scholarly journals Effects of stream grazers with different functional traits on the spatial heterogeneity of periphyton mats

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6747
Author(s):  
Izumi Katano ◽  
Hideyuki Doi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Stream Periphyton ◽  
Mobility Behavior ◽  
Primary Consumers ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Nara Prefecture

Background Grazing activity on periphytic mats determines mat structure and spatial heterogeneity. Spatial complexity in stream periphyton is highly divergent and may depend on the functional traits of the different primary consumers species (i.e., grazers) such as mouthpart morphology, feeding behavior, and feeding activity. We evaluated the effect of grazing by three species having different functional traits on periphytic mat structure with a focus on mohthpart morphology. Methods An enclosure experiment was conducted in a stream located in the Nara Prefecture of Japan using two caddisflies with scraping mouthparts, Micrasema quadriloba and Glossosoma, and one mayfly, Epeorus, with brushing mouthparts. The spatial heterogeneity of chlorophyll a(Chl a) was evaluated, and the periphytic mat was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after a 12-d feeding experiment. Results Our results showed the differences in the spatial heterogeneity of the periphytic mats, such as differences in Chl a levels, grazed by the different grazing species. The strongest effect on the spatial heterogeneity and periphytic abundance was observed for Micrasema quadriloba, a caddisfly species with scraping mouthparts. Epeorus mayfly, with brushing mouthparts and high-mobility behavior, produced the weakest effect on spatial heterogeneity. Glossosoma caddisflies had moderate effects on periphytic spatial heterogeneity and abundance. Our results suggest that differences in grazing effects are largely dependent on grazer mouthparts and behavior.

scholarly journals Can Psychological Traits Explain Mobility Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062095257
Author(s):  
Ho Fai Chan ◽  
Jordan W. Moon ◽  
David A. Savage ◽  
Ahmed Skali ◽  
Benno Torgler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mobility Behavior ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior

The current COVID-19 pandemic is a global, exogenous shock, impacting individuals’ decision making and behavior allowing researchers to test theories of personality by exploring how traits, in conjunction with individual and societal differences, affect compliance and cooperation. Study 1 used Google mobility data and nation-level personality data from 31 countries, both before and after region-specific legislative interventions, finding that agreeable nations are most consistently compliant with mobility restrictions. Study 2 ( N = 105,857) replicated these findings using individual-level data, showing that several personality traits predict sheltering in place behavior, but extraverts are especially likely to remain mobile. Overall, our analyses reveal robust relationships between traits and regulatory compliance (mobility behavior), both before and after region-specific legislative interventions, and the global declaration of the pandemic. Further, we find significant effects on reasons for leaving home, as well as age and gender differences, particularly relating to female agreeableness for previous and future social mobility behaviors. These sex differences, however, are only visible for those living in households with two or more people, suggesting that such findings may be driven by division of labor.

scholarly journals Pola Aktivitas Harian Tangkasi (Tarsius spectrum) Di Taman Marga Satwa Naemundung Kota Bitung

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Orpa Smarce Fransina Manori ◽  
Edwin De Queljoe ◽  
Saroyo . ◽  
Parluhutan Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Instantaneous Sampling ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns ◽  
Tarsius Spectrum

Tangkasi (Tarsius spectrum) adalah primata primitif dari Famili Tarsidae dan merupakan primata endemik di Sulawesi. Tangkasi memiliki tubuh kecil, mempunyai mata bulat besar, dapat melompat dan dapat membalik 180˚. Karena keunikan yang dimiliki hewan ini menjadikannya disukai banyak orang sehingga diburu, diperdagangkan secara illegal dan dijadikan sebagai hewan peliharaan. Padahal tangkasi (T. spectrum) dilindungi, termasuk kategori rentan (Vulnerable) dan tercantum dalam CITES Appendix II. Tangkasi yang telah dikandangkan akan mengalami  perubahan perilaku dibanding yang ada di alam. Penelitian aktivitas harian tangkasi yang ada di dalam kandang belum pernah dilakukan di Sulawesi Utara, oleh karena itu, maka penelitian ini perlu dilakukan. Penelitian yang menganalisis aktivitas harian dan tingkah laku tangkasi (T. spectrum) di dalam kandang khususnya dilihat dari aktivitas makan, mencari makan, beristirahat, berpindah, dan aktivitas sosial. Metode pengambilan data secara Instantaneous sampling. Hasil pengamatan terhadap pola aktivitas harian di kandang yaitu : makan (1,5%), mencari makan (8,5%), berpindah (26,8%), instirahat (57,5%), dan sosial (5,5%). Aktivitas tertinggi adalah istirahat, diikuti dengan aktivitas berpindah, kemudian mencari makan, sosial dan yang terendah adalah aktivitas makan.Tangkasi (Tarsius spectrum) is a primitive primate from Family Tarsidae and a  endemic primate in Sulawesi. Tangkasi have a small body, and ayeball, they can jump and their can head flipped until 180˚. Tangkasi already caged will experience a change in behavior campared to the wild. Many  people hunt, trade illegally and use it as pet because of the uniqueness of this species.  Even though tangkasi (T. spectrum) is protected, included in vulnerable category and listed in CITES Appendix II. Research on daily activity of tangkasi in the cage has never been done in North Sulawesi, therefore, this research needs to be done. Studies analyzing daily activities and behavior tangkasi (T. spectrum) in the cage in terms of the activity of eating, foraging, resting, moving, and social activities. Data were collected by using Instantaneous sampling method. The observation of the daily activity patterns in the cage namely: eating (1.5%), foraging (8.5%), moving (26.8%), resting (57.5%), and social (5.5%) . The highest activity is resting, followed by moving activity, foraging, social and respectively the lowest is feeding activity.

scholarly journals Lifestyles and Cycling Behavior—Data from a Cross-Sectional Study

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loidl ◽  
Werner ◽  
Heym ◽  
Kofler ◽  
Innerebner
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Mobility Behavior ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
And Behavior

Cycling experiences a remarkable renaissance as an everyday mode of transport and in an increasing number of cities, cycling substantially contributes to the overall traffic. However, cyclists are not a homogeneous group of road users, but very diverse in terms of behavior, motivators, and deterrents. In order to gain better insights into driving forces and behavior patterns of cyclists, we conducted an opt-in online survey, in which socio-demographic, lifestyle, and mobility behavior data were collected. In total, 1234 responses with a completion rate of 87% (1073 complete survey) were collected between 3 May and 3 June 2019. With reference to complete responses, the gender ratio is balanced (53% female) and the mean age is 42 (σ = 12.75). A relative majority of participants cycles frequently. The fully anonymized dataset contains 107 data points per response, including survey metadata.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS HARIAN RUSA TIMOR (Cervus timorensis) DI TAMAN MARGA SATWA TANDURUSA AERTEMBAGA, BITUNG-SULAWESI UTARA

ZOOTEC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Risal Bunga ◽  
Martha M. H. Kawatu ◽  
R. S.H. Wungow ◽  
Joice J. I. Rompas
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Rest Activity

TIMOR DEER'S DAILY ACTIVITY (Cervus timorensis) AT THE AERTEMBAGA TANDURUSA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, BITUNG-NORTH SULAWESI. This study aims to describe the daily activities and behavior of Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) at the Tandurusa Wildlife Sanctuary in Aertembaga, Bitung City, North Sulawesi Province. This research was expected to provide information for the community and related agencies about the behavior in supporting the captive breeding business. This study used observation methods requiring direct observation of the field and using techniques Instantinous Animal Sampling. Observations were made 14 repetitions by observing daily activity in 1 minute intervals (60 seconds) on each data retrieval. The results of this study showed the daily feeding activity of Cervus timorensis with a percentage of 17.01% used 32.86 minutes in the morning and 37.86 minutes at noon and 51.79 minutes in the afternoon. The Cervus timorensis’ daily activity was dominated by rest activity with a percentage of 57.52% of total daily activity, divided in 143.57 minutes in the morning, 141.92 minutes at noon and 128.64 minutes in the afternoon. Social activity with a percentage of 18.31% of total spent time, divided in 46.78 minutes spent in the morning 44.5 minutes spent at noon and 40.57 minutes spent in the afternoon. Locomosi activity with a percentage of 7.15% of all time, divided into 16.78 minutes used in the morning 15.71 minutes used in the afternoon and 19 minutes used in the afternoon.Keywords: Daily activity, Timor deer, Tandurusa Wildlife Sanctuary, North Sulawesi

scholarly journals From Cafe to the Mosque: the Construction of Dakwah Digital Communication of Shift Community

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Adelia Octaviani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Cultural Representation ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
And Behavior

Keberhasilan dakwah sangat ditentukan oleh strategi yang dipilih oleh da’i. Dakwah aktual dan kontekstual merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dipilih agar pesan efektif mempengaruhi kesadaran dan perilaku masyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkonstruksi strategi dakwah digital dalam konteks generasi milenial. Melalui pendekatan antropologi digital, artikel ini mengeksplorasi salah satu aktifitas yaitu komunitas Shift yang dipimpinan Hanan Attaki dimana ia melakukan dakwah digital dengan sasaran utama generasi milenial. Dalam studi ini ditelusuri beberapa media sosial yang sering digunakan oleh Hanan Attaki, yaitu Youtube dan Instagram. Studi ini menunjukkan terdapat sejumlah model komunikasi yang bisa dibangun melalui dakwah digital yang menjangkau sasaran dakwah baru yaitu komunitas milenial. Aktualitas tema dakwah dan kontekstual dakwah yang relevan dengan karakteristik generasi milenial yaitu IT minded dan memiliki mobilitas yang tinggi sehingga membentuk moda komunikasi dakwah yang berciri representasi budaya sebagai penentu efektivitas dalam menjangkau kesadaran dan perilaku sasaran dakwah.The success of da'wah is largely determined by the strategy chosen by the Islamic preacher. Actual and contextual da'wah is one of ways that can be chosen by Islamic preacher so that messages can effectively influence people's awareness and behavior. The aim of this study is to construct a digital da'wah strategy in the context of the millennial generation. Through a digital anthropological approach, this study explores one of the activities, namely the Shift community led by Hanan Attaki where he conducts digital da'wah with the main target of the millennial generation. In this study, several social media are often used by Hanan Attaki, namely Youtube and Instagram. This study shows that there are a number of communication models that can be built through digital da'wah that reach new da'wah targets, namely the millennial community. The actuality of the da'wah theme and contextual da'wah that is relevant to the characteristics of the millennial generation, namely IT minded and it has high mobility and make a form of da'wah communication which characterized by cultural representation as a determinant of effectiveness in reaching awareness and behavior of da'wah targets.

scholarly journals Mediterranean nekton traits: distribution, relationships and significance for marine ecology monitoring and management

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Tzanatos ◽  
Catherine Moukas ◽  
Martha Koutsidi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Inference Tests

Biological traits are increasingly used in order to study aspects of ecology as they are related to the organisms’ fitness. Here we analyze a dataset of 23 traits regarding the life cycle, distribution, ecology and behavior of 235 nektonic species of the Mediterranean Sea in order to evaluate the distribution of traits, identify rare ones, detect relationships between trait pairs and identify species functional groups. Trait relationships were tested using correlation and non-linear regression for continuous traits, parametric and non-parametric inference tests for pairs of continuous-categorical traits and cooccurrence testing for categorical traits. The findings have significant implications concerning the potential effects of climate change (e.g., through the relationships of the trait of optimal temperature), fisheries or habitat loss (from the relationships of traits related to tolerance ranges). Furthermore, some unexpected relationships are documented, like the inversely proportional relationship between longevity and age at maturity as a percentage of life span. Associations between functional traits show affinities derived from phylogenetic constraints or life strategies; however, relationships among functional and ecological traits can indicate the potential environmental filtering that acts on functional traits. In total, 18 functional groups were identified by Hill-Smith ordination and hierarchical clustering and were characterized by their dominant traits. For the assessment of the results, we first evaluate the importance of each trait at the level of population, community, ecosystem and landscape and then propose the traits that should be monitored for the regulation and resilience of ecosystem functioning and the management of the marine ecosystems.

Diet selection and habitat use by the mountain vizcacha (Lagidium viscacia) in the Southern Andean Precordillera (Argentina)

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-335
Author(s):  
Silvia Puig ◽  
María I. Rosi ◽  
Fernando Videla ◽  
Viviana P. Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Microhistological Analysis ◽  
Lagidium Viscacia

AbstractLagidium viscacia is considered as a fragile species with patchy distribution, a strict habitat specialist and an obligatory diet specialist. The Southern Andean Precordillera constitutes an interesting environment to analyze the species’ presence across the altitudinal gradient. Diet selection and habitat use were studied in the summit plateau, characterized by rigorous conditions and vegetation representative of the Southern Puna. Pellet groups were counted in transects perpendicular to rock formations, and diet and vegetation were seasonally analyzed using microhistological analysis and point-quadrat transects. Vizcachas were strictly associated with rock formations at middle and high altitudes, with higher occurrence on the mountain summit where grasslands surrounded the rock formations. Vizcachas avoided shrubs associated with rock formations and preferred grasses on sandy soils. Phenological changes slightly affected the selective diet that involves a considerable search effort and risky feeding activity. Puna grasslands constituted attractive feeding places where L. viscacia’s activity decreased with distance from rock shelters as expected for a central-place forager. Habitat partitioning allows coexistence with Ctenomys mendocinus, despite the high dietary overlap between these central-place species. The high mobility and broad diet of Lama guanicoe reduce the competition risk. Lepus europaeus preferred shrubs and forbs, determining a discrete dietary overlap with vizcachas.

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

The parent-offspring microbiome and neurobehavioral development

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Alberts ◽  
Christopher Harshaw ◽  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Cara L. Wellman ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract We identify the significance and typical requirements of developmental analyses of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) in parents, offspring, and parent-offspring relations, which have particular importance for neurobehavioral outcomes in mammalian species, including humans. We call for a focus on behavioral measures of social-emotional function. Methodological approaches to interpreting relations between the microbiota and behavior are discussed.

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