scholarly journals In search of an optimum sampling algorithm for prediction of soil properties from infrared spectra

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wartini Ng ◽  
Budiman Minasny ◽  
Brendan Malone ◽  
Patrick Filippi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sampling Algorithm ◽  
Calibration Sample ◽  
Sampling Algorithms

Background The use of visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy for rapid soil characterisation has gained a lot of interest in recent times. Soil spectra absorbance from the visible-infrared range can be calibrated using regression models to predict a set of soil properties. The accuracy of these regression models relies heavily on the calibration set. The optimum sample size and the overall sample representativeness of the dataset could further improve the model performance. However, there is no guideline on which sampling method should be used under different size of datasets. Methods Here, we show different sampling algorithms performed differently under different data size and different regression models (Cubist regression tree and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR)). We analysed the effect of three sampling algorithms: Kennard-Stone (KS), conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling (cLHS) and k-means clustering (KM) against random sampling on the prediction of up to five different soil properties (sand, clay, carbon content, cation exchange capacity and pH) on three datasets. These datasets have different coverages: a European continental dataset (LUCAS, n = 5,639), a regional dataset from Australia (Geeves, n = 379), and a local dataset from New South Wales, Australia (Hillston, n = 384). Calibration sample sizes ranging from 50 to 3,000 were derived and tested for the continental dataset; and from 50 to 200 samples for the regional and local datasets. Results Overall, the PLSR gives a better prediction in comparison to the Cubist model for the prediction of various soil properties. It is also less prone to the choice of sampling algorithm. The KM algorithm is more representative in the larger dataset up to a certain calibration sample size. The KS algorithm appears to be more efficient (as compared to random sampling) in small datasets; however, the prediction performance varied a lot between soil properties. The cLHS sampling algorithm is the most robust sampling method for multiple soil properties regardless of the sample size. Discussion Our results suggested that the optimum calibration sample size relied on how much generalization the model had to create. The use of the sampling algorithm is beneficial for larger datasets than smaller datasets where only small improvements can be made. KM is suitable for large datasets, KS is efficient in small datasets but results can be variable, while cLHS is less affected by sample size.

scholarly journals THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE AUDIT QUALITY

2020 ◽  
pp. A 48-A 53
Author(s):  
Hari Setiyawati ◽  
Diah Iskandar ◽  
Gustita Arnawati Putri
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
Professional Skepticism ◽  
Accounting Firm

This study aims to determine the effect of auditor professional skepticism and audit experience on audit quality. This study was undertaken through a survey and was grounded based on existing theories which were then developed into a research model in which the model in this study was designed to examine the effect of auditor professional skepticism and the influence of audit experience on audit quality. This research was conducted at a Public Accounting Firm located in DKI Jakarta. The sampling method used was simple random sampling and 97 samples were obtained. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square. The results of this study indicate that professional skepticism has a significant effect on audit quality, while auditor experience has no significant effect on audit quality. KEYWORDS: Audit Quality, Audit Professional Skepticism, Auditor Experience.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYER BRANDING, CORPORATE REPUTATION, AND RECRUITMENT WEB ON INTENTION TO APPLY

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1572
Author(s):  
Fenti Erlinda ◽  
Rini Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Employer Branding ◽  
Company Reputation ◽  
The Relationship

Research on intention to apply has been done before. Some of  the research that resulted in that the variables - variables that influence on intention to apply is employer branding , reputation of the company , the website recruitment , will be but the results of the study are contained inaccuracies which said that the reputation of the company and website recruitment no effect on intention to apply, so it needs to do research back to answer the formulation of the problems associated with the effect of employer branding, reputation of the company and website recruitment against intention to apply. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of employer branding, company reputation, and website recruitment on intention to apply. The population in the study subjects was 102,290 people with a sample of respondents as many as 99 people. The method of determining the sample using simple random sampling method. Data collection in this study was carried out through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The approach that is used in research this is the approach of quantitative, testing the hypothesis in research is using Partial Least Square (PLS) version 3.2.9. Results of the study show the employer branding and reputation of the company has influence positively and significantly to intention to apply, while the website recruitment has influence negatively and significantly against intention to apply.Keywords: employer branding, company reputation, website recruitment, intention to apply

scholarly journals Pengaruh Rekomendasi Blogger terhadap Minat Belanja Online

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Fallane Hartanto ◽  
Eko Harry Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Insight Into

This research aims to determine the effects of blogger recommendations on online shopping interestions from attractiveness, trust and expertise. The number of samples used in this study were 215 consumer respondents who are active in online shopping in Jakarta, Indonesia. This research uses quantitative research type, by distributing questionnaires online through google form media with purposive random sampling method and analysis techniques using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this research indicate that there is an effect of attractiveness, trust and expertise on online shopping interest. This research is expected to provide insight into the understanding the interest in online shopping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rekomendasi blogger terhadap minat belanja online yaitu menilai dari daya tarik, kepercayaan dan keahlian. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 215 responden konsumen yang aktif dalam belanja online di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif, yaitu dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner secara online melalui media google form dengan metode purposive random sampling dan teknik analisis menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh daya tarik, kepercayaan dan keahlian terhadap minat belanja online. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan dalam pemahaman minat belanja online.

TRANSPARANSI PAJAK DAN KEPERCAYAAN WAJIB PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK (SURVEI PADAWAJIB PAJAK KOTA DKI JAKARTA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Madjidainun Rahma
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Positive Effect

This research aims to identify and examine the effect of the Tax Transparency and Trust Taxpayers Against the Taxpayer Compliance existing areas of Jakarta. The method used is descriptive and associative. Target population studied is Unit in Unit 14 Analysis of the Tax Office in the region of Jakarta. Sampling technique used is random sampling. Model influence analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling ) with alternative method PLS ( Partial Least Square ) which is aimed at testing the Influence between Tax Transparency and Trust Taxpayers Against the Taxpayer Compliance that there diunit analysis has been given permission to conduct research. Results of the analysis showed that partially Tax Transparency and unsignificant positive effect on the Taxpayer Compliance. Similarly, the Trust Taxpayers partially positive and significant impact to the Taxpayer Compliance . Simultaneously Transparency and Trust Tax Taxpayers Against the Taxpayer Compliance effect, this means that the Tax and Trust trades Taxpayers together will increase the Taxpayer Compliance.   Keywords: Tax Transparency, Trust, Taxpayer Compliance.     Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh Transparansi Pajak dan Kepercayaan Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak yang ada wilayah DKI Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan asosiatif. Populasi target yang diteliti ialah Satuan Kerja yang ada di Unit Analisis 14 Kantor Pelayanan Pajak diwilayah DKI Jakarta. Teknik sampel yang digunakan ialah random sampling. Model pengaruh di analisa menggunakan analisis SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) dengan metode alternative PLS (Partial Least Square) yang bertujuan menguji Pengaruh antara Transparansi Pajak dan Kepercayaan Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak yang ada diunit analisis yang telah diberi ijin untuk melakukan penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa Transparansi Pajak secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Begitu pula dengan Kepercayaan Wajib Pajak yang secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Secara simultan Transparansi Pajak dan Kepercayaan Wajib Pajak berpengaruh Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, hal ini berarti bahwa dengan Transakasi Pajak dan Kepercayaan Wajib Pajak bersama-sama maka akan meningkatkan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak.

Kualitas, Kepuasan, Perawat KUALITAS KEHIDUPAN KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Ike Nesdia Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstrak Kualitas kehidupan kerja dan kepuasan kerja perawat telah diketahui dapat mempengaruhi turnover pada tenaga kesehatan. Informasi tentang hubungan kualitas kerja dan kepuasan kerja pada perawat masih sangat minimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas kehidupan kerja dan kepuasan kerja perawat. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian survey ekspanatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data didapatkan dari 32 perawat melalui simple random sampling dan dianalisis menggunakan partial least square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kualitas kehidupan kerja dan kepuasan kerja perawat. Meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan kerja perawat dapat menjadi strategi untuk meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat.   Kata Kunci: Kualitas, Kepuasan Kerja, Manajemen, Keperawatan

scholarly journals Theoretical Simulation of Near-Infrared Spectrum of Piperine: Insight into Band Origins and the Features of Regression Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 000370282110279
Author(s):  
Justyna Grabska ◽  
Krzysztof B. Beć ◽  
Sophia Mayr ◽  
Christian W. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Near Infrared Spectrum

We investigated the near-infrared spectrum of piperine using quantum mechanical calculations. We evaluated two efficient approaches, DVPT2//PM6 and DVPT2//ONIOM [PM6:B3LYP/6-311++G(2df, 2pd)] that yielded a simulated spectrum with varying accuracy versus computing time factor. We performed vibrational assignments and unveiled complex nature of the near-infrared spectrum of piperine, resulting from a high level of band convolution. The most meaningful contribution to the near-infrared absorption of piperine results from binary combination bands. With the available detailed near-infrared assignment of piperine, we interpreted the properties of partial least square regression models constructed in our earlier study to describe the piperine content in black pepper samples. Two models were compared with spectral data sets obtained with a benchtop and a miniaturized spectrometer. The two spectrometers implement distinct technology which leads to a profound instrumental difference and discrepancy in the predictive performance when analyzing piperine content. We concluded that the sensitivity of the two instruments to certain types of piperine vibrations is different and that the benchtop spectrometer unveiled higher selectivity. Such difference in obtaining chemical information from a sample can be one of the reasons why the benchtop spectrometer performs better in analyzing the piperine content of black pepper. This evidenced direct correspondence between the features critical for applied near-infrared spectroscopic routine and the underlying vibrational properties of the analyzed constituent in a complex sample.

Analisis Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Kualitas Produk terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ulang “Slai O’lai”

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Dini Nur Sofya ◽  
Sugeng Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The City

Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of brand image and product quality on the decision to repurchase Slai O'lai products in the people of Kediri City and Regency. This type of research is explanatory research, which explains and proves the relationship and influence between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The research method used is quantitative method. This study used a sample of 110 respondents and distributed questionnaires in the City and District of Kediri with the help of Google Forms. Sampling used non-probability sampling method with convenience sampling method. The sample consists of respondents who live in the City and District of Kediri, aged 17 years and over, and have purchased Slai O'lai products more than 2 (two) times. The data used are primary and secondary data, while the analysis technique used in this study is Partial Least Square (PLS) with validity test, reliability test, and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of this study, it can be seen that brand image and product quality have a positive and significant effect on the decision to repurchase Slai O'lai sandwich biscuits. Keywords: brand Image, Product Quality, Repurchase Decision   Abstrak Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh citra merek dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian ulang produk Slai O’lai pada masyarakat Kota dan Kabupaten Kediri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research, yang menjelaskan dan membuktikan hubungan dan pengaruh antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 110 responden dan menyebarkan kuesioner di Kota dan Kabupaten Kediri dengan bantuan Google Forms. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode non-probability sampling dengan metode convenience sampling. Sampel terdiri dari responden yang berdomisili di Kota dan Kabupaten Kediri, berusia 17 tahun ke atas, dan telah membeli produk Slai O'lai lebih dari 2 (dua) kali. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder, sedangkan teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Partial Least Square (PLS) dengan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, serta uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa citra merek dan kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian ulang biskuit sandwich merek Slai O’lai. Kata kunci: Citra Merek, Kualitas Produk, Keputusan Pembelian Ulang  

Malaysian SMEs m-commerce adoption: TAM 3, UTAUT 2 and TOE approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maruf Gbadebo Salimon ◽  
Olanrewaju Kareem ◽  
Sany Sanuri Mohd Mokhtar ◽  
Olayemi Abdullateef Aliyu ◽  
Jibril Adewale Bamgbade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Computer Anxiety ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environment Model

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to adopt mobile commerce (m-commerce) by integrating the constructs of Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM 3), Universal Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 and Technology-Organization-Environment model. Though numerous m-commerce adoption (MCA) studies have been conducted, lesser attention is paid to how hedonic motivation (HM) can influence organizational users such as SMEs. This study bridges the gap by integrating the three models to provide a new lens to guide SMEs. Design/methodology/approach To examine the factors that influence the adoption of m-commerce, the researchers collected data from SMEs in Malaysia using an online survey. The sample size of the participants was determined through the available list provided by SME Corp Malaysia. The researchers also used Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size and G * Power techniques to determine that the sample size was appropriate. The data collected were analyzed using partial least square-structural equation modeling. Findings The findings of this study reveal that technological factors (computer self-efficacy [CSE], result demonstrability [RD] and computer anxiety [CA]) positively and significantly influence MCA. Likewise, the organizational/environmental factors (m-commerce knowledge, pressure from trading partners and pressure from competitors) positively and significantly influence MCA. The moderating influence of HM was also achieved on the relationship between CSE and RD. However, the proposed hedonic moderating relationship between CA and the adoption of m-commerce is not significant. Research limitations/implications This study integrates three models to explain the adoption of m-commerce among SMEs in Malaysia and tested the moderating influence of HM. The results obtained better explain the decision by the SMEs to use m-commerce. Originality/value The study critically considered how m-commerce can be adopted by SMEs in Malaysia, which previous studies have largely ignored. Considering this, the study, therefore, advances a new relationship by integrating Technology-organization-environment model with TAM 3 and the moderating influence of HM to explain MCA among SMEs. This paper is one of the few research studies to test the moderating influence of HM in this regard.

scholarly journals Higher temperatures and lower annual rainfall do not restrict, directly or indirectly, the mycorrhizal colonization of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under rainfed conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241794
Author(s):  
Maroua Jerbi ◽  
Sonia Labidi ◽  
Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui ◽  
Hatem Chaar ◽  
Faysal Ben Jeddi
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Whereas the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant growth improvement has been well described in agroecosystems, little is known about the effect of environmental factors on AMF root colonization status of barley, the fourth most important cereal crop all over the world. In order to understand the influence of environmental factors, such as climatic and soil physico-chemical properties, on the spontaneous mycorrhizal ability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a field investigation was conducted in 31 different sites in sub-humid, upper and middle semi-arid areas of Northern Tunisia. Mycorrhizal root colonization of H. vulgare varied considerably among sites. Principal component analysis showed that barley mycorrhization is influenced by both climatic and edaphic factors. A partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) revealed that 39% (R²) of the total variation in AMF mycorrhizal rate of barley roots was mainly explained by chemical soil properties and climatic characteristics. Whereas barley root mycorrhizal rates were inversely correlated with soil organic nitrogen (ON), available phosphorus amounts (P), altitude (Z), average annual rainfall (AAR), they were directly correlated with soil pH and temperature. Our results indicated that AMF root colonization of barley was strongly related to climatic characteristics than chemical soil properties. The current study highlights the importance of the PLS-SEM to understand the interactions between climate, soil properties and AMF symbiosis of barley in field conditions.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Milenial Generation Characteristics Of Job Satisfaction Relations And Employee Engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
Alfatih Sikki Manggabarani ◽  
Faisal Marzuki ◽  
Mahendro
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Employee Satisfaction ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Partial Least Square Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique

This research is a quantitative study that aims to determine the Millennial Generation Characteristics of Employee Engagement. The population in this study The study was conducted by taking samples of Millennials who are actively working at Micro Finance companies with a total of 150 respondents. The sample size was taken as many as 150 respondents, with probability sampling methods especially simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. The analysis technique used is the PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis method. The results of this study indicate that the value of R- Square (R2) Employee Engagement is 0.786 and Employee Satisfaction is 0.647 thus indicating that the contribution of Grit, Worklife Balance, and Jon Resources variables to Employee Engagement and Employee Satisfaction are 0.786 or 78.6% and 0.647 or 64.7%. And the rest is influenced by other factors not examined.

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