scholarly journals Complex characterization of oat (Avena sativa L.) lines obtained by wide crossing with maize (Zea mays L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
Tomasz Warzecha ◽  
Angelika Noga ◽  
Marzena Warchoł ◽  
Ilona Czyczyło-Mysza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Dh Lines

Background The oat × maize addition (OMA) lines are used for mapping of the maize genome, the studies of centromere-specific histone (CENH3), gene expression, meiotic chromosome behavior and also for introducing maize C4 photosynthetic system to oat. The aim of our study was the identification and molecular-cytogenetic characterization of oat × maize hybrids. Methods Oat DH lines and oat × maize hybrids were obtained using the wide crossing of Avena sativa L. with Zea mays L. The plants identified as having a Grande-1 retrotransposon fragment, which produced seeds, were used for genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Results A total of 138 oat lines obtained by crossing of 2,314 oat plants from 80 genotypes with maize cv. Waza were tested for the presence of maize chromosomes. The presence of maize chromatin was indicated in 66 lines by amplification of the PCR product (500 bp) generated using primers specific for the maize retrotransposon Grande-1. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) detected whole maize chromosomes in eight lines (40%). All of the analyzed plants possessed full complement of oat chromosomes. The number of maize chromosomes differed between the OMA lines. Four OMA lines possessed two maize chromosomes similar in size, three OMA—one maize chromosome, and one OMA—four maize chromosomes. In most of the lines, the detected chromosomes were labeled uniformly. The presence of six 45S rDNA loci was detected in oat chromosomes, but none of the added maize chromosomes in any of the lines carried 45S rDNA locus. Twenty of the analyzed lines did not possess whole maize chromosomes, but the introgression of maize chromatin in the oat chromosomes. Five of 66 hybrids were shorter in height, grassy type without panicles. Twenty-seven OMA lines were fertile and produced seeds ranging in number from 1–102 (in total 613). Sixty-three fertile DH lines, out of 72 which did not have an addition of maize chromosomes or chromatin, produced seeds in the range of 1–343 (in total 3,758). Obtained DH and OMA lines were fertile and produced seeds. Discussion In wide hybridization of oat with maize, the complete or incomplete chromosomes elimination of maize occur. Hybrids of oat and maize had a complete set of oat chromosomes without maize chromosomes, and a complete set of oat chromosomes with one to four retained maize chromosomes.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad y estimación del consumo de forrajes y concentrados en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Alfonso Cordero F. ◽  
José Contreras P. ◽  
James Curasma C. ◽  
Miguel Tunque Q. ◽  
Daniel Enríquez Q.
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vicugna Pacos

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación in situ de la materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC) y la estimación del consumo mediante ecuaciones de predicción de MS de forrajes y alimentos concentrados en alpacas Huacaya (Vicugna pacos). Se trabajó con ensilado de maíz chala (Zea mays L) sin y con 1% de urea, cebada (Hordeum vulgare L), avena (Avena sativa L), salvado de trigo (Triticum aestivum L) y raspa de papa (Solanum tuberosum). Los alimentos (5 g en base seca) fueron colocados en sacos de nylon e incubados en el primer compartimento estomacal de dos alpacas fistuladas durante 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 76 horas. Se analizó la MS y la PC de los residuos de los sacos. La MS y la PC del salvado de trigo y de la raspa de papa presentaron potenciales de degradación elevados, así como la MS y la PC de la avena. Se destaca la mayor fracción no degradable de la PC del maíz chala sin y con urea y, por tanto, una menor degradabilidad de la PC. Las estimaciones del consumo por las alpacas generadas por las ecuaciones de tres estudios no son adecuadas a los alimentos en estudio.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of Avena sativa L. cv. SunII and its monosomic lines using cloned repetitive DNA sequences

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Irigoyen ◽  
C Linares ◽  
E Ferrer ◽  
A Fominaya
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Fish Mapping ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) employing multiple probes was used with mitotic or meiotic chromosome spreads of Avena sativa L. cv. SunII and its monosomic lines to produce physical chromosome maps. The probes used were Avena strigosa pAs120a (which hybridizes exclusively to A-genome chromosomes), Avena murphyi pAm1 (which hybridizes exclusively to C-genome chromosomes), A. strigosa pAs121 (which hybridizes exclusively to A- and D-genome chromosomes), and the wheat rDNA probes pTa71 and pTa794. Simultaneous and sequential FISH employing two-by-two combinations of these probes allowed the unequivocal identification and genome assignation of all chromosomes. Ten pairs were found carrying intergenomic translocations: (i) between the A and C genomes (chromosome pair 5A); (ii) between the C and D genomes (pairs 1C, 2C, 4C, 10C, and 16C); and (iii) between the D and C genomes (pairs 9D, 11D, 13D, and 14D). The existence of a reciprocal intergenomic translocation (10C–14D) is also proposed. Comparing these results with those of other hexaploids, three intergenomic translocations (10C, 9D, and 14D) were found to be unique to A. sativa cv. SunII, supporting the view that 'SunII' is genetically distinct from other hexaploid Avena species and from cultivars of the A. sativa species. FISH mapping using meiotic and mitotic metaphases facilitated the genomic and chromosomal identification of the aneuploid chromosome in each monosomic line. Of the 18 analyzed, only 11 distinct monosomic lines were actually found, corresponding to 5 lines of the A genome, 2 lines of the C genome, and 4 lines of the D genome. The presence or absence of the 10C–14D interchange was also monitored in these lines.Key words: Avena sativa, monosomics, FISH mapping, genomic identification, intergenomic translocations.

Chromosome Nomenclature and Cytological Characterization of Sacred Lotus

2017 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Meng ◽  
Xiaoxu Hu ◽  
Zhiliang Zhang ◽  
Zhanjie Li ◽  
Qingfang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
Sacred Lotus ◽  
Chromosomal Length

Sacred lotus is a basal eudicot plant that has been cultivated in Asia for over 7,000 years for its agricultural, ornamental, religious, and medicinal importance. A notable characteristic of lotus is the seed longevity. Extensive endeavors have been devoted to dissect its genome assembly, including the variety China Antique, which germinated from a 1,300-year-old seed. Here, cytogenetic markers representing the 10 largest megascaffolds, which constitute approximately 70% of the lotus genome assembly, were developed. These 10 megascaffolds were then anchored to the corresponding lotus chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization using these cytogenetic markers, and a set of chromosome-specific cytogenetic markers that could unambiguously identify each of the 8 chromosomes was generated. Karyotyping was conducted, and a nomenclature based on chromosomal length was established for the 8 chromosomes of China Antique. Comparative karyotyping revealed relatively conserved chromosomal structures between China Antique and 3 modern cultivars. Interestingly, significant variations in the copy number of 45S rDNA were detected between China Antique and modern cultivars. Our results provide a comprehensive view on the chromosomal structure of sacred lotus and will facilitate further studies and the genome assembly of lotus.

FISH-mapping of rDNAs and Arabidopsis BACs on pachytene complements of selected Brassicas

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr A Ziolkowski ◽  
Jan Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Physical Mapping ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Fish Mapping ◽  
Rdna Sequences

To improve resolution of physical mapping on Brassica chromosomes, we have chosen the pachytene stage of meiosis where incompletely condensed bivalents are much longer than their counterparts at mitotic metaphase. Mapping with 5S and 45S rDNA sequences demonstrated the advantage of pachytene chromosomes in efficient physical mapping and confirmed the presence of a novel 5S rDNA locus in Brassica oleracea, initially identified by genetic mapping using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis visualized the presence of the third 5S rDNA locus on the long arm of chromosome C2 and confirmed the earlier reports of two 45S rDNA loci in the B. oleracea genome. FISH mapping of low-copy sequences from the Arabidopsis thaliana bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones on the B. oleracea chromosomes confirmed the expectation of efficient and precise physical mapping of meiotic bivalents based on data available from A. thaliana and indicated conserved organization of these two BAC sequences on two B. oleracea chromosomes. Based on the heterologous in situ hybridization with BACs and their mapping applied to long pachytene bivalents, a new approach in comparative analysis of Brassica and A. thaliana genomes is discussed.Key words: Brassicaceae, pachytene chromosomes, FISH, rDNA, BACs.

MICROSCOPIA DO AMIDO E DIGESTIBILIDADE DE GRÃOS EM HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO SILAGEIROS COM DIFERENTES VITREOSIDADES

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
EVANDREI SANTOS ROSSI ◽  
MARCOS VENTURA FARIA ◽  
MARCELO CRUZ MENDES ◽  
OMAR JÚNIOR POSSATTO ◽  
CACILDA FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grains

RESUMO - O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar em nível microscópico a estruturação dos grânulos de amido nas porções vítrea e farinácea dos grãos e a influência na digestibilidade de grãos de milho com diferentes vitreosidades, colhidos no ponto de ensilagem. Foram avaliados 12 híbridos comerciais de milho, divididos em dois grupos (seis com grãos duros e seis com grãos dentados). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em dois locais no Centro-Sul do Paraná nos municípios de Guarapuava e Laranjeiras do Sul, sendo as plantas colhidas para análise dos grãos no estádio de ¾ da linha do leite, correspondente ao ponto de silagem. Foram avaliadas distribuição e número de grânulos de amido por área de 5200 μm2 na região vítrea e farinácea do endosperma, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e digestibilidade in situ dos grãos. Há maior número de grânulos de amido no endosperma farináceo dos grãos de milho quando comparado ao endosperma vítreo, aumentando assim a superfície especifica dos grânulos, nos híbridos de milho avaliados no ponto de ensilagem. A digestibilidade dos grãos de milho colhidos no ponto de silagem foi superior no grupo de híbridos dentados quando comparado ao grupo de híbridos de endosperma duro.Palavras chaves: Grânulo de amido, matriz proteica, grãos duros e dentados, Zea mays L.MICROSCOPY OF STARCH AND DIGESTIBILITY OF GRAINS OF MAIZE HYBRIDS FOR SILAGE WITH DIFFERENT VITREOUSNESSABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate by microscopy the starch granules structure in vitreous and floury portions of the grains and the effect on the digestibility of maize hybrid grains with different vitreousness, harvested at the silage point. Twelve commercial corn hybrids were evaluated, divided into two groups (six with hard grains and six with dent grains). The experiments were conducted in two places in Center-South of Paraná State, at the cities of Guarapuava and Laranjeiras do Sul, and the plants were harvested in the stage ¾ of milk line, corresponding to the silage point. Distribution and number of starch granules per area of 5200 μm2 in the vitreous and farinaceous region were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and in situ digestibility of the grains. A greater number of starch granules was observed in the floury endosperm of the corn grains compared to the vitreous endosperm, increasing the specific surface area of the granules in the evaluated hybrids at the silage point. The digestibility of corn grain harvested at the silage point was higher in the group of dent hybrids when compared to the group of hard endosperm hybrids.Keywords: Starch granule, protein matrix, hard grain and dent grain, Zea mays L.

MICROSCOPIA DO AMIDO E DIGESTIBILIDADE DE GRÃOS EM HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO SILAGEIROS COM DIFERENTES VITREOSIDADES

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
EVANDREI SANTOS ROSSI ◽  
MARCOS VENTURA FARIA ◽  
MARCELO CRUZ MENDES ◽  
OMAR JÚNIOR POSSATTO ◽  
CACILDA FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grains

RESUMO - O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar em nível microscópico a estruturação dos grânulos de amido nasporções vítrea e farinácea dos grãos e a influência na digestibilidade de grãos de milho com diferentes vitreosidades,colhidos no ponto de ensilagem. Foram avaliados 12 híbridos comerciais de milho, divididos em dois grupos (seis comgrãos duros e seis com grãos dentados). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em dois locais no Centro-Sul do Paranános municípios de Guarapuava e Laranjeiras do Sul, sendo as plantas colhidas para análise dos grãos no estádio de ¾da linha do leite, correspondente ao ponto de silagem. Foram avaliadas distribuição e número de grânulos de amidopor área de 5200 μm2 na região vítrea e farinácea do endosperma, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura edigestibilidade in situ dos grãos. Há maior número de grânulos de amido no endosperma farináceo dos grãos de milhoquando comparado ao endosperma vítreo, aumentando assim a superfície especifica dos grânulos, nos híbridos demilho avaliados no ponto de ensilagem. A digestibilidade dos grãos de milho colhidos no ponto de silagem foi superiorno grupo de híbridos dentados quando comparado ao grupo de híbridos de endosperma duro.Palavras chaves: Grânulo de amido, matriz proteica, grãos duros e dentados, Zea mays L.MICROSCOPY OF STARCH AND DIGESTIBILITY OF GRAINS OF MAIZE HYBRIDS FOR SILAGE WITH DIFFERENT VITREOUSNESSABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate by microscopy the starch granules structure in vitreousand floury portions of the grains and the effect on the digestibility of maize hybrid grains with different vitreousness,harvested at the silage point. Twelve commercial corn hybrids were evaluated, divided into two groups (six with hardgrains and six with dent grains). The experiments were conducted in two places in Center-South of Paraná State, at thecities of Guarapuava and Laranjeiras do Sul, and the plants were harvested in the stage ¾ of milk line, corresponding tothe silage point. Distribution and number of starch granules per area of 5200 μm2 in the vitreous and farinaceous regionwere evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and in situ digestibility of the grains. A greater number of starchgranules was observed in the floury endosperm of the corn grains compared to the vitreous endosperm, increasing thespecific surface area of the granules in the evaluated hybrids at the silage point. The digestibility of corn grain harvestedat the silage point was higher in the group of dent hybrids when compared to the group of hard endosperm hybrids.Keywords: Starch granule, protein matrix, hard grain and dent grain, Zea mays L.

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