scholarly journals Fine-root traits of allelopathic rice at the seedling stage and their relationship with allelopathic potential

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Shunxian Lin ◽  
Qingxu Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Wenwen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

Background Allelopathic rice releases allelochemicals through its root systems, thereby exerting a negative effect on paddy weeds. This research aimed to evaluate the relationship between fine-root traits and the rice allelopathic potential at the seedling stage. Methods Two allelopathic rice cultivars, ‘PI312777’ and ‘Taichung Native1,’ and one non-allelopathic rice cultivar, ‘Lemont,’ were grown to the 3–6 leaf stage in a hydroponic system. Their fine roots were collected for morphological trait (root length, root surface area, root volume, and root tips number) in smaller diameter cutoffs and proliferative trait (root biomass) analysis. Their root-exudates were used for quantitative analysis of phenolic acids contents and an evaluation of allelopathic potential. Correlation analysis was also used to assess whether any linear relationships existed. Results Our results showed that allelopathic rice cultivars had significantly higher fine-root length having diameters <0.2 mm, more root tips number, and greater root biomass, coupled with higher allelopathic potential and phenolic acid contents of their root exudates, comparing with non-allelopathic rice cultivar. These fine-root traits were significantly-positively correlated to allelopathic inhibition and total phenolic contents in rice root-exudates. However, there were not significant correlations among the rice allelopathic potential and total phenolic acid contents of rice root-exudates with the root length, root surface area, and root volume of fine root in diameter >0.2 mm. Discussion Our results implied that fine-root traits appears to be important in understanding rice allelopathy at the seedling stage. The high allelopathic potential of rice cultivars might be attributed to their higher length of fine roots <0.2 mm in diameter and more number of root tips of fine root, which could accumulate and release more allelochemicals to solutions, thereby resulting in high inhibition on target plants. The mechanisms regulating this process need to be further studied.

scholarly journals Functional Trait Responses to Strip Clearcutting in a Moso Bamboo Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Yaxiong Zheng ◽  
Fengying Guan ◽  
Shaohui Fan ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Xiong Jing
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Functional Features

Functional characteristics reflect plant strategies and adaptability to the changing environment. Determining the dynamics of these characteristics after harvesting would improve the understanding of forest response strategies. Strip clearcutting (SC) of moso bamboo forests, which significantly reduces the cutting cost, has been proposed to replace manual selective harvesting. A comparison of restoration features shows that 8 m is the optimal cutting width. However, the precise response of functional features to the resulting harvest-created gap remains unclear. In this study, three SC plots were selected which was performed in February 2019, with three unharvested plots as a control (C). The study focused on 10 functional traits, including leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf phosphorus content (LPC), nitrogen/phosphorus ratio (N:P), wood density (WD), fine root biomass (FRB), specific fine root length (SRL), and root length density (RLD). A one-way ANOVA was used to compare differences in functional traits and soil nutrients between treatments. Strip clearcutting significantly reduced the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents (p < 0.05). In terms of functional characteristics, SC significantly decreased LA and increased LNC, LPC, and N:P (p < 0.05). However, SC had no significant effect on fine root traits (p > 0.05). This study highlighted that root trait, soil content of total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) returned to the level of uncut plots after a year’s recovery. The LPC, LNC, and N:P were negatively correlated with LA, and LDMC and WD were negatively correlated with SLA, while the effect of SC on fine root traits was limited (p > 0.05). Fine root traits (FRB, RLD, and SRL) were positively associated with SOC, TN, and TP, but negatively correlated with TK. The changes in soil nutrient content caused by the removal of biomass were normal. Increased light and the rapid growth of new trees will increase nutrient regressions; therefore, these results further confirm the feasibility of SC.

scholarly journals QTL mapping of root traits in wheat under different phosphorus levels using hydroponic culture

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjiao Yang ◽  
Cairong Wang ◽  
Muhammad Adeel Hassan ◽  
Faji Li ◽  
Xianchun Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Phenotypic Effect

Abstract Background Phosphorus (P) is an important in ensuring plant morphogenesis and grain quality, therefore an efficient root system is crucial for P-uptake. Identification of useful loci for root morphological and P uptake related traits at seedling stage is important for wheat breeding. The aims of this study were to evaluate phenotypic diversity of Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 derived doubled haploid (DH) population for root system architecture (RSA) and biomass related traits (BRT) in different P treatments at seedling stage using hydroponic culture, and to identify QTL using 660 K SNP array based high-density genetic map. Results All traits showed significant variations among the DH lines with high heritabilities (0.76 to 0.91) and high correlations (r = 0.59 to 0.98) among all traits. Inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) identified 34 QTL with 4.64–20.41% of the phenotypic variances individually, and the log of odds (LOD) values ranging from 2.59 to 10.43. Seven QTL clusters (C1 to C7) were mapped on chromosomes 3DL, 4BS, 4DS, 6BL, 7AS, 7AL and 7BL, cluster C5 on chromosome 7AS (AX-109955164 - AX-109445593) with pleiotropic effect played key role in modulating root length (RL), root tips number (RTN) and root surface area (ROSA) under low P condition, with the favorable allele from Zhongmai 895. Conclusions This study carried out an imaging pipeline-based rapid phenotyping of RSA and BRT traits in hydroponic culture. It is an efficient approach for screening of large populations under different nutrient conditions. Four QTL on chromosomes 6BL (2) and 7AL (2) identified in low P treatment showed positive additive effects contributed by Zhongmai 895, indicating that Zhongmai 895 could be used as parent for P-deficient breeding. The most stable QTL QRRS.caas-4DS for ratio of root to shoot dry weight (RRS) harbored the stable genetic region with high phenotypic effect, and QTL clusters on 7A might be used for speedy selection of genotypes for P-uptake. SNPs closely linked to QTLs and clusters could be used to improve nutrient-use efficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of warming and fertilization interacting with intraspecific competition on fine root traits of Picea asperata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Dan Li ◽  
Hong-Wei Nan ◽  
Chun-Zhang Zhao ◽  
Chun-Ying Yin ◽  
Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Picea Asperata

Abstract Aims Competition, temperature, and nutrient are the most important determinants of tree growth in the cold climate on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Although many studies have reported their individual effects on tree growth, little is known about how the interactions of competition with fertilization and temperature affect root growth. We aim to test whether climate warming and fertilization promote competition and to explore the functional strategies of Picea asperata in response to the interactions of these factors. Methods We conducted a paired experiment including competition and non-competition treatments under elevated temperature (ET) and fertilization. We measured root traits, including the root tip number over the root surface (RTRS), the root branching events over the root surface (RBRS), the specific root length (SRL), the specific root area (SRA), the total fine root length and area (RL and RA), the root tips (RT) and root branching events (RB). These root traits are considered to be indicators of plant resource uptake capacity and root growth. The root biomass and the nutrient concentrations in the roots were also determined. Important Findings The results indicated that ET, fertilization and competition individually enhanced the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) concentrations in fine roots, but they did not affect fine root biomass or root traits, including RL, RT, RA and RB. However, both temperature and fertilization, as well as their interaction, interacting with competition increased RL, RA, RT, RB, and nutrient uptake. In addition, the SRL, SRA, RTRS and RBRS decreased under fertilization, the interaction between temperature and competition decreased SRL and SRA, while the other parameters were not affected by temperature or competition. These results indicate that Picea asperata maintains a conservative nutrient strategy in response to competition, climate warming, fertilization, and their interactions. Our results improve our understanding of the physiological and ecological adaptability of trees to global change.

scholarly journals Determination of root properties of saplings belong to two boxwood species (Buxus sempervirens and Buxus balearica) by image processing technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Ömer Sarı
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
Second Year

The study was carried out to determine the root architectural characteristics of the one-year saplings of two species of boxwood (Buxus sempervirens L. and Buxus balearica Lam.), which are endangered and natural plants of Turkey, in the greenhouse environment using the WinRhizo root analysis program and scanner. Total root length (cm), root surface area (cm2), root volume (cm3), average root diameter (mm), number of tips, number of forks and number of root crossings were determined in the study. According to the results of the study, the increase in temperature and decrease in humidity values in the second year of both species were effective on the root architectural features. As a result of this effect, the second year root length (3810 cm), number of root tips (2299), number of forks (7007) and number of root crossings (696) increased, root diameter (1.4 mm), root surface area (2158 cm2) and root volume (8 cm3) decreased. As a result, it has been concluded that species can make changes in their root parameters to adapt to different conditions and their adaptability is high. In general, the best results in root architectural parameters were obtained from Buxus balearica on the basis of species.

scholarly journals Genetic variation for root architectural traits in response to phosphorus deficiency in mungbean at the seedling stage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Ravi Prakash Reddy ◽  
M. Aski ◽  
G.P. Mishra ◽  
H.K. Dikshit ◽  
Akanksha Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Architectural Traits

AbstractRoots enable the plant to survive in natural environment by providing anchorage and acquisition of water and nutrients. In this study, 153 mungbean genotypes were studied to compare root architectural traits under normal and low phosphorus conditions. Significant variations, medium to high heritability, near normal distribution and significant correlations were observed for studied root traits. Total root length (TRL) was positively correlated with total surface area (TSA), total root volume (TRV), total root tips (TRT) and root forks. The first two principal components explained the 79.19 % and 78.84% of the total variation under normal and low phosphorus conditions. TRL, TSA and TRV were major contributors of variation and can be utilized for screening of phosphorus uptake efficiency at seedling stage. Released Indian mungbean varieties were found to be superior for root traits than other genotypic groups. Based on comprehensive phosphorus efficiency measurement, IPM-288, TM 96-25, TM 96-2, M 1477, PUSA 1342 were found to be best five highly efficient genotypes whereas M 1131, PS-16, Pusa Vishal, M 831, IC 325828 were highly inefficient genotypes. These identified highly efficient lines are valuable genetic resources for phosphorus uptake efficiency that could be used in mungbean breeding programme.

scholarly journals Lateral Root Traits of Taxodium Hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ in Response to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-551
Author(s):  
Qin Shi ◽  
Yunlong Yin ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Wencai Fan ◽  
Jinbo Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Surface Area

Roots are vital organs for resource uptake. However, the knowledge regarding the extent by which responses in roots influence plant resistance is still poorly known. In this study, we examined the morphological and physiological responses of lateral roots of Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (Taxodium mucronatum♀ and Taxodium distichum♂, T. 406) to 8 (DS-8) and 12 days (DS-12) drought. Control plants (CK-8 and CK-12) were well-watered throughout the experiment. Results indicated that drought resulted in significantly decreased root length, surface area, volume, and biomass and a relatively high death rate of roots (>2 mm). Specific root length (SRL) and specific root surface area (SRA) of drought-stressed T. 406 plants were reduced to enhance resource uptake. Meanwhile, root relative water content (RWC) of T. 406 plants in CK-12 treatment was 5.81 times of those in DS-12 treatment. Under drought stress and root superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid (ASA) activities, proline and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents consistently increased to benefit the elimination of O2−. At the ultrastructural level, the organelle structure of T. 406 plant root tip was visibly damaged because of dehydration. The nucleus swelled and then exhibited uncommon features of disorganization and disruption. In short, our results provided substantial information about lateral root traits of T. 406 plants in response to drought stress, which is crucial to improve the drought resistance of Taxodium hybrid in the future breeding.

scholarly journals QTL mapping of root traits in wheat under different phosphorus levels using hydroponic culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjiao Yang ◽  
Cairong Wang ◽  
Muhammad Adeel Hassan ◽  
Faji Li ◽  
Xianchun Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Phenotypic Effect

Abstract Background: Phosphorus (P) is an important in ensuring plant morphogenesis and grain quality, therefore an efficient root system is crucial for P-uptake. Identification of useful loci for root morphological and P uptake related traits at seedling stage is important for wheat breeding. The aims of this study were to evaluate phenotypic diversity of Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 derived doubled haploid (DH) population for root system architecture (RSA) and biomass related traits (BRT) in different P treatments at seedling stage using hydroponic culture, and to identify QTL using 660K SNP array based high-density genetic map.Results: All traits showed significant variations among the DH lines with high heritabilities (0.76 to 0.91) and high correlations (r =0.59 to 0.98) among all traits. Inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) identified 34 QTL with 4.64–20.41% of the phenotypic variances individually, and the log of odds (LOD) values ranging from 2.59 to 10.43. Seven QTL clusters (C1 to C7) were mapped on chromosomes 3DL, 4BS, 4DS, 6BL, 7AS, 7AL and 7BL, cluster C5 on chromosome 7AS (AX-109955164 - AX-109445593) with pleiotropic effect played key role in modulating root length (RL), root tips number (RTN) and root surface area (ROSA) under low P condition, with the favorable allele from Zhongmai 895. Conclusions: This study carried out an imaging pipeline-based rapid phenotyping of RSA and BRT traits in hydroponic culture. It is an efficient approach for screening of large populations under different nutrient conditions. Four QTL on chromosomes 6BL (2) and 7AL (2) identified in low P treatment showed positive additive effects contributed by Zhongmai 895, indicating that Zhongmai 895 could be used as parent for P-deficient breeding. The most stable QTL QRRS.caas-4DS for ratio of root to shoot dry weight (RRS) harbored the stable genetic region with high phenotypic effect, and QTL clusters on 7A might be used for speedy selection of genotypes for P-uptake. SNPs closely linked to QTLs and clusters could be used to improve nutrient-use efficiency.

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