scholarly journals Importance of considering interoceptive abilities in alexithymia assessment

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Fournier ◽  
Olivier Luminet ◽  
Michael Dambrun ◽  
Frédéric Dutheil ◽  
Sonia Pellissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Tas 20

Background Recent studies have shown that people with high alexithymia scores have decreased interoceptive abilities, which can be associated with psychological and physical disorders. Early assessments of the alexithymia trait included the evaluation of these abilities through the dimension measuring the difficulty in identifying and distinguishing between feelings and bodily sensations (the 26-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale; TAS-26). The revised version of the TAS, the TAS-20, contains a three-factor solution that does not involve a dimension assessing interoceptive abilities. However, the three items allowing the evaluation of these abilities are still present in the TAS-20. In this context, we hypothesized that the 3 items which assess interoceptive abilities in the TAS-20 should constitute an independent factor. In addition to exploring the internal structure of the TAS-20, we examined its external validity by assessing the relationships between the new factors and self-reported measures of personality trait and psychological and physical health. Method Two online studies (N = 253 and N = 287) were performed. The participants completed the TAS-20 and a set of psychological questionnaires (e.g., anxiety, depression) and health questions (e.g., “Do you suffer from a somatic disorder?”). The structure of the TAS-20 was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), followed by an investigation of the relationships between the resulting new factors and other psychological and health data using regressions. In both studies, EFA revealed a new structure of the questionnaire consisting of four dimensions: (1) difficulty in the awareness of feelings, (2) externally oriented thinking, (3) difficulty in interoceptive abilities, and (4) poor affective sharing. The first factor was positively associated with all self-reported psychological and personality trait measures while the third factor was associated more with somatic disorders and medication intake. Results Our results suggest the presence of a new latent factor in the assessment of alexithymia that reflects interoceptive abilities specifically related to health and personality trait outcomes. In accordance with the results and the literature, it seems important to include an assessment of interoceptive abilities when considering the evaluation of alexithymia. The next step would be to develop a valid measure of these abilities.

Using Critical Praxis to Understand and Teach Teamwork

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Seibold ◽  
Paul Kang
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Context ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Practice Of Teaching

The authors pursue three aims in this article. The first is to underscore critical praxis as an especially valuable approach to understanding and enabling teamwork. The second is to offer four dimensions of teamwork—vision, roles, processes, and relationships— as salient areas to interrogate using critical praxis. The third aim is to consider the implications and methods for teaching teamwork in the classroom context. In the process of doing so, the authors highlight limitations of prevailing theoretical approaches and note changes in their own practice of teaching and facilitating teamwork that have occurred through a commitment to critical praxis.

Metacognitions, Emotions, and Procrastination

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcantonio M. Spada ◽  
Kalliopi Hiou ◽  
Ana V. Nikcevic
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Decisional Procrastination ◽  
Penn State ◽  
State Worry ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The present study explored the relationships between metacognitions, negative emotions, and procrastination. A convenience sample of 179 participants completed the following questionnaires: General Procrastination Scale, Decisional Procrastination Scale, Meta-cognitions Questionnaire 30, Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A cross-sectional design was adopted and data analysis consisted of correlation and multiple regression analyses. One dimension of metacognitions was found to be positively and significantly correlated with behavioral procrastination. Four dimensions of metacognitions were found to be positively and significantly correlated with decisional procrastination. Positive and significant relationships were also observed between anxiety, depression and behavioral procrastination; and between anxiety, depression, worry, and decisional procrastination. Multiple regression analyses indicated that depression and beliefs about cognitive confidence independently predicted behavioral procrastination, and that depression and positive beliefs about worry independently predicted decisional procrastination. These preliminary results would seem to suggest that metacognitive theory may be relevant to understanding procrastination.

The Third Wave: Islamization of Europe, or Europanization of Islam?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-136
Author(s):  
Maurits S. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
The Political ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Real ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Third ◽  
European Values ◽  
Made In

Abstract To understand the concerns and issues related to Muslims and Islam in Europe, this article makes use of a framework that qualifies ‘Islam’ as two manifestations of ‘physical’ and ‘virtual’ Islam and ‘Europe’ as two discourses defined as the political-legal and cultural-religious discourse. The resulting matrix of these four dimensions will be applied to several of the main issues of the interaction between Islam and Europe: the numerical presence of Muslims, their visibility, the legacy of centuries of European-Islamic interaction, and the (in)compatibility of Islamic and European values. Based on these examples, the author observes that the European concerns regarding ‘Islam’ mostly relate to virtual Islam and are dominated by cultural-religious discourse. The author therefore questions the often-heard two-choice question between ‘Europanization of Islam’ or ‘Islamization of Europe’, arguing that the real choice to be made in Europe is whether it will adhere to its political-legal values, such as liberalism, equalit and human rights, or will prefer its cultural-religious values.

Environmental Justice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Hanschel ◽  
Elizabeth Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
World Views ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ontological Sense

This chapter deals with the evolving quest to attain environmental justice. It demonstrates that there are many facets and manifestations of environmental justice—a concept that sits at the junction of legal doctrine and anthropological realities. Amalgamating these two perspectives permits us to capture examples of such injustices and to analyse how law responds to them. This investigation into environmental justice adopts a three-pronged approach. The first section, ‘The meaning and origins of “environmental justice”’, contemplates the emergence and rise of the environmental justice movement, as well as disruptions and innovations in the ontological sense of the concept itself. The second section, ‘Litigating environmental justice’, lays out concrete facets of environmental justice from a classic anthropocentric viewpoint in a schematically organized format. Four dimensions of environmental justice litigation are delineated. In the third part of the chapter, ‘Expanding environmental justice’, we consider more holistic or ecocentric applications of environmental justice, most notably Indigenous world views and the potential recognition of the rights of nature. We conclude that environmental justice is a moving target—it can mean different things to different people in different contexts, and is constantly adapting to new realities. As topics such as climate change or loss of biodiversity show, the human–nature relationship is, indeed, among the most pressing issues of our time. Environmental justice is, therefore, likely to gain even more importance in the coming decades, and further interdisciplinary research will be required to understand what that justice may entail in very concrete and variegated circumstances.

Empire—A World History

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-88
Author(s):  
Peter Fibiger Bang
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
World History ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Us ◽  
Third Millennium Bce ◽  
Four Discourses

This chapter attempts a synthesis of the imperial experience in world history. Setting out from an in-depth comparison of two incidents, one from the US occupation of Iraq, the other from the Jewish uprising against Nero (66–70 CE), cooperation with local elites is identified as the key to imperial government. The chapter proceeds to discuss current definitions of empire, followed by a wide-ranging survey of modern theories of empire. Most of these can be grouped within four discourses that originate in societal debates from the early 1900s: about monopoly, capitalism and empire; about empire as predatory networks of aristocratic elites; about empire and national identity; and about geopolitics and the balance of power. These four theoretical discourses provide the four dimensions of an analytical matrix that, finally, structure an attempt at synthesizing the imperial experience in world history, from the third millennium BCE Levantine Bronze Age until the present.

Exploring Type-and-Identity-Based Proxy Re-Encryption Scheme to Securely Manage Personal Health Records

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Luan Ibraimi ◽  
Qiang Tang ◽  
Pieter Hartel ◽  
Willem Jonker
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Third ◽  
Access Control Policies ◽  
Identity Based

Commercial Web-based Personal-Health Record (PHR) systems can help patients to share their personal health records (PHRs) anytime from anywhere. PHRs are very sensitive data and an inappropriate disclosure may cause serious problems to an individual. Therefore commercial Web-based PHR systems have to ensure that the patient health data is secured using state-of-the-art mechanisms. In current commercial PHR systems, even though patients have the power to define the access control policy on who can access their data, patients have to trust entirely the access-control manager of the commercial PHR system to properly enforce these policies. Therefore patients hesitate to upload their health data to these systems as the data is processed unencrypted on untrusted platforms. Recent proposals on enforcing access control policies exploit the use of encryption techniques to enforce access control policies. In such systems, information is stored in an encrypted form by the third party and there is no need for an access control manager. This implies that data remains confidential even if the database maintained by the third party is compromised. In this paper we propose a new encryption technique called a type-and-identity-based proxy re-encryption scheme which is suitable to be used in the healthcare setting. The proposed scheme allows users (patients) to securely store their PHRs on commercial Web-based PHRs, and securely share their PHRs with other users (doctors).

scholarly journals Red, Yellow, Or Green: Which Colors Are Your Co-Operatives?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Puspasari ◽  
Meutia Karunia Dewi ◽  
Tiladela Luhita
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Result Show ◽  
The Government

Co-operative is a socio-economic institution which is the most appropriate for Indonesian economic system. Indonesia has the largest number of co-operatives in the world, however, they have not contributed optimally for the Indonesian economy. Co-operative trainings held by the government failed to improve co-operative’s quality, since those trainings were not based on co-operative’s real needs. This study aims to identify and map areas of action for future development of the co-operatives. Using modified Development Ladder Assessment (DLA) as a tool, 74 co-operatives in Central Java, Indonesia,  were measured. Four dimensions were assessed using DLA: 1) vision, 2) governance and member engagement, 3) management capacity and business development, and 4) financial management.  Total score for each dimension determines whether co-operative is in red, yellow or green areas. Red means poor, yellow means moderate, and green means excellent. Most of the co-operatives are poor in the first (vision) and the third (management capacity and business development) dimensions. The Co-operatives were also found to have moderate governance and member engagement (the second dimension). Finally, the result show that financial management (the fourth dimension) has been well-implemented. Implication of this study is that co-operatives are suggested to get appropriate trainings based on their color areas. 

scholarly journals The role of extraversion and neuroticism for experiencing stress during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Bellingtier ◽  
Marcus Mund ◽  
Cornelia Wrzus
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderate Stress

AbstractAlthough long postulated, it has been scarcely researched how personality traits play out differently in distinct situations. We examined if Neuroticism and Extraversion, personality traits known to moderate stress processes, function differently in highly stressful situations requiring reduced social contact, that is, the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on past findings, we expected neuroticism to be associated with exacerbated perceptions of stress. In contrast to past findings, we expected extraversion, which usually ameliorates stress, to be associated with intensified perceptions of stress, especially in regard to the sociability facet. During the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, one-hundred-thirty adults (age M = 21.7 years) reported on their personality traits including their facets with the BFI-2, COVID-19-related stressors, and their perceived stress during the last month (using the PSS). Findings indicated that neuroticism was associated with higher perceived stress regardless of the COVID-19-related stressors experienced. Facet level analysis revealed differences for anxiety, depression, and volatility. Importantly, trait extraversion was unassociated with stress experiences, whereas specifically the facet of sociability was associated with higher perceived stress. Also, the facets of assertiveness and energy both moderated the relationship between COVID-19-related stressors and perceived stress. In line with the transactional theory of stress, our findings indicate that perceptions of stress were best understood by looking at the interaction of environmental stressors and personality differences. Furthermore, the study substantiates that facets of personality traits offer unique information beyond broad traits in specific contexts.

scholarly journals Assessing The Fit And Stability Of Alternative Measures Of Service Quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marla Royne Stafford ◽  
Victor Prybutok ◽  
Brenda P. Wells ◽  
Leon Kappelman
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Ratio Approach ◽  
Perceptions And Expectations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
Single Approach

<span>Despite continued research, no single approach to assessing service quality has emerged as a standard, and reconciliation of the differences among these approaches remains quixotic. This paper focuses on the empirical assessment of different approaches to measuring service quality. Furthermore, this work examines the stability of these approaches by comparing the different measures among three companies within the same industry. Two of these approaches (difference scores and perceptions only) are discussed in the existing literature. The third approach (log of the ratio) is introduced in this work because of its potential quantitative advantage for assessing service quality while preserving the comparison between perceptions and expectations. A fourth approach (ratio) is included for completeness. Despite the proposed advantages of the log of the ratio approach, results suggest that the different score performs the best. Moreover, the five-factor solution originally posited by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1988) provides a better fit than the one-factor solution advanced by Cronin and Taylor (1992). While these findings substantiate Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berrys approach, the strength of the model fit still suggests a need for continued development of measure to effectively assess service quality.</span>

scholarly journals Las cuatro dimensiones del fenómeno religioso: propuesta para un abordaje integral / The four dimensions of the religious phenomenon: proposal for an integral approach

Numen ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catón Eduardo Carini
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Ken Wilber ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Way

RESUMEMEl artículo propone un modelo para pensar los fenómenos religiosos y las teorías científicas que sobre ellos se han construido. La primera parte expone dicho marco conceptual, basado en la obra de Ken Wilber, el cual diferencia entre cuatro dimensiones fundamentales de la vida humana. La segunda parte rastrea la forma en que estas dimensiones se revelan en la esfera religiosa y analiza cómo han dado origen a cuatro tradiciones de investigación en las ciencias de la religión. Finalmente, la tercera parte explora la forma de superar reduccionismos y propone una serie de ideas con respecto a los roles que juegan las representaciones sagradas en múltiples dimensiones de la vida.Palabras: clave: antropología- religión - teoría.ABSTRACTThe paper offers a model for thinking the religious phenomena and the scientific theories that have been built on them. The first part exposes such conceptual framework, based on the work of Ken Wilber, which differentiates four main dimensions of human life. The second, traces the way in which these dimensions are revealed in the religious sphere and analyzes how they have given birth to four research traditions in religion science. Finally, the third part explores how to overcome reductionism and suggests a series of ideas regarding the roles that sacred representations play in multiple dimensions of life.Keywords: anthropology – religion – theory.

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