scholarly journals Winter bird-window collisions: mitigation success, risk factors, and implementation challenges

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara B. Brown ◽  
Erika Kusakabe ◽  
Angelo Antonopoulos ◽  
Sarah Siddoway ◽  
Lisa Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Cedar Waxwing ◽  
Generalized Estimating

Millions of birds die in bird-window collisions in the United States each year. In specialized test settings, researchers have developed methods to alter window designs to mitigate collisions. However, few published studies provide pretest and posttest evaluations of mitigation treatment areas and untreated control areas on existing buildings. We initially monitored bird-window collisions at a single building on the University of Utah campus in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, during winter 1 (November 9, 2017–January 2, 2018). We found 15 bird-window collisions, most under a portion of the building with a mirrored façade. To test a mitigation treatment, we installed Feather Friendly® bird deterrent film on part of the mirrored façade after winter 1. The unmitigated areas of the same building served as a control area. We continued monitoring during the following winter 2 (November 15, 2018–January 12, 2019). The treated area collisions declined from seven before mitigation to two after mitigation, a 71% reduction. The control area had eight collisions at both times. Results of a generalized estimating equation yielded a significant area by season interaction effect (p = 0.03) and fewer collisions in the mitigated area than the control area at winter 2 (p = 0.03), supporting efficacy of the mitigation. In winter 2 we also expanded monitoring to eight total buildings to evaluate the risks of mirrored windows and proximity to fruiting pear trees (Prunus calleryana) and the benefits of bird-friendly glass. Bird-friendly glass, found on two buildings, included windows with permanent fritted dots or embedded ultraviolet patterns. We counted 22 collisions across the eight buildings. Mirrored windows and proximity to fruiting pear trees related to higher odds of bird-window collisions, based on separate generalized estimating equations. The best fit model included mirrored windows and pear trees. The two buildings with bird-friendly glass had only one collision, suggesting that these designs deter collisions, although the difference was not statistically significant. To publicize the study and to receive reports of additional bird collisions or fatalities on campus, we created a citizen science project on iNaturalist and engaged in additional outreach efforts that yielded 22 ad hoc reports. Many previous studies have documented Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) collisions, but at relatively low numbers. Cedar Waxwings accounted for 31 of 34 identifiable collisions from the monitoring study and 4 of 21 identifiable collisions or fatalities from ad hoc reports.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Comparison of Tamale and Salt Lake City Experience of Unemployed Women With Physical Disabilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Augustina Naami
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Lake City ◽  
Women With Physical Disabilities

<p>Gender and disability interacts to create several challenges and vulnerabilities for women with disabilities. This paper explores and compares the daily experiences of unemployed women with physical disabilities in Tamale-Ghana and Salt Lake City, Utah in the United States.</p><p>Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 women with physical disabilities about their experiences with employment, unemployment and how unemployment affects their lives. Outcome suggests that the women encounter several challenges in their daily lives relating to mobility, family relationships, income, social participation and living arrangement. While some of the experiences undoubtedly differ between the two studies, some, interestingly, were similar across the two geographic regions regardless of the cultural differences.</p>

scholarly journals CFS Prediction of Winter Persistent Inversions in the Intermountain Region

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Gillies ◽  
Shih-Yu Wang ◽  
Jin-Ho Yoon ◽  
Scott Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
Intraseasonal Oscillation ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intermountain West ◽  
Medium Range Weather Forecast ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
Lake City ◽  
Intermountain Region

Abstract A recent study by Gillies and others of persistent inversion events in the Intermountain West of the United States found a substantive linkage between the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) and the development of persistent inversion events. Given that NCEP’s Climate Forecast System (CFS) has demonstrated skill in the prediction of the ISO as far out as 1 month, it was decided to examine the CFS forecast’s capability in the prediction of such winter persistent inversions. After initial analysis, a simple regression scheme is proposed that is coupled to the CFS output of geopotential height as a way to predict the occurrence of persistent inversion events for Salt Lake City, Utah. Analysis of the CFS hindcasts through the period 1981–2008 indicates that the regression coupled with the CFS can predict persistent inversion events with lead times of up to 4 weeks. The adoption of this coupled regression–CFS prediction may improve the forecasting of persistent inversion events in the Intermountain West, which is currently restricted to the more limited time span (∼10 days) of medium-range weather forecast models.

Mythologizing Memories: A Critique of the Utah Korean War Memorial

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhi Choi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Lake City

Abstract Since its fiftieth anniversary, memorialization of the Korean War has taken place in towns and cities across the United States. As a case study of this belated memory boom, this essay looks at the Utah Korean War Memorial, erected by local veterans in 2003 at Memory Grove Park, Salt Lake City. Situated in both the local and national contexts of remembrance, the memorial resonates largely with three mythical scripts, with themes of resilience, local pride, and the good war, all of which have allowed veterans to negotiate tensions between individual and collective memories. This case study reveals in particular how the official commemoration of the war has shifted local veterans' rhetorical positions from potential witnesses of subversive realities of the war to uncritical negotiators whose legitimization of the very process of mythologizing memories has ultimately alienated them from their own experiences during and after the war.

North of the U.S.-Mexico Border

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
Elisa Eastwood Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latter Day Saints ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Lake City ◽  
Mormon Church ◽  
The Church

This chapter examines Bautista’s U.S. residency (1910 to 1922) and its influence on his spiritual trajectory. It argues that during his first twelve years in the United States, Bautista experienced a decade of unprecedented personal growth and opportunity, which probably led him to expect a lifetime of increasing responsibility as a Mexican member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Bautista crossed the border a month before the Mexican Revolution began. He settled first in Mesa, Arizona, but moved to Utah in 1913 where he helped found the first Spanish-speaking branch of the Mormon Church in Salt Lake City. Though initially a gardener on Temple Square, Bautista became president of his congregation and the Lamanite Genealogical Society, mastered temple rituals and Mormon doctrine, published an article, and spoke to audiences about his experiences as a Mexican Mormon.

SOLVENT SNIFFING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-461
Author(s):  
Edward Press ◽  
Alan K. Done
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
The United States ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Behavioral Difficulties ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Lake City

THOUSANDS of adolescents and teen-aged youngsters in many cities throughout the United States and other countries are deliberately inhaling vapors of a wide variety of volatile organic solvents in order to induce repeated states of inebriation. Although the practice itself is not new, its occurrence in epidemic proportions in many areas and the passage of legislation prohibiting the act in many cities and states in the United States have brought the problem into nationwide prominence. Some of the solvents used (such as carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethane, benzene, and acetone) have been implicated in previous industrial exposures as the cause of serious toxic effects, including fatalities. The possibility of similar ill effects from these and other solvents when used in much higher concentrations at shorter, but frequently repeated intervals as currently practiced, is one that has been raised repeatedly. Consequently, the Panel on Household and Economic Chemicals of the American Medical Association's Section on Adverse Reactions (Council on Drugs) invited this appraisal of the problem. Included is an assessment of the potential problem from the standpoints of incidence, acute effects, behavioral difficulties, possible chronic or cumulative toxic effects, and possible remedial measures. SOURCES OF INFORMATION This report summarizes the authors' investigations of the problem over the period of the last several years. In addition, it includes a review of published reports, the results of extensive discussions and correspondence with medical and law enforcement personnel in many areas of the United States, Sweden, and elsewhere. Also direct medical and hospital studies of a sample of habitual sniffers by one of us (A.K.D.) in Salt Lake City, Utah, and a detailed comparison of four other similar studies and a personal experiment on simultaneous electroencephalographic tracings and blood level measurements during inhalation by the other (E.P.).

Raymond Donovan Wood (1902-1964)

ARCTIC ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Porsild
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
New York University ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Arctic Plants ◽  
National Herbarium ◽  
Lake City

Raymond Donovan Wood, a practising attorney in Mount Kisco, N.Y. for 32 years, and recently retired to Salt Lake City, Utah, died suddenly 30 November, 1964. Raymond Wood was born on 17 January, 1902 in Iowa, and came to New York in 1925. A graduate of the University of Nebraska, he received his M.A. at Northwestern University in Chicago, and became Juris Doctor from New York University following which he completed two years of post graduate work at Columbia University. He was an Associate Member of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain, and a Fellow of the Arctic Institute of North America. His principal hobby and recreation was photography, especially of wildflowers. For many years he spent whatever time he could spare from his law practice photographing rare wild flowers in the mountains of the northeastern States. It was natural, therefore, that later in search of new material he turned to the Arctic, and that for the planning of future field seasons he should come to the National Museum of Canada to acquaint himself with arctic plants and to seek the advice of its botanical staff in planning his itineraries. Between 1956 and 1962, Raymond Wood personally financed extended field trips to the American Arctic, from West Greenland to Alaska for the purpose of making colour photographs of arctic flowers. On all his expeditions Raymond Wood was accompanied by his wife Mildred whom he always acknowledged as the botanist of the "team", whereas he did "only" the photography and, at the end of the season, the processing of the hundreds of rolls of colour and black and white film that invariably resulted from his summer's activity. Meticulous and painstaking about all they did, the Woods always collected voucher specimens of the wild flowers they photographed. These specimens they presented to the National Herbarium of Canada at Ottawa together with one of the two or three original transparencies made of each plant object. During four summers in the Canadian Arctic, one in West Greenland, and two in Alaska, Raymond and Mildred Wood photographed 354 different species of arctic flowering plants and ferns, many of them never photographed before. One carefully labelled set of 775 colour transparencies all in 2.5" x 2.5" format, carefully mounted, labelled, and indexed are now in the National Herbarium of Canada at Ottawa. A set of 340 colour transparencies of Alaskan wild flowers they presented to the Arctic Research Laboratory, Barrow, Alaska in return for logistic support during two field seasons in Alaska. Due to their high technical skill and meticulous planning, these unique collections of plant portraits and plant habitats will long remain invaluable reference "tools" for present and future botanists engaged in the study of arctic plants. Following their retirement to Salt Lake City, Utah, the Woods had planned to photograph Rocky Mountain alpine flowers in Canada and in the United States. Although the main objective of their arctic trips was to make photographs, Raymond and Mildred Wood always took a keen personal interest in the Eskimo and white residents of the North, making lasting friends and contacts wherever they went. Their many friends not only in Mount Kisco, Salt Lake City and Ottawa, but also in many northern towns and villages from Greenland to Alaska will miss their welcome visits and lament the premature passing of their friend.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Scale Interaction on Wintertime Intermountain West Low-Level Inversions

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1196-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Gillies ◽  
Shih-Yu Wang ◽  
Marty R. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intermountain West ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Lake City

Abstract Persistent winter inversions result in poor air quality in the Intermountain West of the United States. Although the onset of an inversion is relatively easy to predict, the duration and the subsequent breakup of a persistent inversion event remains a forecasting challenge. For this reason and for this region, historic soundings were analyzed for Salt Lake City, Utah, with reanalysis and station data to investigate how persistent inversion events are modulated by synoptic and intraseasonal variabilities. The results point to a close linkage between persistent inversions and the dominant intraseasonal (30 day) mode that characterizes the winter circulation regime over the Pacific Northwest. Meteorological variables and pollution (e.g., particulate matter of ≤2.5-μm diameter, PM2.5) revealed coherent variations with this intraseasonal mode. The intraseasonal mode also modulates the characteristics of the synoptic (6 day) variability and further influences the duration of persistent inversions in the Intermountain West. The interaction between modes suggests that a complete forecast of persistent inversions is more involved and technically beyond numerical weather prediction models intended for the medium range (∼10 day). Therefore, to predict persistent inversions, the results point to the adoption of standard medium-range forecasts with a longer-term climate diagnostic approach.

scholarly journals CO2 and Carbon Emissions from Cities: Linkages to Air Quality, Socioeconomic Activity, and Stakeholders in the Salt Lake City Urban Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 2325-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Lin ◽  
Logan Mitchell ◽  
Erik Crosman ◽  
Daniel L. Mendoza ◽  
Martin Buchert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Lake City

AbstractUrban areas are responsible for a substantial proportion of anthropogenic carbon emissions around the world. As global populations increasingly reside in cities, the role of urban emissions in determining the future trajectory of carbon emissions is magnified. Consequently, a number of research efforts have been started in the United States and beyond, focusing on observing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and relating its variations to carbon emissions in cities. Because carbon emissions are intimately tied to socioeconomic activity through the combustion of fossil fuels, and many cities are actively adopting emission reduction plans, such urban carbon research efforts give rise to opportunities for stakeholder engagement and guidance on other environmental issues, such as air quality.This paper describes a research effort centered in the Salt Lake City, Utah, metropolitan region, which is the locus for one of the longest-running urban CO2 networks in the world. The Salt Lake City area provides a rich environment for studying anthropogenic emissions and for understanding the relationship between emissions and socioeconomic activity when the CO2 observations are enhanced with a) air quality observations, b) novel mobile observations from platforms on light-rail public transit trains and a news helicopter, c) dense meteorological observations, and d) modeling efforts that include atmospheric simulations and high-resolution emission inventories.Carbon dioxide and other atmospheric observations are presented, along with associated modeling work. Examples in which the work benefited from and contributed to the interests of multiple stakeholders (e.g., policymakers, air quality managers, municipal government, urban planners, industry, and the general public) are discussed.

scholarly journals Bird-window collisions: Mitigation efficacy and risk factors across two years

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11867
Author(s):  
Barbara B. Brown ◽  
Sabrina Santos ◽  
Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Published Data ◽  
University Of Utah ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Bombycilla Cedrorum ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Lake City ◽  
Transparent Windows

Background Research on bird-window collision mitigation is needed to prevent up to a billion bird fatalities yearly in the U.S. At the University of Utah campus (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA), past research documented collisions, especially for Cedar Waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) drawn to fruiting ornamental pears in winter. Mirrored windows, which have a metallic coating that turns window exteriors into mirrors, had frequent collisions, which were mitigated when Feather Friendly®bird deterrent markers were applied. Bird-friendly windows–ORNILUX®ultraviolet (UV) and fritted windows–also reduced collisions when data were collected across fall and winter. Extending this prior research, we evaluated additional mitigation and tested the replicability of effects for pear trees, mirrored windows, and bird-friendly windows across two years. Methods Using published data from eight buildings monitored for collisions in year 1 (Fall and Winter, 2019–2020), we added another year of monitoring, Fall and Winter, 2020–2021. Between years, Feather Friendly®mitigation markers were added to collision-prone areas of two buildings, including both mirrored and transparent windows. Results The two buildings that received new Feather Friendly®mitigation had significantly fewer collisions post-mitigation. Control areas also had nonsignificant decline in collisions. The interaction of area (mitigation vs. control) by time (year 1 vs. 2) was significant, based on generalized estimating equations (GEE). The total yearly collisions across all eight buildings declined from 39 to 23. A second GEE analysis of all 8 buildings showed that mirrored windows, pear trees, and bird-friendly windows were each significant when analyzed separately. The best-fit model showed more collisions for mirrored windows and fewer collisions for bird-friendly windows. We found pear tree proximity to be related to more collisions in winter than fall. In addition, pear trees showed reduced collisions from year 1 to 2, consistent with new mitigation for two of three buildings near pear trees. Discussion Feather Friendly® markers can mitigate collisions with transparent windows, not only mirrored windows, compared to unmitigated areas over 2 years. Results also underscore the dangers of pear tree proximity and mirrored windows and the efficacy of bird-friendly windows. Thus, bird collisions can be prevented by window mitigation, permanent bird-friendly windows, and landscape designs that avoid creating ecological traps.

scholarly journals Higher levels of self-efficacy and readiness for a future career among Spanish-speaking physician assistant students after their volunteer work at a student-run free clinic in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Shannon Weaver ◽  
Zainub Hussaini ◽  
Virginia Lynn Valentin ◽  
Samin Panahi ◽  
Sarah Elizabeth Levitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Physician Assistant ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Free Clinic ◽  
Future Career ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lake City

Volunteering at a free clinic may influence career choice among health profession students. The purpose of this study was to explore knowledge, skills, attitudes, self-efficacy, interest in future work with the underserved, and interest in primary care among physician assistant (PA) students through an analysis of demographic characteristics of PA students at a student-run free clinic in the United States. Data were collected from 56 PA students through a quantitative survey in October 2018 after their participation at a student-run free clinic in Salt Lake City, Utah, in the intermountain west region of the USA. Out of the 3 sub-scales (attitudes, effect, and readiness), students responded most positively to items exploring the effect of their experiences of volunteering at the free clinic. Students who spoke Spanish showed higher levels of self-efficacy and readiness for a future career than non-Spanish speakers.

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