scholarly journals A highly diverse fungal community associated with leaves of the mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis revealed by isolation and metabarcoding analyses

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chiung Chi ◽  
Weiling Chen ◽  
Chih-Chiao He ◽  
Sheng-Yu Guo ◽  
Hyo-Jung Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
The Core ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Read Abundance ◽  
High Diversity

A high diversity of culturable foliar endophytic fungi is known from various mangrove plants, and the core taxa include species from Colletotrichum, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Phomopsis, Sporomiella, among others. Since a small fraction of fungi is able to grow in culture, this study investigated the diversity of fungi associated with leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis using both isolation and metabarcoding approaches. A total of 203 isolates were cultured from surface-sterilized leaves, representing 47 different fungal species: 30 species from the winter samples (104 isolates), and 26 species from the summer samples (99 isolates). Ascomycota was dominant in both types of leaf samples, while Basidiomycota was isolated only from the summer samples. Drechslera dematioidea (10.58%, percentage of occurrence), Colletotrichum sp. 3 (7.69%) and Alternaria sp. (7.69%) were dominant in the winter samples; Fusarium oxysporum (13.13%), Diaporthe endophytica (10.10%) and Colletotrichum sp. 1 (9.09%) in the summer samples. Overall, Corynespora cassiicola (6.90%), F. oxysporum (6.40%) and Guignardia sp. (6.40%) had the highest overall percentage of occurrence. In the metabarcoding analysis, a total of 111 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from 17 leaf samples: 96 OTUs from the winter and 70 OTUs from the summer samples. Sequences belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were detected in both samples but the former phylum was dominant over the latter. Based on read abundance, taxa having the highest percentage of occurrence included Alternaria sp. (3.46%), Cladosporium delicatulum (2.56%) and Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora (1.41%) in the winter leaves, and Aureobasidium sp. (10.72%), Cladosporium sp. (7.90%), C. delicatulum (3.45%) and Hortaea werneckii (3.21%) in the summer leaves. These latter four species also had the highest overall percentage of occurrence. Combining the results from both methods, a high diversity of fungi (at least 110 species) was found associated with leaves of A. ilicifolius var. xiamenensis. Many of the fungi identified were plant pathogens and may eventually cause diseases in the host.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and antagonistic activity evaluation of actinomycetes in barks of nine trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-sheng Wang ◽  
Hai-ke Ren ◽  
E Erihemu ◽  
Zhi-yi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Block Method ◽  
Agar Block ◽  
High Diversity

Actinomycetes are important producers of novel bioactive compounds. New sources need to be explored for isolating previously unknown bioactive compound-producing actinomycetes. Here we evaluated the potential of bark as a natural source of novel bioactive actinomycete species. Bark samples were collected from nine tree species at different elevations (1600-3400 ma.s.l.) on Qin Mountain, Shaanxi Province, China. Actinomycetes were cultivated, enumerated and isolated using serial dilution and spread-plate techniques. The antimicrobial activity of actinomycete isolates was analyzed using an agar block method against 15 typical bacterial and fungal species and plant pathogens. The dominant isolates were identified by 16S rRNA-based sequence analysis. Results showed that actinomycete counts in bark samples of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. was the highest among all trees species tested. The numbers of actinomycete species in bark samples were highest in Q. aliena var. acutiserrata and Spiraea alpina Pall. Antagonistic activity wasdetected in approximately 54% of the actinomycete isolates. Of these, 20 isolates (25%) showed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against ?5 of the microorganisms tested. In conclusion, the bark on coniferous and broadleaf trees possesses a high diversity of actinomycetes and serves as a natural source of bioactive compound-producing actinomycetes.

Wild rice controls more root endophytic fungi than cultivated rice in the F1 offsprings after the crossbreeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Xiaolong Lin ◽  
Li Ji ◽  
Jingjing Chang ◽  
Xiujun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wild Rice Species ◽  
Root Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract Background: Rice, which serves as a staple food for more than half of the world’s population, has been planted all over the world. The hybridization of wild and cultivated rice has helped rice gain resistance to variable environmental conditions. Endophytic microbiomes have been known to be transferred along with the plants. However, the endophytic bacteria or fungi for the wild and cultivated rice, and their first crossbred generation have not been illustrated until now. Results: In this study, we systematically compared the endophytic microbial community structures of Asian and African wild and cultivated rice species with their F1 offsprings. Results showed that both African and Asian wild rice controls more root endophytic fungi than cultivated rice in their first generation after crossbreeding. Furthermore, network analysis of the bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units showed that Asian and African wild rice species can cluster and have more significant correlations than cultivated rice fungal species. The core bacterial species that connected wild rice with its F1 offsprings was Acidovorax, wherea the core bacterial species that linked cultivated rice to its F1 offsprings was Bradyrhizobium; and the core fungal species that can connect in wild rice and the F1 offsprings were Pleosporales, Myrothecium and Bullera, while the core fungal species that can connect in cultivated rice was those belonging to the Dendroclathra genus.Conclusions: This study may provide the theoretical significance of the endophytic bacteria and fungi for wild and cultivated rice along with their F1 offsprings.

Endophytic Fungal Diversity on Different Aged Bark of Medicinal Taxus Plant Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-549
Author(s):  
Xiaokuan Fan ◽  
Surendra Sarsaiya ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Xiwu Pan ◽  
Leilei Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Major Species

The present study investigated the endophytic biodiversity on different aged Taxus bark using highthroughput sequencing. Fungi from the five Taxus species, including Taxus yunnanensis, T. media, T. chinensis, and two unidentified Taxus species I and II, were identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer sequence analysis. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were 141, 114, 98, 67 and 36, respectively, while the genera numbers were 22, 14, 16, 9 and 10 from the species distribution data, respectively. The dominant fungal genera were Mycena (94.33%), Phageophora (43.97%) and Paraconiothyrium (34.02%), followed by Pestalotiopsis (1.58%) and Strelitziana (1.15%). Rankabundance curve and diversity index suggested that the major species from the bark of T. yunnanensis (YN) was endophytic fungi, whereas fungal species from the bark of unidentified Taxus species II (HDS 50) were quite rare. Furthermore, tree age notably influenced the bark endophytic fungal biodiversity.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Change on Grassland Biodiversity and Productivity

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Gianni Bellocchi ◽  
Catherine Picon-Cochard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Low Input ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Grassland Biodiversity ◽  
High Diversity

Associated with livestock farming, grasslands with a high diversity of plant species are at the core of low-input fodder production worldwide [...]

scholarly journals Double Gamers—Can Modified Natural Regulators of Higher Plants Act as Antagonists against Phytopathogens? The Case of Jasmonic Acid Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8681
Author(s):  
Nicolò Orsoni ◽  
Francesca Degola ◽  
Luca Nerva ◽  
Franco Bisceglie ◽  
Giorgio Spadola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Horticultural Crops

As key players in biotic stress response of plants, jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives cover a specific and prominent role in pathogens-mediated signaling and hence are promising candidates for a sustainable management of phytopathogenic fungi. Recently, JA directed antimicrobial effects on plant pathogens has been suggested, supporting the theory of oxylipins as double gamers in plant-pathogen interaction. Based on these premises, six derivatives (dihydrojasmone and cis-jasmone, two thiosemicarbazonic derivatives and their corresponding complexes with copper) have been evaluated against 13 fungal species affecting various economically important herbaceous and woody crops, such as cereals, grapes and horticultural crops: Phaeoacremonium minimum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Fusarium poae, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae,F. sporotrichioides, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotinia spp. and Verticillium dahliae. The biological activity of these compounds was assessed in terms of growth inhibition and, for the two mycotoxigenic species A. flavus and F. sporotrichioides, also in terms of toxin containment. As expected, the inhibitory effect of molecules greatly varied amongst both genera and species; cis-jasmone thiosemicarbazone in particular has shown the wider range of effectiveness. However, our results show that thiosemicarbazones derivatives are more effective than the parent ketones in limiting fungal growth and mycotoxins production, supporting possible applications for the control of pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals High Diversity of Magnetotactic Deltaproteobacteria in a Freshwater Niche

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 2813-2817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinzhao Wang ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Jinhua Li ◽  
Yongxin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetotactic Bacteria ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Freshwater Site ◽  
High Diversity

ABSTRACTKnowledge of the diversity of magnetotactic bacteria in natural environments is crucial for understanding their contribution to various biological and geological processes. Here we report a high diversity of magnetotactic bacteria in a freshwater site. Ten out of 18 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were affiliated with theDeltaproteobacteria. Some rod-shaped bacteria simultaneously synthesized greigite and magnetite magnetosomes.

scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Identification, and Mycotoxin Production of Aspergillus Species Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Sugarcane in the South of Iran

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Tavakol Noorabadi ◽  
Valiollah Babaeizad ◽  
Rasoul Zare ◽  
Bita Asgari ◽  
Miriam Haidukowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Aspergillus Tubingensis ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
The South ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Aspergillus Section

Knowledge of the genetic diversity detected among fungal species belonging to the genus Aspergillus is of key importance for explaining their important ecological role in the environment and agriculture. The current study aimed to identify Aspergillus species occurring in the rhizosphere of sugarcane in the South of Iran, and to investigate their mycotoxin profiles. One-hundred and twenty-five Aspergillus strains were isolated from the soil of eight major sugarcane-producing sites, and were molecularly identified using sequences of partial -tubulin (benA) and partial calmodulin (CaM) genes. Our molecular and phylogenetic results showed that around 70% of strains belonged to the Aspergillus section Nigri, and around 25% of species belonged to the Aspergillus section Terrei. Species belonging to both sections are able to produce different mycotoxins. The production of mycotoxins was measured for each species, according to their known mycotoxin profile: patulin (PAT) and sterigmatocystin (STG) for Aspergillus terreus; ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins for Aspergillus welwitschiae; and OTA alone for Aspergillus tubingensis. The data showed that the production of OTA was detected in only 4 out of 10 strains of A. welwitschiae, while none of the A. tubingensis strains analyzed produced the mycotoxin. Fumonisins were produced by 8 out of 10 strains of A. welwitschiae. Finally, none of the 23 strains of A. terreus produced STG, while 13 of them produced PAT. The occurrence of such mycotoxigenic plant pathogens among the fungal community occurring in soil of sugarcane fields may represent a significant source of inoculum for the possible colonization of sugarcane plants, since the early stages of plant growth, due to the mycotoxin production capability, could have worrisome implications in terms of both the safety and loss of products at harvest.

scholarly journals Seasonal Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mangroves of Goa, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D’Souza ◽  
Bernard Felinov Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Mangrove Plant

Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community composition in three common mangrove plant species, namely, Acanthus ilicifolius, Excoecaria agallocha, and Rhizophora mucronata, from two sites in Goa, India, were investigated. In all three species variation in AM fungal spore density was observed. Maximum spore density and AM species richness were recorded in the premonsoon season, while minimum spore density and richness were observed during monsoon season at both sites. A total of 11 AM fungal species representing five genera were recorded. Acaulospora laevis was recorded in all seasons at both sites. Multivariate analysis revealed that season and host coaffected AM spore density and species richness with the former having greater influence than the latter.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of phylloplane and endophytic fungi from Sapindus mukorossi

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Varpe
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Level

Phylloplane biodiversity and endophytic fungi is considered one of the rich origins of novel biological activity compounds and high-level structural variation on the leaf surface. Plant leaves surface is a diverse terrestrial ecosystem, including filamentous fungi. This study aims to study the isolation and enumeration of Sapindus mukorossi phylloplane and endophytic fungal diversity. The Sapindus mukorossi isolated 14 fungal species from 9 genera of phylloplane and endophytic fungi. Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium expansum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sp., Alternaria alternate, Collectotrichum orbiculare, Torulla herbarium, Epicoccum nigrum and Candida sp. as a phylloplane fungi. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Epicoccum nigrum. Penicillum digitatum, Penicillum sp. were identified as endophytic fungi.

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