scholarly journals The reproductive system of the male and oviparous female of a model organism—the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera, Aphididae)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Wieczorek ◽  
Mariusz Kanturski ◽  
Cezary Sempruch ◽  
Piotr Świątek
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Sexual Generation

The structure of the reproductive system of the sexual generation—males and oviparous females—of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera, Aphididae), a serious pest of cultivated plants of Fabaceae, was investigated. For the first time we describe the morphology, histology and ultrastructure of the reproductive system in both morphs of the sexual generation of aphids within one species, using light and fluorescent microscopy, as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that males have testes composed of three follicles fused by the upper ends of the vasa efferentia, the vasa deferentia run independently, the accessory glands are asymmetric and the ejaculatory duct shortened. Oviparous females have ovaries composed of seven ovarioles each. The lateral oviducts join to a short common oviduct connected with the unpaired spermatheca and paired accessory glands. Yolky eggs with an aggregation of symbiotic bacteria at the posterior pole are produced. Histologically, the components of genital tracts are broadly similar: the epithelial cells of the walls of the vasa deferentia and accessory glands of the male and oviparous female have secretory functions which correlate with the age of the studied morphs. We also found symbiotic bacteria within the vasa deferentia epithelial cells in males and within the cells of the lateral oviducts of females. Because the pea aphid is listed among the 14 species that are of the greatest economic importance, our results will be useful for managing aphid populations, protecting plants and ensuring global food security.

scholarly journals Structure of the reproductive system of the sexual generation of the endemic Arctic species Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum and its temperate counterpart Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera, Aphididae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043-1053
Author(s):  
Karina Wieczorek ◽  
Dominik Chłond ◽  
Łukasz Junkiert ◽  
Piotr Świątek
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Accessory Glands

Abstract The Arctic aphids live briefly and must breed quickly to survive. Shortened life cycle, with only two generations: the stem mother and sexuales—oviparous females and males is an adaptation for optimal use of the short breeding period, which lasts from late July to the end of August. Using Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum, an endemic High Arctic aphid species, we describe the structure of the reproductive system of sexual morphs and compare with its temperate counterparts, in particular the model organism the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Generally, the histological composition and ultrastructure of reproductive system of sexuales of A. svalbardicum is broadly similar to the reproductive systems described already in other species of aphids. The unique characters include in both oviparous females and males an enormous layer of the fat body, adhering to the structures of the internal reproductive system. The greatly enlarged accessory glands of males accumulate a heterogenous secretion composed of irregularly organized bunches of spicule-like structures of high electron density embedded in fine and coarse granular material. This material, unknown among temperate counterparts of A. svalbardicum, during mating is transported from the accessory glands of the male to its ejaculatory duct, where it is mixed with the ejaculate, and then is transferred to the spermatheca of the oviparous female.

scholarly journals The aphid BCR4 structure and activity uncover a new defensin peptide superfamily

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Loth ◽  
Nicolas Parisot ◽  
Francoise Paquet ◽  
Catherine Sivignon ◽  
Isabelle Rahioui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
New Class ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Nymphal Growth ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Potential Use

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) are among the most injuring insects for agricultural plants and their management is a great challenge in agronomical research. A new class of proteins, called Bacteriocyte-specific Cysteine-Rich (BCR), provides an alternative to chemical insecticides for pest control. BCRs have been initially identified in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. They are small disulfide bond-rich proteins expressed exclusively in aphid bacteriocytes, the insect derived cells that host intracellular symbiotic bacteria. Here, we show that one out of the A. pisum BCRs, BCR4, displays an outstanding insecticidal activity against the pea aphid, impairing insect survival and nymphal growth, providing evidence for its potential use as a new biopesticides. Our comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis indicate that BCRs seem restricted to the aphid lineage. The 3D structure of the BCR4 reveals that this peptide belongs to a yet unknown structural class of peptides and defines a new superfamily of defensins.

scholarly journals Infection Dynamic of Symbiotic Bacteria in the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Gut and Host Immune Response at the Early Steps in the Infection Process

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0122099 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Renoz ◽  
Christine Noël ◽  
Abdelmounaim Errachid ◽  
Vincent Foray ◽  
Thierry Hance
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Infection Dynamic

scholarly journals Evidence for specificity in symbiont-conferred protection against parasitoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1811) ◽  
pp. 20150977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa H. C. McLean ◽  
H. Charles J. Godfray
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa

Many insects harbour facultative symbiotic bacteria, some of which have been shown to provide resistance against natural enemies. One of the best-known protective symbionts is Hamiltonella defensa , which in pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) confers resistance against attack by parasitoid wasps in the genus Aphidius (Braconidae). We asked (i) whether this symbiont also confers protection against a phylogenetically distant group of parasitoids (Aphelinidae) and (ii) whether there are consistent differences in the effects of bacteria found in pea aphid biotypes adapted to different host plants. We found that some H. defensa strains do provide protection against an aphelinid parasitoid Aphelinus abdominalis. Hamiltonella defensa from the Lotus biotype provided high resistance to A. abdominalis and moderate to low resistance to Aphidius ervi , while the reverse was seen from Medicago biotype isolates. Aphids from Ononis showed no evidence of symbiont-mediated protection against either wasp species and were relatively vulnerable to both. Our results may reflect the different selection pressures exerted by the parasitoid community on aphids feeding on different host plants, and could help explain the maintenance of genetic diversity in bacterial symbionts.

POSTEMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS OF THE PRAIRIE GRAIN WIREWORM, CTENICERA AERIPENNIS DESTRUCTOR (BROWN) (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Y. Zachakuk
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Female Larva ◽  
Mesodermal Cell ◽  
Accessory Glands

In the male larva of Ctenicera aeripennis destructor (Brown), the reproductive system consists of paired mesodermal gonads situated in one of the second to fifth segments of the abdomen, an ectodermal genital capsule and paired mesodermal ampullae situated in the ninth segment of the abdomen, and a pair of mesodermal cell strands that connect the gonads to the ampullae. In the female larva, the reproductive system consists of paired mesodermal gonads situated similarly to those of the male, paired mesodermal ampullae situated at the posterior margin of the seventh segment, and a pair of mesodermal cell strands that connect the gonads to the ampullae. During the larval stage, prepupal period, and pupal stage, the gonads and cell strands of the male develop into testes and vasa deferentia, respectively, and those of the female, into ovaries and lateral oviducts, respectively. In the male, during the prepupal period and pupal stage, the ampullae develop into the paired spermatophoral and accessory glands and the seminal vesicles; the genital capsule develops into the ejaculatory duct and external genitalia. In the female, during the prepupal period and pupal stage, the ampullae develop into the common oviduct; the vagina forms from a groove in the ventral epidermis of the eighth and ninth abdominal segments; the uterus, spermatophoral receptacle, spermatheca, accessory gland, and its duct develop from invaginations in the vaginal groove in the eighth abdominal segment; the external genitalia develop from ridges on the sternal epidermis of the ninth abdominal segment.

scholarly journals Comparative aspects of the internal reproductive system of males in species of Melolonthinae, Dynastinae, and Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Imelda Martinez-M. ◽  
Sara L. Rivera-Gasperín ◽  
Hortensia Carrillo-Ruiz ◽  
Miguel A. Morón
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Internal Genitalia ◽  
Ejaculatory Bulb

The anatomy of the internal male reproductive systems of 12 species of Melolonthinae (Phyllophaga, Chlaenobia, Macrodactylus, Isonychus), six species of Dynastinae (Cyclocephala), and three species of Rutelinae (Paranomala) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) of Mexico are described. A total of 350 male specimens representing 21 species were collected. From each species, the reproductive systems were obtained by micro-dissection, placed in a liquid fixative, stained, and drawn to scale. The internal genitalia of each species was described and compared among the species examined. The reproductive system of the Melolonthinae species is comprised of two testicles, each with six follicles, two deferent ducts, two accessory glands, two glandular ducts, an ejaculatory duct, and the aedeagus (not described for any of the species examined). The number of testicular follicles per testicle is as reported in different species of other Scarabaeoidea subfamilies. The length of the accessory glands and the ejaculatory duct varies in the species studied. The ejaculatory bulb is present in all of the species of Dynastinae and Rutelinae examined but in only three species of Melolonthinae.

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