scholarly journals Conceptual and empirical advances in Neotropical biodiversity research

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Antonelli ◽  
María Ariza ◽  
James Albert ◽  
Tobias Andermann ◽  
Josué Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Biodiversity Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
American Tropics ◽  
Landscape Formation

The unparalleled biodiversity found in the American tropics (the Neotropics) has attracted the attention of naturalists for centuries. Despite major advances in recent years in our understanding of the origin and diversification of many Neotropical taxa and biotic regions, many questions remain to be answered. Additional biological and geological data are still needed, as well as methodological advances that are capable of bridging these research fields. In this review, aimed primarily at advanced students and early-career scientists, we introduce the concept of “trans-disciplinary biogeography,” which refers to the integration of data from multiple areas of research in biology (e.g., community ecology, phylogeography, systematics, historical biogeography) and Earth and the physical sciences (e.g., geology, climatology, palaeontology), as a means to reconstruct the giant puzzle of Neotropical biodiversity and evolution in space and time. We caution against extrapolating results derived from the study of one or a few taxa to convey general scenarios of Neotropical evolution and landscape formation. We urge more coordination and integration of data and ideas among disciplines, transcending their traditional boundaries, as a basis for advancing tomorrow’s ground-breaking research. Our review highlights the great opportunities for studying the Neotropical biota to understand the evolution of life.

The evolution of evolutionary ecology

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Futuyma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Community Ecology ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Evolution Of Life

Appreciation of ecology as a setting or stage for evolution has a long history, but evolutionary ecology became an identifiable discipline in the 1960's, growing mostly out of efforts to understand the evolution of life history components and to formulate a theory of community ecology based on the evolution of species' niches. Since the 1960's, technological advances and conceptual developments, especially the use of null hypotheses and an appreciation of the effects of evolutionary history and Earth history on current patterns, have altered and expanded evolutionary ecology. Many challenging questions remain poorly answered, especially the pressing question of how successful ongoing and future evolution will be in rescuing species from anthropogenic climate change and other human assaults on the natural world.

scholarly journals Metagenome skimming for phylogenetic community ecology: a new era in biodiversity research

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 3515-3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Papadopoulou ◽  
Pierre Taberlet ◽  
Lucie Zinger
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
New Era ◽  
Biodiversity Research ◽  
Phylogenetic Community Ecology

College Choice: Considerations for Academically Advanced High School Seniors

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Melanie S. Meyer ◽  
Jeff Cranmore ◽  
Anne N. Rinn ◽  
Jaret Hodges
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
College Choice ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Early Career ◽  
School Students ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
College Going ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Academically Advanced

When choosing a college, high school students and those who guide them through the process must consider the complex interactions between student-level and institution-level variables in order to achieve an optimal person–environment fit. Ten academically advanced high school students who had chosen and committed to attending a college participated in semistructured interviews in which they rank-ordered and discussed the college choice considerations they used in the decision-making process. This qualitative study describes six themes that were identified across participants. The college-going identity of these academically advanced students was influenced by pressure to attend a highly selective school, social comparisons, and early career exploration opportunities. Additionally, when evaluating institution characteristics, these academically talented high school seniors questioned the relationship between quality, cost, and prestige, appreciated flexible learning options, and sought opportunities for immersion in a domain.

scholarly journals Frontiers of marine science

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Webb ◽  
Elvira S. Poloczanska
Keyword(s):  
Early Career ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Uk

On 9–13 October 2010 early career scientists from the UK and Australia across marine research fields were given the opportunity to come together in Perth, Australia to discuss the frontiers of marine research and exchange ideas.

scholarly journals Longitudinal analyses of gender differences in first authorship publications related to COVID-19

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e045176
Author(s):  
Carolin Lerchenmüller ◽  
Leo Schmallenbach ◽  
Anupam B Jena ◽  
Marc J Lerchenmueller
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Early Career ◽  
First Year ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveConcerns have been raised that the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted research productivity to the disadvantage of women in academia, particularly in early career stages. In this study, we aimed to assess the pandemic’s effect on women’s COVID-19-related publishing over the first year of the pandemic.Methods and resultsWe compared the gender distribution of first authorships for 42 898 publications on COVID-19 from 1 February 2020 to 31 January 2021 to 483 232 publications appearing in the same journals during the same period the year prior. We found that the gender gap—the percentage of articles on which men versus women were first authors—widened by 14 percentage points during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite many pertinent research fields showing near equal proportions of men and women first authors publishing in the same fields before the pandemic. Longitudinal analyses revealed that the significant initial expansions of the gender gap began to trend backwards to expected values over time in many fields. As women may have been differentially affected depending on their geography, we also assessed the gender distribution of first authorships grouped by countries and geographical areas. While we observed a significant reduction of the shares of women first authors in almost all countries, longitudinal analyses confirmed a resolving trend over time.ConclusionThe reduction in women’s COVID-19-related research output appears particularly concerning as many disciplines informing the response to the pandemic had near equal gender shares of first authorship in the year prior to the pandemic. The acute productivity drain with the onset of the pandemic magnifies deep-rooted obstacles on the way to gender equity in scientific contribution.

scholarly journals Preface

2021 ◽  
Vol 2090 (1) ◽  
pp. 011001
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Scientific Program ◽  
Dna Dynamics ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Computational Biomechanics ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Biological Physics ◽  
High Level ◽  
Scientific Environment

The 10th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences (IC-MSQUARE) due to the international conditions regarding the pandemic Covid-19 was held online and in addition to the lectures and presentations that took place in real time, it also had a large collection of pre-recorded presentations that were available to the participants through the conference website. The Conference was attended by more than 180 participants and hosted about 250 oral and virtual presentations while counted more than 600 pre-registered authors. The 10th IC-MSQUARE consisted of different and diverging workshops and thus covered various research fields where Mathematical Modeling is used, such as Theoretical/Mathematical Physics, Neutrino Physics, Non-Integrable Systems, Dynamical Systems, Computational Nanoscience, Biological Physics, Computational Biomechanics, Complex Networks, Stochastic Modeling, Fractional Statistics, DNA Dynamics, Macroeconomics etc. The scientific program was rather heavy, however, according to all attendees, the program was excellent with high level of talks and the scientific environment was fruitful, thus all attendees had a creative time. The Conference Chairman Dimitrios Vlachos University of Peloponnese List of International Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee are available in the pdf.

scholarly journals Using Project-Based Learning to Teach Phylogenetic Reconstruction for Advanced Undergraduate Biology Students: Molluscan Evolution as a Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. David
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Biology ◽  
Biology Students ◽  
Active Teaching ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Molluscan Evolution ◽  
Life On Earth

Phylogenetics plays a central role in understanding the evolution of life on Earth, and as a consequence, several active teaching strategies have been employed to aid students in grasping basic phylogenetic principles. Although many of these strategies have been designed to actively engage undergraduate biology students at the freshman level, less attention is given to designing challenges for advanced students. Here, I present a project-based learning (PBL) activity that was developed to teach phylogenetics for junior and senior-level biology students. This approach reinforces the theories and concepts that students have learned in their freshman courses along with incorporating Bioinformatics, which is essential for teaching zoology in the 21st century.

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

Advances in ultramicrotomy for physical sciences applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G. McMahon ◽  
T. Malis
Keyword(s):  
Particle Surface ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Metal Wires ◽  
Frequent Problem ◽  
Specific Orientation ◽  
Diamond Knife

As with all techniques which are relatively new and therefore underutilized, diamond knife sectioning in the physical sciences continues to see both developments of the technique and novel applications.Technique Developments Development of specific orientation/embedding procedures for small pieces of awkward shape is exemplified by the work of Bradley et al on large, rather fragile particles of nuclear waste glass. At the same time, the frequent problem of pullout with large particles can be reduced by roughening of the particle surface, and a proven methodology using a commercial coupling agent developed for glasses has been utilized with good results on large zeolite catalysts. The same principle (using acid etches) should work for ceramic fibres or metal wires which may only partially pull out but result in unacceptably thick sections. Researchers from the life sciences continue to develop aspects of embedding media which may be applicable to certain cases in the physical sciences.

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