scholarly journals A survey on zoo mortality over a 12-year period in Italy

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6198
Author(s):  
Frine Eleonora Scaglione ◽  
Cristina Biolatti ◽  
Paola Pregel ◽  
Enrica Berio ◽  
Francesca Tiziana Cannizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
History Of ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Post Mortem Findings

Background The zoo is a unique environment in which to study animals. Zoos have a long history of research into aspects of animal biology, even if this was not the primary purpose for which they were established. The data collected from zoo animals can have a great biological relevance and it can tell us more about what these animals are like outside the captive environment. In order to ensure the health of all captive animals, it is important to perform a post-mortem examination on all the animals that die in captivity. Methods The causes of mortality of two hundred and eighty two mammals which died between 2004 and 2015 in three different Italian zoos (a Biopark, a Safari Park and a private conservation center) have been investigated. Results Post mortem findings have been evaluated reporting the cause of death, zoo type, year and animal category. The animals frequently died from infectious diseases, in particular the causes of death in ruminants were mostly related to gastro-intestinal pathologies. pulmonary diseases were also very common in each of the zoos in the study. Moreover, death was sometimes attributable to traumas, as a result of fighting between conspecifics or during mating. Cases of genetic diseases and malformations have also been registered. Discussion This research was a confirmation of how conservation, histology and pathology are all connected through individual animals. These areas of expertise are extremely important to ensure the survival of rare and endangered species and to learn more about their morphological and physiological conditions. They are also useful to control pathologies, parasites and illnesses that can have a great impact on the species in captivity. Finally, this study underlines the importance of a close collaboration between veterinarians, zoo biologists and pathologists. Necropsy findings can help conservationists to determine how to support wild animal populations.

scholarly journals Distribution and natural history of carnivorous plants of Saskatchewan, Canada

Check List ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser Baalim ◽  
Catherine Peters ◽  
Hugo Cota-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prince Albert National Park

We provide distribution maps of carnivorous plants as well as an assessment of rarity status and potential threats to diversity of carnivorous taxa in Saskatchewan using a biodiversity informatics approach. Saskatchewan is home to ten carnivorous species ranging from the Mixed Grassland ecoregion in the southwest to the Selwyn Lake Upland ecoregion in the northeast. Several areas exhibiting high carnivorous plant diversity including rare and endangered species are: the Nesbitt Provincial Forest, the Prince Albert National Park, and the Athabasca Sand Dunes. We propose these areas as deserving conservation priority.

Pattern of Cranio-Intracranial Injuries in Fatal Vehicular Accidents in Delhi, 1966–76

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chandra ◽  
T. D. Dogra ◽  
P. C. Dikshit
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Fatal Accidents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Post Mortem Findings ◽  
Grade Iii

The present study was undertaken in the Department of Forensic Medicine of the AH India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, with the object of studying various aspects of cranio-intracranial injuries in roadside vehicular accident cases. Out of a total of 3227 medicolegal post-mortem examinations conducted, the number of accidental deaths was 2279 (70·62 per cent). Vehicular accidents (1132) comprised 49·76 per cent of the total fatal accidents and 35·5 per cent of the total post-mortems. The incidence of males involved in accidents was 71·74 per cent which was about five times more than females (15·01 per cent). Children below 12 years comprised 13·25 per cent of vehicular accident victims. The most common victim involved was the pedestrian comprising 50·7 per cent, followed by the motorcyclist (18·28 percent). The commonest age group involved in fatal vehicular accidents was between 21–40 years (521 cases, 46·01 per cent). Persons between the age group 11–20 years accounted for 13·69 per cent. Trucks were responsible for accidents in 28·09 per cent of cases, buses in 17·14 per cent and cars in 22·99 per cent; these have been found to be the most common types of vehicles causing fatal accidents. Most of the victims died on the spot (36·30 per cent). A total of 72·5 per cent of the victims died within 24 hours. All victims survived up to a maximum of only 2 weeks, except one case who survived 29 days and died of pyogenic meningitis. Head injuries were responsible for causing death in 71·99 per cent of cases. Chest injuries caused death in 6·18 per cent of cases and abdominal injuries proved fatal in 7·06 per cent of cases. Death by injury to other regions occurred in 15·54 per cent of cases. The incidence of cranio-intracranial injuries was highest in cyclists (78·93 per cent), followed by motorcyclists (72–46 per cent) and pedestrians (66·02 per cent). The number of car occupants involved in fatal accidents was 65·3 per cent. Fracture of the skull was observed in 79·87 per cent of cases; the most common bone involved was the temporal bone (58·67 per cent), followed by the occipital bone (57·75 per cent). Fractures of parietal and frontal bone were almost equal, being 50·38 per cent and 49·37 per cent respectively. The commonest variety of intracranial haemorrhage was subarachnoid haemorrhage (66·9 per cent), followed by subdural haemorrhage (58·2 per cent) and extradural haemorrhage (14·2 per cent). Extradural haemorrhage was least common (14·2 per cent). Intracerebral haemorrhage was found in 22·5 per cent of cases and brain stem haemorrhage in 10·81 per cent. The incidences of contusion and laceration of the brain were almost equal, being 23·6 per cent and 24·8 per cent respectively. Fracture of the ribs was the commonest chest injury, with contusion and laceration of the lung in 18·6 per cent of cases. Laceration of the liver was commonly found in abdominal injury in 17·2 per cent of cases. These findings have been compared with other authors. An attempt was also made in the present study to correlate the post-mortem findings and the survival time in relation to those victims who gave a history of consciousness after the accident and those where there was no history of consciousness. For convenience sake, the post-mortem lesions were divided in grades as 0, I, II, IIa, III and IIIa. The maximum number of fatal cases (46·2 per cent) belonged to grade III (fractured skull, intracranial haemorrhage and brain lesion) followed by grade II (35·1 per cent) (fracture skull and intracranial haemorrhage). No relationship was established between the post-mortem findings, the survival time and the state of consciousness or un-consciousness. The grade II and grade III lesions were common in both conscious and unconscious patients. The commonest complication observed in head injury cases was bronchopneumonia.

scholarly journals The collection of the representatives of Commelinaceae Mirb. in greenhouses of Peter the Great Botanical Garden and features of its exposition

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
M. A. Yaroslavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicinal Food ◽  
Selection Of

Collections of greenhouse plants of the Peter the Great Botanical Garden of the BIN RAS are very diverse and include more than 12500 taxa. Over the long history of the collection, certain principles of acquisition were formed: geographical, systematic, phylogenetic, environmental and morphological. For greenhouse collections, the presence of rare and endangered species, medicinal, food and economically important plants is very important. In addition to the correct approach to the selection of plants, you must also carefully consider the competent demonstration of the taxa presented. Plants that visitors can see in the exposition greenhouses should have a habit more or less corresponding to how these species look in natural conditions. In the case of blooming, decorative leaf species or cultivars, try to find an exposure option in which their decorative qualities will be presented most fully. The object of our study was representatives of Commelinaceae family. Among these plants, in addition to the well-known to us Tradescantia L. and Callisia Loefl., there are a large number of species and cultivars that are highly decorative, and there are also representatives with medicinal and environment-improving properties. The analysis of exposure options for plants of this group is carried out. The most suitable ones were selected depending on the structural features of the shoot system, and the severity of the decorative qualities of these plants. Data are provided on the results of processing cuttings of Tradescantia zebrina Bosse. retardants. These drugs should prevent the stretching of the shoots, lead to a thickening of the stem, an increase in the size of the leaf plate, more active growth of the roots. This experiment was aimed at reducing the time spent on maintaining the decorativeness of a number of species and cultivars of Commelinaceae grown in pots.

Writing the History of English Worship: The Achievement of Horton Davies

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-440
Author(s):  
James F. White
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Liturgical Studies ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
Careful Scrutiny ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World

These are days of small books and single volumes. Multi-volume sets are a rare and endangered species. The completion of Horton Davies's five-volume set on Worship and Theology In England is a major achievement in our age, and an uprecedented one in any age. Never before has the worship life of an entire people for four and one-third centuries received such a balanced and careful scrutiny. Over fifteen years of research have borne plentiful and rich fruit. This work of the Henry W. Putnam Professor of Religion at Princeton University marks an achievement in liturgical studies unequalled by living scholars in the English-speaking world.

Alcohol and Drowning—The Geelong Experience, 1957–1980

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon D. Plueckhahn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Autopsy Rate ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Mortem Findings

The resident population in the Geelong coronial district is approximately 250 000 persons and has almost doubled since 1957. The autopsy rate for all persons dying by accident is virtually 100 per cent, with specimens being taken for blood alcohol concentration on all such deaths. The ‘Geelong Experience’ concerning alcohol and drowning is based on the post-mortem findings and the history of the events which surrounded 238 fatal submersions during the 24-year period, 1957 to 1980. Males greatly predominated over females and 139 drownings occurred in males aged 15 years and older. No female had an autopsy blood alcohol concentration (BAC) greater than 0.08 per cent (18 mmol/L) whereas such concentrations were present at autopsy in 35 per cent of all drowned males aged 15 years and older. Of the deceased males in the 30 to 64 years age group, 45 per cent of those submersed while swimming or surfing and 75 per cent of those falling or slipping into water had autopsy BACs greater than 0.150 per cent (33 mmol/L). Of these latter males, 8 (that is, 33 per cent) had autopsy BACs greater than 0.25 per cent (55 mmol/L).

scholarly journals Toxocariasis In A Lioness In Jos Zoo, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
A. G. Rimfa
Keyword(s):  
Worm Burden ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
African Lions

Wild animals in Zoos across the globe are kept for aesthetic, educational, recreational and conservation purposes. Collections of rare and endangered species are also preserved in Zoos. Lions do well in captivity but are prone to excessive worm burden especially round worms and tapeworms though these conditions can easily be managed with adequate Veterinary services. Incidence of toxocariasis in captive African lions (Panthera leo) in Nigeria has largely not been reported. Jos Zoo and Wildlife Park both in Plateau State of Nigeria have lost significant number of lions to toxocariasis due to inadequate Veterinary attention A fatal case of toxocariasis in an African Lioness in Jos Zoological Garden, Nigeria was presented as a case study.

scholarly journals The European hamster (Cricetus cricetus) in captivity: keeping and breeding experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (21) ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Halyna Stanytsina ◽  
◽  
Igor Zagorodniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Cricetus Cricetus ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
At Home

Hamsters have long been considered agricultural pests and their abundance has been controlled. Now in many countries they are recognized as rare and endangered species that are at a risk of extinction. Among conservation measures to preserve and restore the population of many species is to gain experience in their keeping and reproduction in captivity. The experiments were carried out with hamsters obtained from the Crimea at different times. The keeping experience of hamsters in an ordinary residential apartment and the specifics of domestication of the animals caught in the nature are described. Their captivity, cage arrangement, nutrition, reproduction, specifics of communication, seasonal and circadian rhythms, territorial behaviour, threats and factors influencing their well-being are described in detail. Practice has shown that these are friendly and interacting animals to keep at home, and their breeding as pets is promising. Even adults caught in a trap get used to people in 2–4 weeks, take food from hands, go to the cage door when they are called, remember their nickname, calmly walk on the hands and do not bite at all, even when their babies are taken to the hands. Although hamsters are nocturnal in the nature, they are often active during the day at home. They do not hibernate and are active all-year-round, and even breed in winter. Hamsters are highly sensitive to overheating and draft; both are harmful to them and lead to death. In the evenings, while walking around the room hamsters do not run away and do not hide; the cage is considered their territory, safe, and cosy. Therefore, after walks, they go to the cages themselves or ask to be placed in the cage. Quickly master the treadmill and run in it for hours. Hamsters are very different by their individual behaviour and preferences. The purpose of keeping hamsters in captivity is to introduce the species as pets and to form so-called ‘reserve populations’ to restore populations of the species in the wild. Being among the pets, this species will be preserved in the culture and will be able to be released in places where their existence would be desirable. Based on the experience gained from keeping hamsters in captivity, steps to form "wild" behaviour are recommended. The formation of artificial breeding groups, which together form a reserve population, is an important measure in restoration programmes of natural populations of Cricetus cricetus.

scholarly journals Acute fasciolosis in an alpaca: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Hayes ◽  
P. J. O’Brien ◽  
A. Wolfe ◽  
S. Hoey ◽  
C. Chandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Veterinary Practitioner ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biliary Stasis ◽  
Post Mortem Findings ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Abstract Background The popularity of new world camelids, particularly alpacas, is growing rapidly in Ireland, presenting a clinical challenge to veterinary practitioners who may not have worked with these species previously. To the authors’ knowledge, the clinical course of a case of acute fasciolosis in an alpaca has not previously been reported, and fasciolosis has not been reported at all in alpacas in Ireland, making this case report a valuable addition to the current literature. Case presentation A three-year-old male castrated huacaya alpaca was admitted to UCD Veterinary Hospital with a two-day history of colic and tenesmus. He had been treated with albendazole, dexamethasone and potentiated amoxycillin by the referring veterinary practitioner with no response. On initial clinical exam, sensitivity to abdominal palpation was the only abnormality. However, the alpaca proceeded to show abnormal lying positions, tenesmus and reduced faecal output over the next 24 h. A general blood panel demonstrated moderate anaemia, marked hyperglobulinaemia and moderately increased hepatocellular and hepatobiliary enzyme activity. Abdominal radiography revealed enlargement of the first forestomach compartment without evidence of gastrointestinal obstruction or peritonitis. An abdominal ultrasound exam revealed an elongated, heterogenous mass in the caudoventral abdomen that appeared to be contiguous with the liver. FNA of this mass revealed that it was in fact a liver lobe with biliary stasis and inflammation. Faecal sedimentation demonstrated Fasciola hepatica eggs. In spite of treatment with triclabendazole and supportive treatment including blood transfusion, the alpaca’s condition continued to deteriorate and he was euthanised. On post-mortem exam, acute fasciolosis was diagnosed. Conclusions The clinical presentation and course of a case of acute fasciolosis in an individual alpaca is described, including the results of a range of diagnostic tests that were carried out. The final diagnosis is supported by a description of post-mortem findings. This information will serve as a resource for veterinary practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases.

Aneurysms in the history of medicine

VASA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bollinger ◽  
Rüttimann
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Thomas Mann ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
John Hunter ◽  
History Of

Die Geschichte des sackförmigen oder fusiformen Aneurysmas reicht in die Zeit der alten Ägypter, Byzantiner und Griechen zurück. Vesal 1557 und Harvey 1628 führten den Begriff in die moderne Medizin ein, indem sie bei je einem Patienten einen pulsierenden Tumor intra vitam feststellten und post mortem verifizierten. Weitere Eckpfeiler bildeten die Monographien von Lancisi und Scarpa im 18. bzw. beginnenden 19. Jahrhundert. Die erste wirksame Therapie bestand in der Kompression des Aneurysmasacks von außen, die zweite in der Arterienligatur, der John Hunter 1785 zum Durchbruch verhalf. Endoaneurysmoraphie (Matas) und Umhüllung mit Folien wurden breit angewendet, bevor Ultraschalldiagnostik und Bypass-Chirurgie Routineverfahren wurden und die Prognose dramatisch verbesserten. Die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Probleme in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts werden anhand von zwei prominenten Patienten dargestellt, Albert Einstein und Thomas Mann, die beide im Jahr 1955 an einer Aneurysmaruptur verstarben.

Cryobanking of Amphibian Genetic Recourses in Russia: Past and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Victor K. Uteshev ◽  
Edith N. Gakhova ◽  
Ludmila I. Kramarova ◽  
Natalia V. Shishova ◽  
Svetlana A. Kaurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Cell Biophysics ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In modern biology, a search for efficient and safe ways of long-term storage of animal genomes is vital for the survival of rare and endangered species. To date, the only reliable method of prolonging the preservation of genome is deep freezing of somatic and reproductive cells, including spermatozoa. Here we overview the current state of reproductive technologies and present the cryopresevation strategies of genetic material of selected amphibian species. These strategies were developed at the Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia. Cryopreservation could help managing the threatened populations of amphibian species through genome storage and mediate the production of healthy animals from the stored material.

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