scholarly journals Improvement of subsoil physicochemical and microbial properties by short-term fallow practices

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7501
Author(s):  
Guangyu Li ◽  
Walter Timo de Vries ◽  
Cifang Wu ◽  
Hongyu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Spontaneous Vegetation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Fallow management can improve the soil nutrients in the topsoil and upper subsoil. However, little is known about the effects of short-term (one year) fallowing with different treatments, such as vegetation and fertilization, on subsoil (20–40 cm) properties. We conducted field trials to explore the changes in subsoil properties in response to such treatments in the Yellow River Delta region in China. Different vegetation and fertilization treatments were applied, and we measured the carbon and nitrogen contents, microbial biomass and microbial community structure in the subsoil. Fallowing without manure resulted in the storage of more total nitrogen (16.38%) than fallowing with manure, and meadow vegetation improved the ammonium nitrogen content (45.71%) relative to spontaneous vegetation. Spontaneous vegetation with manure improved the microbial biomass nitrogen (P < 0.05). Although the impact of short-term fallowing on microbial community structure was low, an effect of management was observed for some genera. Blastopirellula, Lysobacter, and Acidobacteria Gp6 showed significant differences among fallow treatments by the end of the year (P < 0.05). Blastopirellula abundance was related to the microbial biomass nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization rate in the subsoil. Manure retained a high abundance of Lysobacter, which may strengthen soil-borne disease resistance. The response of Acidobacteria Gp6 showed that meadow vegetation without manure may not benefit future crops. Although the treatments did not significantly improve microbial community structure in the one-year period, annual fallowing improved certain subsoil properties and increased the number of functional genera, which may enhance crop productivity in the future.

scholarly journals Microbial Response to Phytostabilization in Mining Impacted Soils Using Maize in Conjunction with Biochar and Compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2545
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Ducey ◽  
Gilbert C. Sigua ◽  
Jeffrey M. Novak ◽  
James A. Ippolito ◽  
Kurt A. Spokas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Poultry Litter Biochar ◽  
The Impact

Even after remediation, mining impacted soils can leave behind a landscape inhospitable to plant growth and containing residual heavy metals. While phytostabilization can be used to restore such sites by limiting heavy metal spread, it is reliant on soil capable of supporting plant growth. Manure-based biochars, coupled with compost, have demonstrated the ability to improve soil growth conditions in mine impacted soils, however there is a paucity of information regarding their influence on resident microbial populations. The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of these soil amendments on microbial community structure and function in mine impacted soils placed under phytostabilization management with maize. To this aim, a combination of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and enzymatic analyses were performed. Results indicate that microbial biomass is significantly increased upon addition of biochar and compost, with maximal microbial biomass achieved with 5% poultry litter biochar and compost (62.82 nmol g−1 dry soil). Microbial community structure was impacted by biochar type, rate of application, and compost addition, and influenced by pH (r2 = 0.778), EC (r2 = 0.467), and Mg soil concentrations (r2 = 0.453). In three of the four enzymes analyzed, poultry litter biochar treatments were observed with increased activity rates that were often significantly greater than the unamended control. Overall, enzyme activities rates were influenced by biochar type and rate, and addition of compost. These results suggest that using a combination of biochar and compost can be utilized as a management tool to support phytostabilization strategies in mining impacted soils.

The Impact of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Soil Microbial Community Structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3635-3639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hua Wang ◽  
Xue Gong ◽  
Jian Fei Guan ◽  
Hui Yan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reclaimed Water Irrigation

The reclaimed water treated in a Harbin recycled water plant has been taken as a target of research, by using microbial traditional culture method and tablet coated counting method, discussing the influence of the reclaimed water irrigation on soil microbial community structure through the method of short-term indoor simulated soil column irrigation. The results shows that the reclaimed water irrigation can significantly increase the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in the surface 0-20 cm layer soil, but it has little affect on 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layer soil. Microbial community structure and diversity were changed relatively with the irrigation of reclaimed water, which embodied the increase or decrease of dominant and subdominant groups, the disappearance of non-dominant groups sensitive to reclaimed water, the appear or disappear of the other part of the occasional groups.

Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota Following Changes in Training Volume Among Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad Timothy Hampton-Marcell ◽  
Tifani W. Eshoo ◽  
Marc D. Cook ◽  
Jack A. Gilbert ◽  
Craig A. Horswill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microbial Composition

AbstractExercise can influence gut microbial community structure and diversity; however, the temporal dynamics of this association have rarely been explored. Here we characterized fecal microbiota in response to short term changes in training volume. Fecal samples, body composition, and training logs were collected from Division I NCAA collegiate swimmers during peak training through their in-season taper in 2016 (n=9) and 2017 (n=7), capturing a systematic reduction in training volume near the conclusion of their athletic season. Fecal microbiota were characterized using 16S rRNA V4 amplicon sequencing and multivariate statistical analysis, Spearman rank correlations, and random forest models. Peak training volume, measured as swimming distance, decreased significantly during the study period from 32.6±4.8 km/wk to 11.3±8.1 km/wk (ANOVA, p<0.05); however, body composition showed no significant changes. Coinciding with the decrease in training volume, the microbial community structure showed a significant decrease in overall microbial diversity, a decrease in microbial community structural similarity, and a decrease in the proportion of the bacterial genera Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus. Together these data demonstrate a significant association between short-term changes in training volume and microbial composition and structure in the gut; future research will establish whether these changes are associated with energy balance or nutrient intake.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Addition Affects Soil Respiration Primarily through Changes in Microbial Community Structure and Biomass in a Subtropical Natural Forest

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiacong Zhou ◽  
Xiaofei Liu ◽  
Jinsheng Xie ◽  
Maokui Lyu ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
C Cycling ◽  
Total Plfa

Forest soil respiration plays an important role in global carbon (C) cycling. Owing to the high degree of C and nitrogen (N) cycle coupling, N deposition rates may greatly influence forest soil respiration, and possibly even global C cycling. Soil microbes play a crucial role in regulating the biosphere–atmosphere C exchange; however, how microbes respond to N addition remains uncertain. To better understand this process, the experiment was performed in the Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata Nature Reserve, in the subtropical zone of China. Treatments involved applying different levels of N (0, 40, and 80 kg ha−2 year−1) over a three-year period (January 2013–December 2015) to explore how soil physicochemical properties, respiration rate, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentration, and solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance responded to various N addition rate. Results showed that high levels of N addition significantly decreased soil respiration; however, low levels of N addition significantly increased soil respiration. High levels of N reduced soil pH and enhanced P and C co-limitation of microorganisms, leading to significant reductions in total PLFA and changes in the structure of microbial communities. Significant linear relationships were observed between annual cumulative respiration and the concentration of microbial biomass (total PLFA, gram-positive bacteria (G+), gram-negative bacteria (G−), total bacteria, and fungi) and the microbial community structure (G+: G− ratio). Taken together, increasing N deposition changed microbial community structure and suppressed microbial biomass, ultimately leading to recalcitrant C accumulation and soil C emissions decrease in subtropical forest.

scholarly journals Predation by protists influences the temperature response of microbial communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D Rocca ◽  
Andrea Yammine ◽  
Marie Simonin ◽  
Jean Gibert
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Global Carbon

Temperature strongly influences microbial community structure and function, which in turn contributes to the global carbon cycle that can fuel further warming. Recent studies suggest that biotic interactions amongst microbes may play an important role in determining the temperature responses of these communities. However, how microbial predation regulates these communities under future climates is still poorly understood. Here we assess whether predation by one of the most important bacterial consumers globally, protists, influences the temperature response of a freshwater microbial community structure and function. To do so, we exposed these microbial communities to two cosmopolitan species of protists at two different temperatures, in a month-long microcosm experiment. While microbial biomass and respiration increased with temperature due to shifts in microbial community structure, these responses changed over time and in the presence of protist predators. Protists influenced microbial biomass and function through effects on community structure, and predation actually reduced microbial respiration rate at elevated temperature. Indicator species and threshold indicator taxa analyses showed that these predation effects were mostly determined by phylum-specific bacterial responses to protist density and cell size. Our study supports previous findings that temperature is an important driver of microbial communities, but also demonstrates that predation can mediate these responses to warming, with important consequences for the global carbon cycle and future warming.

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