scholarly journals A survey on sleep assessment methods

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ibáñez ◽  
Josep Silva ◽  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Sleep Assessment ◽  
Contact Devices ◽  
Patient’S Perception ◽  
Sleep Questionnaires

Purpose A literature review is presented that aims to summarize and compare current methods to evaluate sleep. Methods Current sleep assessment methods have been classified according to different criteria; e.g., objective (polysomnography, actigraphy…) vs. subjective (sleep questionnaires, diaries…), contact vs. contactless devices, and need for medical assistance vs. self-assessment. A comparison of validation studies is carried out for each method, identifying their sensitivity and specificity reported in the literature. Finally, the state of the market has also been reviewed with respect to customers’ opinions about current sleep apps. Results A taxonomy that classifies the sleep detection methods. A description of each method that includes the tendencies of their underlying technologies analyzed in accordance with the literature. A comparison in terms of precision of existing validation studies and reports. Discussion In order of accuracy, sleep detection methods may be arranged as follows: Questionnaire < Sleep diary < Contactless devices < Contact devices < Polysomnography A literature review suggests that current subjective methods present a sensitivity between 73% and 97.7%, while their specificity ranges in the interval 50%–96%. Objective methods such as actigraphy present a sensibility higher than 90%. However, their specificity is low compared to their sensitivity, being one of the limitations of such technology. Moreover, there are other factors, such as the patient’s perception of her or his sleep, that can be provided only by subjective methods. Therefore, sleep detection methods should be combined to produce a synergy between objective and subjective methods. The review of the market indicates the most valued sleep apps, but it also identifies problems and gaps, e.g., many hardware devices have not been validated and (especially software apps) should be studied before their clinical use.

Design Guidelines for Self-Assessment Support for Adult Academic Distance Learning

2014 ◽  
pp. 625-654
Author(s):  
Maria Menendez Blanco ◽  
Gerrit C. van der Veer ◽  
Laura Benvenuti ◽  
Paul A. Kirschner
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Actual Application

This contribution focuses on adult distance learning. Based on experiences at the Open University of the Netherlands we investigate specific problems that our students have with self-assessment and metacognition while studying. Starting from a literature review and complementing this with available student data from our teaching research center, we developed a conceptual framework that was iteratively adjusted and assessed by a questionnaire study and interviews. This allowed us to develop design guidelines for self-assessment support in distance learning environments. These guidelines were reviewed by experts. The input from the experts was used to modify the guidelines and iterate until they were considered complete. Tangible designs (i.e., mock-ups) for each of the self-assessment methods were proposed. These tangible designs were prototyped for later evaluation. Finally, we provide our conclusions and propose recommendations for actual application and systematic design.

Design Guidelines for Self-Assessment Support for Adult Academic Distance Learning

2012 ◽  
pp. 169-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Menendez Blanco ◽  
Gerrit C. van der Veer ◽  
Laura Benvenuti ◽  
Paul A. Kirschner
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Actual Application

This contribution focuses on adult distance learning. Based on experiences at the Open University of the Netherlands we investigate specific problems that our students have with self-assessment and metacognition while studying. Starting from a literature review and complementing this with available student data from our teaching research center, we developed a conceptual framework that was iteratively adjusted and assessed by a questionnaire study and interviews. This allowed us to develop design guidelines for self-assessment support in distance learning environments. These guidelines were reviewed by experts. The input from the experts was used to modify the guidelines and iterate until they were considered complete. Tangible designs (i.e., mock-ups) for each of the self-assessment methods were proposed. These tangible designs were prototyped for later evaluation. Finally, we provide our conclusions and propose recommendations for actual application and systematic design.

scholarly journals Early Detection Methods for Silicosis in Australia and Internationally: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8123
Author(s):  
Emma K. Austin ◽  
Carole James ◽  
John Tessier
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Occupational Lung Disease ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Future Work

Pneumoconiosis, or occupational lung disease, is one of the world’s most prevalent work-related diseases. Silicosis, a type of pneumoconiosis, is caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust. Although silicosis can be fatal, it is completely preventable. Hundreds of thousands of workers globally are at risk of being exposed to RCS at the workplace from various activities in many industries. Currently, in Australia and internationally, there are a range of methods used for the respiratory surveillance of workers exposed to RCS. These methods include health and exposure questionnaires, spirometry, chest X-rays, and HRCT. However, these methods predominantly do not detect the disease until it has significantly progressed. For this reason, there is a growing body of research investigating early detection methods for silicosis, particularly biomarkers. This literature review summarises the research to date on early detection methods for silicosis and makes recommendations for future work in this area. Findings from this review conclude that there is a critical need for an early detection method for silicosis, however, further laboratory- and field-based research is required.

Risk assessment of waterborne protozoa: current status and future trends

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. GIBSON ◽  
C. N. HAAS ◽  
J. B. ROSE
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Chemical Risk Assessment ◽  
Low Levels

Throughout the past decade much research has been directed towards identifying the occurrence, epidemiology, and risks associated with waterborne protozoa. While outbreaks are continually documented, sporadic cases of disease associated with exposure to low levels of waterborne protozoa are of increasing concern. Current methodologies may not be sensitive enough to define these low levels of disease. However, risk assessment methods may be utilised to address these low level contamination events. The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to microbial risk assessment for waterborne protozoa. Risk assessment is a useful tool for evaluating relative risks and can be used for development of policies to decrease risks. Numerous studies have been published on risk assessment methods for pathogenic protozoa including Cryptosporidium and Giardia. One common notion prevails: microbial risk assessment presents interesting complications to the traditional chemical risk assessment paradigm. Single microbial exposures (non-threshold) are capable of causing symptomatic illness unlike traditional chemical exposures, which require a threshold to be reached. Due to the lack of efficient recovery and detection methods for protozoa, we may be underestimating the occurrence, concentration and distribution of these pathogenic micro-organisms. To better utilize the tool of microbial risk assessment for risk management practices, future research should focus in the area of exposure assessment.

scholarly journals P093 A Systematic Review of Adherence to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) - Key Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A51-A51
Author(s):  
A Mellor ◽  
E Kavaliotis ◽  
S Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Psychological Comorbidities ◽  
Digital Studies ◽  
Sleep Questionnaires

Abstract Introduction Research into factors influencing adherence to CBT-I and how adherence impacts treatment outcomes remains scarce. Through a systematic review, we aimed to determine how adherence is assessed; which factors predict adherence; and which treatment outcomes are predicted by adherence. Methods Included publications met the following criteria: adults with insomnia; an intervention of CBT-I, including sleep restriction (SRT) and/or stimulus control (SCT); a reported measure of adherence; and written in English. Results Final n=103 papers. Measures assessed either global adherence or adherence to specific components of CBT-I via questionnaires, sleep diaries, interviews, or actigraphy. Most common measures were sleep diary-derived CBT-I components for therapist-led studies, and module completion for digital studies. Twenty-eight papers (27.2% of total) examined predictors of adherence. Depression, pre- and post-session sleep, psychosocial support, and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep predicted adherence. Demographic variables, other psychological comorbidities, insomnia severity, and sleep questionnaires did not predict adherence. Twenty-eight papers (27.2%) examined whether adherence predicted treatment outcomes. Neither global adherence nor adherence to any specific component of therapist-led CBT-I reliably predicted sleep outcomes. For digital CBT-I, completion of treatment modules was linked to improvements in ISI, however there were only five studies. Conclusion There was a high degree of heterogeneity in how adherence was measured, and in predictors and outcome variables assessed. This heterogeneity likely explains why adherence does not appear to predict treatment outcome. The field needs to develop a standardised method for assessing each specific adherence construct to fully understand the role of adherence in CBT-I.

scholarly journals A Influência da Bichectomia na Agradabilidade Facial

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-esp.) ◽  
pp. 660-666
Author(s):  
Lucia Gloria Diana Aguilar Pizzurno ◽  
Ana Claudia De Castro Ferreira Conti ◽  
Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Paula Oltramari ◽  
Thais Maria Fernandes Poletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
National Library ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Facial Beauty ◽  
Patient’S Perception ◽  
The Mind

A beleza pode ser definida como uma combinação de qualidades que dão prazer aos sentidos ou a mente. Cirurgiões plásticos acreditam que o volume da bochecha é um importante determinante da beleza facial e aparência jovem. Na Ortodontia, não é suficiente apenas perceber o que interfere no sorriso, é necessário diagnosticar o que se encontra fora da normalidade, para que se possa estabelecer um plano de tratamento. Assim como nos problemas funcionais seguimos condutas que nos levam ao diagnóstico das anomalias, os problemas estéticos também necessitam de parâmetros para que encontremos os defeitos. Nesse âmbito, as investigações científicas sobre os critérios utilizados pelo ortodontista e pacientes para definir um sorriso ou uma face como esteticamente agradável poderiam edificar uma sólida escada para o entendimento das diferenças entre a percepção do profissional e a do paciente. Durante a execução do tratamento, a consulta de pesquisas cientificas que norteiem a situação favorece seu decurso. Nortear a identificação e manejo no diagnóstico e indicação adequada da bichectomia foi o objetivo desta revisão de literatura realizada nas bases de dados científicas National Library of Medicine, Washington, DC (MEDLINE: Pubmed) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Foram recuperados 1710 artigos científicos, que após seleção resultaram em 48 artigos relacionados à descrição e manejo no diagnóstico e indicação adequada da Bichectomia, escolhidos para elaboração desta revisão de literatura. A existência de materiais de fácil consulta com embasamento científico adequado para orientação aos pacientes na tomada de decisões enquanto a Bichectomia favorece manejo do tratamento.   Palavras-chave: Bichectomia. Gordura de Bichat. Estética. Diagnostico. Ortodontia.   Abstract Beauty can be defined as a combination of qualities that give pleasure to the senses or the mind.  Plastic surgeons believe that cheek volume is an important determinant of facial beauty and youthful appearance.  In orthodontics, it is not enough to just understand what interferes with the smile, it is necessary to diagnose what is out of the ordinary, so that a treatment plan can be established.  Just as in functional problems we follow conducts that lead us to the diagnosis of anomalies, aesthetic problems also need parameters in order to find the defects. In this context, scientific investigations on the criteria used by orthodontists and patients to define a smile or face as aesthetically pleasing could build a solid ladder for understanding the differences between the professional's and the patient's perception.  During the execution of the treatment, the consultation of scientific research that guides the situation favors its course.  To guide the identification and management in the diagnosis and adequate indication of bichectomy was the objective of this literature review carried out in the scientific databases National Library of Medicine, Washington, DC (MEDLINE: Pubmed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO).  1710 scientific articles were retrieved, which after selection resulted in 48 articles related to the description and management in the diagnosis and adequate indication of Bichectomy, chosen for the elaboration of this literature review. The existence of easy-to-consult materials with an adequate scientific basis to guide patients in making decisions while Bichectomy favors treatment management.   Keywords: Bichectomy. Buccal Fat Pad. Aesthetics. Diagnostics. Orthodontics  

scholarly journals Alternative Assessments in Online Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic: The Strenghths and Weaknesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Ahmad Arifuddin ◽  
Turmudi Turmudi ◽  
Ummi Nur Rokhmah
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Learning Assessments ◽  
Alternative Assessments ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Research Problems

Currently, online learning becomes a new trend in the Indonesian education. But, the educators are not ready to adapt to online learning, especially in online learning assessments. This study aims to describe the alternative assessments in online learning that can be implemented at elementary education along with its advantages and disadvantages. This study employed a qualitative approach with the literature review method. Researchers collected a number of reputable national and international journal articles, textbooks, handbooks, regulations, and so on from the google scholar database, science direct, eric, and others related to research problems and objectives. The analysis of the literature review uses the critical appraisal method. The results of this study showed that online learning assessments that can be implemented in elementary education were formative and summative assessments. It included cognitive assessments, performance assessments, portfolios, writings and journals, self-assessment and peers-assessments. The use of online learning assessments has many advantages such as the availability to conduct tests on demand and at any time, provides direct feedback to users, the students’ quick access to the test results, and a more accurate measurement of student learning. However, online assessment systems also have several drawbacks, such as students who have low information technology (IT) skills might be disadvantaged. For this reason, in implementing online learning and assessment, teachers and students should master information and communication technology skills.

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