scholarly journals LCA/LCC analysis of starting-lighting-ignition lead-acid battery in China

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxi Ma ◽  
Shuao Yu ◽  
Juanli Wang ◽  
Wei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Lead Recovery ◽  
Material Preparation ◽  
Lead Acid

Background China has the largest lead–acid battery (LAB) industry and market around the world, and this situation causes unavoidable emissions of Pb and other pollutants. Methods On the basis of a field survey on a starting–lighting–ignition (SLI) LAB plant in Zhejiang Province, this study applies life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methods to assess the environmental impacts and environment-related costs derived from the LAB industry during the life phases, including material preparation, battery assembly, transportation, and regeneration of the plant. Results Material preparation and regeneration phases contribute 3.4 and 42.2 g to Pb emission, respectively, and result in 3.29 × 108 CHY of environmental cost for each function unit (1 KVA h LAB capacity). The material preparation phase is the largest mass contributor to global warming potential (GWP, 97%), photo-chemical oxidation potential (POCP, 88.9%), and eutrophication potential (EP, 82.5%) and produces 2.68 × 108 CHY of environmental cost. Discussion Decision makers in the Chinese LAB industry should replace the pyrogenic process in smelting with the use of clean energy, increase the lead recovery rate while producing the same capacity of LABs, and develop new technologies to reduce heavy metal emission, especially in the regeneration phase.

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment of lead acid battery. Case study for Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchanapiya Premrudee ◽  
Utaka Jantima ◽  
Annanon Kittinan ◽  
Lecksiwilai Naruetep ◽  
Kitpakonsanti Kittiwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Battery Case ◽  
Lead Acid

Analysis of lead/acid battery life cycle factors: their impact on society and the lead industry

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G.S. Robertson ◽  
J.R. Wood ◽  
B. Ralph ◽  
R. Fenn
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Lead Acid

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Pulsa Tegangan sebagai Desulfator terhadap Pemulihan Kapasitas Baterai Berbahan Lead Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Ahmad Juang Pratama ◽  
Hamzah Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lead Sulfate ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Pulse Technique ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Lead Acid

<p><em>Abstrak–</em><strong>Pengecasan dengan menggunakan teknik pulsa arus adalah salah satu teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi kehilangan kapasitas aki secara prematur. Teknik ini bisa mempercepat proses pengecasan aki dan memperpanjang siklus hidup sebesar 3 sampai 4 kali dibandingkan dengan pengecasan konvensional dengan arus konstan. Lebih panjangnya siklus hidup baterai berbahan <em>lead acid</em> (BLA) ini dikarenakan teknik pulsa tegangan bersifat sebagai desulfator yaitu pengurai Kristal senyawa timbal sulfat (PbSO<sub>4</sub>) yang menempel pada elektroda dan menjadi penyebab utama BLA kehilangan kapasitas secara prematur. Penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat efek pemulihan / desulfator, dimana BLA yang sudah lemah karena sudah terpakai di <em>treatment</em> dengan pulsa tegangan akan mengembalikan kapastias simpan BLA, menggunakan <em>prototype</em> yang telah dibuat. Dari eksperimen yang dilakukan terlihat peningkatan nilai Daya <em>starter</em> dan peningkatan durasi pembebanan pada BLA.</strong></p><p> </p><p><em>Abstract – </em><strong>Battery charging using pulse technique is a technique that can be used to overcome the premature loss of battery capacity. This technique can speed up the process of charging and extended battery life cycle 3 to 4 times compared with conventional charging using constant current. The Longer  life cycle of Lead Acid Battery is because the technique has desulfator effect. Voltage pulse decomposite timbale sulfate (PbSO<sub>4</sub>) attached to the electrode which is  the main cause of the premature loss of capacity . This study will investigate the effects of the recovery of battery capacity for used weak Lead Acid Battery. Voltage pulses will be applied to the battery using a charger/desulfator prototype. The experiment results show that there is improvement of Cold Cranking Amps Level and Load time duration of the Lead Acid Battery.</strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords –</em></strong><em> BLA(Lead Acid Battery) desulfator, pulse voltage, lead sulfate</em></p>

scholarly journals "GATE TO GATE" LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF BABEL LEAD ACID BATTERY

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
May George Kassir ◽  
◽  
Lamyaa Mohammed Dawood ◽  
Hind Ihsan Mohammed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Lead Acid

Research on Proton Exchange Membranes for Improving Valve Regulated Sealed Lead-Acid Battery Cycling Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Hui Zhang ◽  
Kokswee Go ◽  
Qing-Qing Re ◽  
Zhen-Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Electrolyte Loss ◽  
Charge Discharge ◽  
Lead Acid

Abstract In this article, proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are used as separators for lead-acid batteries. Ion migration experiments are conducted to prove the efficacy of PEMs in blocking the passage of antimony ions. The cells are then assembled into a battery to undergo charge–discharge, life cycle, and electrolyte loss testing. The results show that PEMs are effective at reducing the migration of antimony ions from the cathode alloy grid to the anode while suppressing hydrogen formation and electrolyte loss, which greatly improves coulombic efficiency and cycle life of the battery.

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