoulou ◽  
M Alevizaki ◽  
G Piperingos ◽  
D Mitsibounas ◽  
E Mantzos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Serum ◽  
High Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Group D ◽  
Tsh Levels

OBJECTIVE: The association between established hypothyroidism and high cholesterol levels is well known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of thyroxine (T4) administration on cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects with TSH levels within the normal range ('high-normal' TSH compared with 'low-normal' TSH). DESIGN AND METHODS: We determined TSH levels in 110 consecutive patients referred for hypercholesterolemia (serum cholesterol >7.5 mmol/l). Those with 'high-normal' TSH (2.0-4.0 microU/ml) as well as those with 'low-normal' TSH (0.40-1.99 microU/ml) were randomly assigned to receive either 25 or 50 microg T4 daily for two months. Thus, groups A and B (low-normal TSH) received 25 and 50 microg T4 respectively and groups C and D (high-normal TSH) received 25 and 50 microg T4 respectively. Serum T4, tri-iodothyronine (T3), TSH, free thyroxine index, resin T3 uptake and thyroid autoantibodies (ThAab) as well as total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, LDL), and triglycerides were determined before and at the end of the two-month treatment period. RESULTS: TSH levels were reduced in all groups. The most striking effect was observed in group D (TSH levels before: 2.77+/-0.55, after: 1.41+/-0.85 microU/ml, P < 0.01). Subjects in groups C and D had a higher probability of having positive ThAabs. A significant reduction in total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and LDL (P < 0.01) was observed after treatment only in group D. In those subjects in group D who were ThAab negative, there was no significant effect of thyroxine on cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with high-normal TSH levels combined with ThAabs may, in fact, have subclinical hypothyroidism presenting with elevated cholesterol levels. It is possible that these patients might benefit from thyroxine administration.

Lactobacillus reuteri A9 and Lactobacillus mucosae A13 isolated from Chinese superlongevity people modulate lipid metabolism in a hypercholesterolemia rat model

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinchi Jiang ◽  
Ninghan Feng ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang ◽  
Fengping Liu ◽  
Jianxin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lactobacillus Mucosae

ABSTRACT While there is strong evidence showing that many food-borne probiotics regulate cholesterol metabolism, few studies have examined how probiotics of human origin affect cholesterol metabolism. Because people living in so-called ‘longevity villages’ are unlikely to have hypercholesterolemia, we hypothesized that probiotics isolated from the residents would have cholesterol-reducing effects on rats with hypercholesterolemia. We isolated 16 strains of Lactobacillus from four longevity populations in China. The strains were tested in vitro for bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity and two isolates, Lactobacillus reuteri A9 and Lactobacillus mucosae A13, were screened out. These two strains were then administered daily for 28 d to rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. The serum total cholesterol levels in the L. reuteri A9 and L. mucosae A13 groups decreased by 24.3% and 21.6%, respectively. The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased by 23.8% and 25.2%, respectively. The L. reuteri A9 and L. mucosae A13 groups also exhibited upregulated hepatic mRNA expression of Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (Srebp2) by 2.71-fold and 2.54-fold, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) in the two groups were significantly up-regulated by 1.28-fold and 2.17-fold, respectively. The composition of gut microbiota was recovered by oral gavage in both experimental groups, and the destroyed diversity of gut microbiota was relieved.

A BRIEF COMMUNICATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Šošic-Jurjević ◽  
Branko Filipović ◽  
Vladimir Ajdžanović ◽  
Dejan Brkić ◽  
Nataša Ristić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Estradiol Treatment ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Higher Doses

Nutritional supplements containing soybean phytoestrogens, the isoflavones genistein (G) and daidzein (D), are increasingly used as alternative therapy for osteoporosis, cancer, and cardiovascular and other diseases with a frequency that increases with advancing age. In this study we examined the effects of subcutaneous administration of either G or D on serum lipid levels in orchidectomized (Orx) and intact (IA) middle-aged male rats, which are experimental models of andropause. Sixteen-month-old Wistar rats were treated with 10 mg/kg and 30mg/kg of either G or D. The control groups received testosterone, estradiol, or vehicle for 3 weeks, after which the total serum cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and total triglycerides (TT) were measured. Compared with the matching vehicle-treated controls, the higher doses of G and D and testosterone treatment significantly ( P < 0.05) lowered the TC and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The greatest effect was observed regarding LDL-C in both Orx and IA males after G and D treatments, in which LDL-C decreased by more than 30%. The lower isoflavone doses induced a significant cholesterol-lowering effect ( P < 0.05) only in the Orx group. Like the estradiol treatment, the higher doses of G and D increased the TT levels in both rat models by more than 50% ( P < 0.05). The lower doses of isoflavones increased TT only in the Orx group. In male middle-aged rats, injections of higher doses of G and D decreased the serum cholesterol levels, as did testosterone injection, and brought about an increase in serum triglycerides similar to that observed after estradiol treatment.

scholarly journals Relationship between Egg Consumption and Body Composition as Well as Serum Cholesterol Level: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5918
Author(s):  
Jung-Eun Shim ◽  
Young-Gyun Seo
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

We analyzed the relationship between egg consumption, body composition, and serum cholesterol levels. We obtained data on egg consumption by using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (13,132 adults) and the 24-h dietary recall (24HR) (13,366 adults) from the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2008–2011). In men, consuming 2–3 eggs/week was associated with higher fat mass (FM), percentage body fat (PBF), and fat-to-muscle ratio (FtoM), compared to consuming <1 egg/week. In women, consuming 1–6 eggs/week was associated with higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, consuming 2–6 eggs/week was associated with higher total cholesterol, and consuming 4–6 eggs/week was associated with higher FM and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared to consuming <1 egg/week. There was no relationship between egg consumption and the prevalence of dyslipidemia, and there was no relationship between egg consumption, body composition, and serum cholesterol levels according to the 24HR. However, there was some association with other cardiovascular diseases and consumption of certain amounts of eggs. Egg consumption investigated by FFQ was associated with body composition and serum cholesterol levels. However, the egg consumption investigated by the 24HR resulted in no health benefit or harm with respect to body composition and cholesterol.

Fasting is not required for measuring plasma lipid levels in rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
Ruihan Liu ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Baoning Liu ◽  
Liang Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels

Plasma lipid and glucose levels are important parameters for evaluating the onset and development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In clinical and experimental studies of humans or mice, fasting is often required before testing plasma lipid and glucose levels. The rabbit is a valuable animal model for cardiovascular disease research. However, whether fasting is necessary for measuring plasma lipid and glucose levels in rabbits remains unclear. In the current study, 12 healthy Japanese white rabbits (males weighing 2.5–3.0 kg) were randomly divided into a chow diet group ( n = 6) and a high cholesterol diet group ( n = 6). They were fed either a standard chow diet or a chow diet supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol and 3% corn oil for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose were measured before and after various fasting durations (8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h). The results showed that there were no significant differences in lipid levels between the fasting and non-fasting samples, whereas glucose levels were lower after 8 h of fasting than in the absence of fasting. Moreover, the glucose levels were restored to normal after 8 h of refeeding. These results indicate that fasting does not affect plasma lipid values in rabbits but that fasting is important for determining the glucose level in rabbits. These findings may be helpful for future rabbit experiments and beneficial for animal welfare.

Abstract P326: Perceived Neighborhood Crime is Associated With Serum Cholesterol Levels Among Females, but Not Males: Santiago Longitudinal Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M Delker ◽  
Estela Blanco ◽  
Patricia East ◽  
Raquel Burrows ◽  
Jorge Delva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Neighborhood Crime ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Sex Crime

Introduction: In a Chilean sample, adolescents’ CVD risk factors were associated with perceived neighborhood crime. To determine if this effect was sustained, we examined associations between adolescents’ perceived neighborhood crime and their serum cholesterol levels in young adulthood. Neighborhood stress has been cross-sectionally related to dyslipidemia in previous studies. Hypothesis: (1) Higher levels of perceived crime will be associated with higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL). (2) Sex will modify this association. Methods: Data were from adolescent (x =14 yrs) and young adult waves (x =22 yrs) of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (N=645). Perceived neighborhood crime was measured using three scale items about neighborhood drug use, muggings, burglaries and assaults. Crime was analyzed as a continuous and categorical variable. Fasting HDL and LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) were measured at 22 yrs. Associations between crime and HDL and LDL were analyzed by linear regression, adjusting for sex, age and SES. Effect modification by sex was tested with sex*crime interaction. Results: Participants were low-middle income and 55% female. Females perceived slightly more crime than males (F: x =9.1 M: x =8.8, p=0.30). There was a significant sex*crime interaction for HDL (p=0.03) and LDL (p=0.01). Among males, average HDL and LDL were 100±32 and 41±12; crime did not relate to either outcome. Among females, average HDL and LDL were 100±28 and 46±14; neighborhood crime was negatively associated with HDL and positively associated with LDL. For example, females reporting the most crime had, on average, 7.5 mm/dL lower HDL and 12.8 mm/dL higher LDL than females reporting the least amount of crime (Fig. 1). Conclusions: Perceived crime was prospectively associated with worse lipid profiles among females but not males. A sex-specific stress mechanism may be operating. Further study of the physiologic and behavioral mechanisms contributing to these findings is needed.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SODIUM ALGINATE ON PREVENTION OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulis Kartika ◽  
Hakim Bangun ◽  
Rosidah Rosidah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Regular Diet

Objective: The present study is to determine the effect of liquid of sodium alginate and powder on the prevention of raising cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis in rats (preventive effect).Method: Experimental animals were divided into prevention groups. Preventive groups used were 24 normal rats and then divided into four groups, each group consisted of 6 animals: Group 1 (fed a regular diet), Group 2 (fed high cholesterol diet), Group 3 (fed high cholesterol diet and alginate liquid 2% diet), and Group 4 (fed high cholesterol and alginate powder). Rats are given with cholesterol food, alginate liquid, alginate powder a dose of 1 ml/100 g body weight once a day. Parameters measured were cholesterol level, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, triglyceride (TG) level, body weight every week, and histopathologically of the aorta for foam cells examined at the end of the experiment. Analysis of data was performed using one-way ANOVA.Results: The lipid profiles in the preventive group showed alginate liquid and powder which have the effect of preventing increase total cholesterol, LDL, TG, number of foam cells, and decrease HDL. Diet using alginate powder better than alginate liquid, but the effect was not different significantly (p<0.05) so do the regular diet, but higher than given with high cholesterol diet significantly (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that the alginate liquid and alginate powder have an anti-hypercholesterolemia property which has been proved by preventing increase LDL, TG, and increased HDL levels.

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