scholarly journals A large cockroach from the mesosaur-bearingKonservat-Lagerstätte(Mangrullo Formation), Late Paleozoic of Uruguay

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Calisto ◽  
Graciela Piñeiro
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Late Carboniferous ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Wing Margin ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Strong Similarity ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Anal Area

Barona arcuata, n.gen et n.sp., a left forewing of a relatively large cockroach of the Order Blattaria, is described from mesosaur-bearing lagoonal shales of the Mangrullo Formation (north-eastern Uruguay). While most of the insect remains recovered from the Mangrullo Formation come from sandy limestones, associated to scarce isolated mesosaur bones and pygocephalomorph crustaceans, the cockroach wing here described was found in the overlaying green to brownish, gray and dark black shales associated to intercalated bentonites and evaporitic gypsum crystals.Barona arcuatashares some features with typical Late Carboniferous taxa such as its general venation pattern and outline of the wing, four main and powerful veins arising close together from near the base of the wing, Sc simple forked, pectinate, reaching the costal border through a long fork, R and M bifurcating and terminating in the wing margin above and below the apex respectively, short and narrow CuA, and the presence of a broad interspace between CuP and AA. Cross venation seems to be absent or it was not preserved. Some characters might relateBarona arcuatato the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian Neothroblattinidae such as the presence of sigmoidal veins in the anal area, a condition not found in any of the remaining representatives of the Palaeozoic Blattaria. Intriguingly, the Uruguayan blattarian also presents a strong similarity withQilianiblatta namurensisZhang, Schneider & Hong, 2012 from the Westphalian of China, clearly a smaller taxon that is also difficult to relate to any of the preexistent families. The apparent plesiomorphic venation pattern of the new species which is reminiscent of that present in the oldest known blattarians, is in agreement with a Permo-Carboniferous (Gzhelian-Asselian) age for the Mangrullo Formation also supported by the presence of a macrofloral assemblage dominated by arborescent lepidondendrids and other lycopsids and the pygocephalid-like morphology of the pygocephalomorph crustaceans from the same levels.

A new species of Sclerocephalus with a fully ossified endocranium gives insight into braincase evolution in temnospondyls

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rainer R. Schoch ◽  
Gabriela Sobral
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Character Evolution ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Top Predator ◽  
Central European ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The late Paleozoic temnospondyl Sclerocephalus formed an aquatic top predator in various central European lakes of the late Carboniferous and early Permian. Despite hundreds of specimens spanning a wide range of sizes, knowledge of the endocranium (braincase and palatoquadrate) remained very insufficient in Sclerocephalus and other stereospondylomorphs because even large skulls had unossified endocrania. A new specimen from a stratigraphically ancient deposit at St. Wendel in southwestern Germany is recognized as representing a new taxon, S. concordiae new species, and reveals a completely ossified endocranium. The sphenethmoid was completely ossified from the basisphenoid to the anterior ethmoid region, co-ossified with the parasphenoid, and the basipterygoid joint was fully established. The pterygoid bears a slender, S-shaped epipterygoid, which formed a robust pillar lateral to the braincase. The massive stapes was firmly sutured to the parasphenoid. In the temnospondyl endocranium, character evolution involved various changes in the epipterygoid region, which evolved distinct morphologies in each of the major clades. UUID: http://zoobank.org/5e6d2078-eacf-4467-84cf-a12efcae7c0b

Systematics and evolution of Paleozoic and Mesozoic damselfly-like Odonatoptera of the ‘protozygopteran’ grade

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Nel ◽  
Günter Bechly ◽  
Jakub Prokop ◽  
Olivier Béthoux ◽  
Gunther Fleck
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Late Carboniferous ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
New Family

The Paleozoic to Mesozoic grade ‘Protozygoptera’ is revised. It appears to be composed of two main lineages, namely the superfamily Permagrionoidea, and the Archizygoptera. The latter taxon forms a monophyletic group together with Panodonata (=crown-Odonata plus their closest stem-relatives). Therefore, the ‘Protozygoptera’ as previously understood is paraphyletic. Diagnostic characters of the ‘Protozygoptera’, Permagrionoidea, and Archizygoptera are re-evaluated. The Permolestidae is considered as a junior synonym of the Permagrionidae. The following new taxa are described: Permolestes sheimogorai new species, Permolestes soyanaiensis new species, Epilestes angustapterix new species, Solikamptilon pectinatus new species (all in Permagrionidae); Lodeviidae new family (for Lodevia); Luiseiidae new family (including Luiseia breviata new genus and species); Kennedya azari new species, Kennedya pritykinae new species, Kennedya ivensis new species, Progoneura grimaldii new species (all in Kennedyidae); Engellestes chekardensis new genus and species (in Bakteniidae); and Azaroneura permiana new genus and species (in Voltzialestidae). The Kaltanoneuridae and Oboraneuridae are revised. The evolution of protozygopteran Odonatoptera during the transition from the Permian to the Triassic is discussed. The larger taxa of the permagrionoid lineage apparently did not cross through the Permian–Triassic boundary, unlike the more gracile Archizygoptera. This last group shows a remarkable longevity from the late Carboniferous to the Early Cretaceous. It also presents a great taxonomic and morphological stability, with genera ranging from the Permian to the Triassic, and a wing venation pattern nearly unchanged from the late Carboniferous to the Late Triassic. The mass extinction at the end of the Permian period seemingly had a minor effect on these tiny and delicate insects.

scholarly journals Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle Dynamic in Continental Late-Carboniferous to Early Permian Basins of Eastern Pangea (Northeastern Massif Central, France)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Mercuzot ◽  
Christophe Thomazo ◽  
Johann Schnyder ◽  
Pierre Pellenard ◽  
François Baudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Late Carboniferous ◽  
Type I ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Rock Eval

Late Carboniferous to early Permian organic-rich sedimentary successions of late-orogenic continental basins from the northeastern Massif Central (France) coincide with both the Variscan mountain dismantling and the acme of the long-lasting Late Paleozoic Ice Age. Here, we investigate the carbon and nitrogen cycles in the newly dated sedimentary successions of the Decize–La Machine and Autun basins during these geodynamic and climate upheavals. The sedimentary organic matter has been analyzed through Rock-Eval pyrolysis, palynofacies and elemental and isotope geochemistry along cored-wells and outcropping sections, previously accurately defined in terms of paleo-depositional environments. Rock-Eval and palynofacies data have evidenced two origins of organic matter: a phytoplanktonic/bacterial lacustrine origin (Type I organic matter, organic δ13C values around −23.5‰), and a terrestrial origin (vascular land plants, Type III organic matter, organic δ13C values around −20‰), mixed in the deltaic-lacustrine sediments during background sedimentation (mean organic δ13C values around −22‰). Episodes of high organic matter storage, reflected by black shales and coal-bearing deposits (total organic carbon up to 20 and 70%, respectively) are also recognized in the successions, and are characterized by large negative organic carbon isotope excursions down to −29‰. We suggest that these negative isotope excursions reflect secondary processes, such as organic matter remineralization and/or secondary productivity varying under strict local controls, or possibly larger scale climate controls. At times, these negative δ13C excursions are paired with positive δ15N excursions up to +10‰, reflecting water column denitrification and anammox during lake-water stratification episodes. Together, these isotopic signals (i.e., low sedimentary organic δ13C associated with high bulk δ15N values) indicate periods of high primary productivity of surface waters, where nitrogen and carbon cycles are spatially decoupled. These local processes on the sedimentary isotope archives may partially blur our ability to directly reconstruct paleoclimate variations in such continental settings using only C and N isotopes. At last, we explore an organic δ13C-based mixing model to propose ways to disentangle autochthonous versus allochthonous origin of organic matter in lacustrine continental settings.

Late Paleozoic continental gastropods from Poland: systematic, evolutionary and paleoecological approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 938-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Stworzewicz ◽  
Joachim Szulc ◽  
Beata M. Pokryszko
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
European Part ◽  
Late Carboniferous ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Terrestrial Snails

Two taxa of the Late Carboniferous and four species of the Early Permian terrestrial snails have been found in the Late Paleozoic continental molasse sediments of the Upper Silesian-Cracow Upland (Southern Poland). Discovery of Anthracopupa ohioensis and Protodiscus priscus indicates that, besides in North America, they occurred also in the European part of the Pangea supercontinent. According to the general sedimentary facies context and the accompanying floral and faunal assemblages, the gastropods lived in swamp environments, including a topogenous fen.

The earliest and most oriental Calvertiellidae unearthed (Palaeodictyoptera; Late Carboniferous; China)

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
Ying Fu ◽  
Olivier Béthoux ◽  
Qiang Yang ◽  
Dong Ren
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Late Carboniferous ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Late

We report the discovery of a new Calvertiellidae from the Xiaheyan locality (Namurian, early Late Carboniferous; Tupo Formation; China), namely Xiaheyanella orta gen. et sp. n. Besides representing both the most ancient and the most oriental occurrences for the family, the new species exhibits a derived wing venation pattern, especially if compared to the putative palaeodictyopteran cousins of the family. This discovery shows that, by the early Late Carboniferous, many insect lineages of moderate importance (i.e., considered at the familial level or below) already had a widespread distribution, and that derived conditions already accumulated. This concurs with the view that insects had already experienced a long evolutionary history by that time, remaining to be documented.

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