scholarly journals Not all brawn, but some brain. Strength gains after training alters kinematic motor abundance in hopping

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6010
Author(s):  
Bernard X.W. Liew ◽  
Andrew Morrison ◽  
Hiroaki Hobara ◽  
Susan Morris ◽  
Kevin Netto
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Uncontrolled Manifold ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Motor Abundance ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength ◽  
Ankle Strength

Background The effects of resistance training on a muscle’s neural, architectural, and mechanical properties are well established. However, whether resistance training can positively change the coordination of multiple motor elements in the control of a well-defined lower limb motor performance objective remains unclear. Such knowledge is critical given that resistance training is an essential and ubiquitous component in gait rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate if strength gains of the ankle and knee extensors after resistance training increases kinematic motor abundance in hopping. Methods The data presented in this study represents the pooled group results of a sub-study from a larger project investigating the effects of resistance training on load carriage running energetics. Thirty healthy adults performed self-paced unilateral hopping, and strength testing before and after six weeks of lower limb resistance training. Motion capture was used to derive the elemental variables of planar segment angles of the foot, shank, thigh, and pelvis, and the performance variable of leg length. Uncontrolled manifold analysis (UCM) was used to provide an index of motor abundance (IMA) in the synergistic coordination of segment angles in the stabilization of leg length. Bayesian Functional Data Analysis was used for statistical inference, with a non-zero crossing of the 95% Credible Interval (CrI) used as a test of significance. Results Depending on the phase of hop stance, there were significant main effects of ankle and knee strength on IMA, and a significant ankle by knee interaction effect. For example at 10% hop stance, a 1 Nm/kg increase in ankle extensor strength increased IMA by 0.37 (95% CrI [0.14–0.59]), a 1 Nm/kg increase in knee extensor strength decreased IMA by 0.29 (95% CrI [0.08–0.51]), but increased the effect of ankle strength on IMA by 0.71 (95% CrI [0.10–1.33]). At 55% hop stance, a 1 Nm/kg increase in knee extensor strength increase IMA by 0.24 (95% CrI [0.001–0.48]), but reduced the effect of ankle strength on IMA by 0.71 (95% CrI [0.13–1.32]). Discussion Resistance training not only improves strength, but also the structure of coordination in the control of a well-defined motor objective. The role of resistance training on motor abundance in gait should be investigated in patient cohorts, other gait patterns, and its translation into functional improvements.

scholarly journals Improved knee extensor strength with resistance training associates with muscle specific miRNAs in older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Zhang ◽  
Alexander Birbrair ◽  
Zhong-Min Wang ◽  
María L. Messi ◽  
Anthony P. Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength

Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Resistance Training on Concentric Knee Extensor Strength

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Godard ◽  
John W. Wygand ◽  
Ralph N. Carpinelli ◽  
Steve Catalano ◽  
Robert M. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength

scholarly journals Necessity of Leg Length Adjustment When Measuring the Knee Extensor Strength Using Hand-held Dynamometers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-554
Author(s):  
Toshiaki SEKO ◽  
Tsuneo KUMAMOTO ◽  
Shunichi OGAWA ◽  
Shunsuke ITO ◽  
Sayo MIURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength

A comparison of volume-equated knee extensions to failure, or not to failure, upon rating of perceived exertion and strength adaptations

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Peter Fisher ◽  
Dominic Blossom ◽  
James Steele
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength

The present study aimed to compare the effects of repetition duration-, volume-, and load-matched resistance training to muscular failure (MMF) or not to muscular failure (NMF) on maximal voluntary isometric knee extensor strength. This design also allowed testing of the efficacy of “5×5” training. Nine recreationally active males (age, 21.4 ± 1.2 years; height, 1.79 ± 0.07 m; weight, 78.4 ± 7.1 kg) performed unilateral resistance training at 80% of maximal torque at 2×/week for 6 weeks. Using their nondominant leg, participants performed 5 sets of 5 repetitions (NMF). Using their dominant leg, participants performed 25 repetitions in as few sets as possible (MMF). All repetitions were performed at a pace of 2 s concentric, 1 s isometric pause, and 2 s eccentric with a 2-min rest interval between sets. Analyses identified significant pre- to post-intervention strength increases for both MMF and NMF, with effect sizes (ESs) of 2.01 and 1.65, respectively, with no significant differences between conditions (p > 0.05). Peak and mean ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) were significantly higher for MMF compared with NMF conditions (p < 0.0001), and a tendency for significantly higher RPE values reported for later sets for the NMF condition. Total training time per session was significantly longer for NMF compared with MMF (p < 0.001). The present study suggests that in untrained participants, resistance training NMF produces equivocally the same strength increases as training to MMF when volume-matched. However, resistance training to MMF appears to be a more time-efficient protocol and may produce greater strength gains as indicated by a larger ES.

The association between anthropometric, lower limb strength, and balance variables with 5-repetition sit-to-stand test performance in physically active elderly women

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kováčiková ◽  
Javad Sarvestan ◽  
Zuzana Gonosova ◽  
Petr Linduska ◽  
Erika Zemkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Flexor Strength

BACKGROUND: Sit-to-stand test is very often used as measure of lower limb strength in elderly adults. However, the recent findings indicate that performance in this test is also influenced by other factors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between anthropometric, lower limb strength, and balance variables with the 5-repetition sit-to-stand test (5RSTST) in elderly women. METHODS: Forty physically active elderly women ⩾ 60 years underwent the 5RSTST and anthropometric, balance, and lower limb strength assessment. Anthropometric measurements included height and weight. Balance was quantified in the bipedal upright stance on the basis of the centre of pressure sway in the anteroposterior (CoPAP) and mediolateral (CoPML) direction. Bilateral concentric strength of the ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors, knee flexors and extensors, and hip extensors was measured. RESULTS: The time to complete the 5RSTST was significantly but mildly associated with height (r= 0.356, p= 0.024), ankle dorsiflexor strength (r=-0.413, p= 0.017), knee flexor strength (r=-0377, p= 0.030), knee extensor strength (r=-0.411, p= 0.017), hip flexor strength (r=-0.359, p= 0.040) on dominant limb, and balance in both directions (AP, r= 0.651, p< 0.001; ML, r= 0.647, p< 0.001). Balance control in AP direction and knee extensor strength on dominant limb were the only factors that contributed independently to 5RSTST, accounting for 55% of the variance. Balance control in AP direction alone explained 41% of the variance in 5RSTST. CONCLUSIONS: Balance control in AP seems to be the most important factor explaining the 5RSTST performance.

Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Resistance Training on Concentric Knee Extensor Strength

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Godard ◽  
John W Wygand ◽  
Ralph N Carpinelli ◽  
Steve Catalano ◽  
Robert M Otto
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ACCENTUATED ECCENTRIC RESISTANCE TRAINING ON KNEE EXTENSOR STRENGTH 1138

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
M. Godard ◽  
J. Wygand ◽  
R. Carpinelli ◽  
S. Catalano ◽  
R. M. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength

The effectiveness of blood-flow restricted resistance training in the musculoskeletal rehabilitation of patients with lower limb disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552110034
Author(s):  
Nico Nitzsche ◽  
Alexander Stäuber ◽  
Samuel Tiede ◽  
Henry Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-load Resistance Training (RT) with or without Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) compared with conventional RT on muscle strength in open and closed kinetic chains, muscle volume and pain in individuals with orthopaedic impairments. Data sources: Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases, including the reference lists of randomised controlled trials (RCT’s) up to January 2021. Review method: An independent reviewer extracted study characteristics, orthopaedic indications, exercise data and outcome measures. The primary outcome was muscle strength of the lower limb. Secondary outcomes were muscle volume and pain. Study quality and reporting was assessed using the TESTEX scale. Results: A total of 10 RCTs with 386 subjects (39.2 ± 17.1 years) were included in the analysis to compare low-load RT with BFR and high or low-load RT without BFR. The meta-analysis showed no significant superior effects of low-load resistance training with BFR regarding leg muscle strength in open and closed kinetic chains, muscle volume or pain compared with high or low-load RT without BFR in subjects with lower limb impairments. Conclusion: Low-load RT with BFR leads to changes in muscle strength, muscle volume and pain in musculoskeletal rehabilitation that are comparable to conventional RT. This appears to be independent of strength testing in open or closed kinetic chains.

scholarly journals Efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation with motion assistance from wearable cyborg hybrid assistive limb in patients with chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Watanabe ◽  
A Koike ◽  
H Kato ◽  
L Wu ◽  
K Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength

Abstract Background Recent Cochrane Systematic Review suggested that the participation in cardiac rehabilitation is associated with approximately 20% lower cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Exercise therapy is the key component of cardiac rehabilitation programs. In recent years, innovative technologies have been introduced into the field of rehabilitation, and a typical example is the wearable cyborg Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL). The wearable cyborg HAL provides motion assistance based on detection of bioelectrical signals on the skin surface when muscle forces are generated. The lumbar-type HAL is expected to expand the therapeutic options for severe cardiac patients who have difficulty in performing usual cardiac rehabilitation programs, such as bicycle pedaling or walking. Purpose We aim to compare the efficacy of exercise therapy performed with motion assistance from a lumbar-type HAL versus conventional training (sit-to-stand exercise without HAL) in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods This clinical trial is a randomized, non-blinded, and controlled study. Twenty-eight heart failure patients (73.1±13.8 years) who have difficulty in walking at the usual walking speed of healthy subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups (HAL group or control group) with a 1:1 allocation ratio and performed sit-to stand exercise either with HAL or without HAL for 5 to 30 minutes once a day, and 6 to 10 days during the study period. The brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), isometric knee extensor strength, standing ability (30-seconds chair-stand test: CS-30), short physical performance battery (SPPB) and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) were measured before and after the completion of cardiac rehabilitation. Cardiac events such as death, re-hospitalization, myocardial infarction and worsening of angina pectoris and heart failure during 1 year after discharge were evaluated. Results There was no significant difference in the number of days of exercise therapy between the two groups. BNP, SPPB and 6MWD were improved in both groups. In the HAL group, the isometric knee extensor strength (0.29±0.11 vs 0.35±0.11 kgf/kg, p=0.003) significantly improved and CS-30 (5.5±5.1 vs 8.2±5.3, p=0.054) tended to improve. However, in the control group, either the isometric knee extensor strength (0.35±0.11 vs 0.36±0.14 kgf/kg, p=0.424) or CS-30 (6.0±4.3 vs 9.2±6.2, p=0.075) did not significantly change. HAL group showed significantly more improvement in the isometric knee extensor strength than control group (p=0.045). Cardiac events occurred in 20% in the HAL group and 43% in the control group. Conclusion The improvement in isometric knee extensor strength with the assistance from lumbar-type HAL suggests that exercise therapy using this device may be useful in chronic heart failure patients with flail or sarcopenia, a strong poor prognostic factor in these patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): This work was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan (JSPS KAKENHI grant number JP17K09485) and funded by the ImPACT Program of the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan) (grant number 2017-PM05-03-01).

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