scholarly journals Endophytic fungal communities associated with field-grown soybean roots and seeds in the Huang-Huai region of China

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Yang ◽  
Wenwu Ye ◽  
Jiaxin Ma ◽  
Dandan Zeng ◽  
Zhenyang Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Abundant Genus ◽  
Culture Dependent

Plants depend on beneficial interactions between roots and fungal endophytes for growth, disease suppression, and stress tolerance. In this study, we characterized the endophytic fungal communities associated with the roots and corresponding seeds of soybeans grown in the Huang-Huai region of China. For the roots, we identified 105 and 50 genera by culture-independent and culture-dependent (CD) methods, respectively, and isolated 136 fungal strains (20 genera) from the CD samples. Compared with the 52 soybean endophytic fungal genera reported in other countries, 28 of the genera we found were reported, and 90 were newly discovered. Even though Fusarium was the most abundant genus of fungal endophyte in every sample, soybean root samples from three cities exhibited diverse endophytic fungal communities, and the results between samples of roots and seeds were also significantly different. Together, we identified the major endophytic fungal genera in soybean roots and seeds, and revealed that the diversity of soybean endophytic fungal communities was influenced by geographical effects and tissues. The results will facilitate a better understanding of soybean–endophytic fungi interaction systems and will assist in the screening and utilization of beneficial microorganisms to promote healthy of plants such as soybean.

scholarly journals Fungal Endophytic Communities in Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) Respond to Crop Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 4308-4317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pancher ◽  
Marco Ceol ◽  
Paola Elisa Corneo ◽  
Claudia Maria Oliveira Longa ◽  
Sohail Yousaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Colony Pcr ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Culture Dependent

ABSTRACTWe studied the distribution of fungal endophytes of grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) plants in a subalpine area of northern Italy, where viticulture is of high economic relevance. We adopted both cultivation-based and cultivation-independent approaches to address how various anthropic and nonanthropic factors shape microbial communities. Grapevine stems were harvested from several locations considering organic and integrated pest management (IPM) and from the cultivars Merlot and Chardonnay. Cultivable fungi were isolated and identified by internal-transcribed-spacer sequence analysis, using a novel colony-PCR method, to amplify DNA from fungal specimens. The composition of fungal communities was assessed using a cultivation-independent approach, automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). Multivariate statistical analysis of both culture-dependent and culture-independent data sets was convergent and indicated that fungal endophytic communities in grapevines from organically managed farms were different from those from farms utilizing IPM. Fungal communities in plants of cv. Merlot and cv. Chardonnay overlapped when analyzed using culture-dependent approaches but could be partially resolved using ARISA fingerprinting.

Revealing the endophytic mycoflora in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves in Sri Lanka: the first comprehensive study

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 514 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
KASUN THAMBUGALA ◽  
DINUSHANI DARANAGAMA ◽  
SAGARIKA KANNANGARA ◽  
THENUKA KODITUWAKKU
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data

Endophytic fungi are a diverse group of microorganisms that live asymptomatically in healthy tissues of host and they have been reported from all kinds of plant tissues such as leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits. In this study, fungal endophytes associated with tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) were collected from Kandy, Kegalle, and Nuwara Eliya districts in Sri Lanka and were isolated, characterized, and identified. A total of twenty endophytic fungal isolates belonging to five genera were recovered and ITS-rDNA sequence data were used to identify them. All isolated endophytic fungal strains belong to the phylum Ascomycota and the majority of these isolates were identified as Colletotrichum species. Phyllosticta capitalensis was the most commonly found fungal endophyte in tea leaves and was recorded in all three districts where the samples were collected. This is the very first investigation on fungal endophytes associated with C. sinensis in Sri Lanka based on molecular sequence data. In addition, a comprehensive account of known endophytic fungi reported worldwide on Camellia sinensis is provided.

scholarly journals Comparison of DNA sequencing and morphological identification techniques to characterize environmental fungal communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohide Shinohara ◽  
Cheolwoon Woo ◽  
Naomichi Yamamoto ◽  
Kazuhiro Hashimoto ◽  
Hiroko Yoshida-Ohuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Identification Technique ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Culture Dependent

AbstractCulture-independent DNA sequencing of fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region was compared to a culture-dependent morphological identification technique to characterize house dust-borne fungal communities. The abundant genera were Aspergillus, Wallemia, Cladosporium, and Penicillium. Statistically significant between-method correlations were observed for Wallemia and Cladosporium (Spearman’s ρ = 0.75 and 0.72, respectively; p < 0.001). Penicillium tended to be detected with much higher (averaged 26-times) relative abundances by the culture-based method than by the DNA-based method, although statistically significant inter-method correlation was observed with Spearman’s ρ = 0.61 (p = 0.002). Large DNA sequencing-based relative abundances observed for Alternaria and Aureobasidium were likely due to multicellularity of their spores with large number of per-spore ITS2 copies. The failure of the culture-based method in detectiing Toxicocladosporium, Verrucocladosporium, and Sterigmatomyces was likely due to their fastidiousness growth on our nutrient medium. Comparing between the two different techniques clarified the causes of biases in identifying environmental fungal communities, which should be amended and/or taken into consideration when the methods are used for future fungal ecological studies.

scholarly journals Biodiversity study of endophytic fungi associated with two Quercus species in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. e003
Author(s):  
Saied Ghasemi ◽  
Sima Khodaei ◽  
Kaivan Karimi ◽  
Majid Tavakoli ◽  
Illaria Pertot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Aim of study: In this study, frequency and diversity of fungal endophyte communities inhabiting twigs and branches of apparently healthy Q. macranthera and Q. brantii in East Azerbaijan and Lorestan provinces of Iran is presented.Area of study: East Azerbaijan and Lorestan provinces in Iran.Materials and methods: Culturable fungal endophytes were recovered from wood tissues using routine technique for isolation of fungal endophytes. The identity of fungal isolates were determined based on morphological characteristics and sequences data of ITS-rDNA region and Beta-tubulin gene. Frequency and diversity among fungal communities were analyzed using chi-square test and biodiversity indices.Main results: The highest frequency and diversity was detected for fungal endophyte community recovered from Q. macranthera and East Azerbaijan province. The assemblage of endophytic fungi characterized in this study in healthy tissues of oak trees indicates that some of the fungi are possible latent pathogens such as Biscogniauxia mediterranea with 18.28% frequency followed by Alternaria alternata and Trichothecium roseum respectively. Two fungal taxa of Pyronema domesticum and Valsa persoonii are reported for the first time in Iran. Overall, the results of this study show that the plant species and growth location influence frequency and diversity of culturable fungal endophytic communities of Quercus in Iran.Keywords: Quercus macranthera, Quercus brantii, Fungal endophytes, Molecular identification.Abbreviations used: CBS (Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures); CCTU (Culture Collection of University of Tabriz); GTR (General Time Reversible); HKY (Hasegawa Kishino Yano); ITS-rDNA (Internal Transcribed Space); km (kilometer) ; PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar); TUB (Tubulin).

scholarly journals Preliminary study of endophytic fungi in timothy (Phleum pratense) in Estonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triin Varvas ◽  
Kristina Kasekamp ◽  
Bellis Kullman
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Isolate Identification

Timothy (<em>Phleum pratense </em>L.) is an important agricultural grass in Europe and North America, but there is little research into the occurrence and abundance of fungal endophyte species associated with this grass. The aim of this study was to identify fungal endophytes living within <em>P. </em>pratense and to determine if additional moisture applied during the growing season increases the diversity of endophytic fungi. We studied 58 isolates obtained from surface-sterilised blades of 60 <em>P. pratense </em>plants collected from Rõka Free Air Humidity Manipulation experimental plots (FAHM), Estonia. Morphological and molecular methods were used for isolate identification. As a result, 45 strains from 10 different taxa were identified, all belonging to Ascomycota. Five species were found to be new to <em>P. pratense</em>.

scholarly journals Development of Plant–Fungal Endophyte Associations to Suppress Phoma Stem Canker in Brassica

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Davood Roodi ◽  
James P. Millner ◽  
Craig R. McGill ◽  
Richard D. Johnson ◽  
Shen-Yan Hea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Pests And Diseases

Endophytic microorganisms are found within the tissues of many plants species, with some conferring several benefits to the host plant including resistance to plant diseases. In this study, two putative endophytic fungi that were previously isolated from wild seeds of Brassica, identified as Beauveria bassiana and Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, were inoculated into cultivars of three Brassica species—Brassica napus, Br. rapa and Br. oleracea. Both fungal endophytes were reisolated from above- and below-ground tissues of inoculated plants at four different plant-growth stages, including cotyledon, one-leaf, two-leaf, and four-leaf stages. None of the plants colonised by these fungi exhibited any obvious disease symptoms, indicating the formation of novel mutualistic associations. These novel plant–endophyte associations formed between Brassica plants and Be. bassiana significantly inhibited phoma stem canker, a devastating disease of Brassica crops worldwide, caused by the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. The novel association formed with P. pannorum significantly suppressed the amount of disease caused by L. maculans in one out of two experiments. Although biological control is not a new strategy, endophytic fungi with both antiinsect and antifungal activity are a highly conceivable, sustainable option to manage pests and diseases of economically important crops.

Fungal endophyte diversity in table grapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Champa Wijekoon ◽  
Zoe Quill
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Microbial Sources

Plant fungal endophytes are diverse microbial sources that reside inside plants. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are rich in polyphenols that have beneficial health effects, and recent research has shown that fungal endophytes in grapes may contribute to the production of these polyphenols and may serve as biocontrol agents. In this study, we determined the fungal microbial endophyte diversity in North American table grapes found at a Winnipeg, Manitoba, market. The amplicon internal transcribed spacer (ITS) metagenomics approach was used to profile the fungal communities of the fruit endophyte microbiome of three table grape types. The data supported endophyte diversity in different table grapes, including possible bioactive, saprophytic, and pathogenic fungi. Culturable endophytes were isolated and identified by morphology and ITS amplicon sequencing. The majority of the isolated culturable strains included Alternaria spp. and Cladosporium spp. The results provided evidence of the existence of diverse fungal endophytes isolated and identified from the fruit of the table grapes. These fungal endophytes may have potential in agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae changes the fungal endophyte community of tumourous stem mustard roots as revealed by high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent methods

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueliang Tian ◽  
Diandong Wang ◽  
Zhenchuan Mao ◽  
Limei Pan ◽  
Jingjing Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Endophyte Community ◽  
Culture Dependent

AbstractDiverse fungal endophytes live in plants and are shaped by some abiotic and biotic stresses. Plant disease as particular biotic stress possibly gives an impact on the communities of fungal endophytes. In this study, clubroot disease caused by an obligate biotroph protist, Plasmodiophora brassicae, was considered to analyze its influence on the fungal endophyte community using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) through high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent methods. The results show that the diversity of the endophyte community in the healthy roots was much higher than the clubroots. Ascomycota was the dominant group of endophytes (including Phoma, Mortierella, Penicillium, etc.) in the healthy roots while P. brassicae was the dominant taxon in the clubroots. Hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA) and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicated significant differences between the endophyte communities in the healthy roots and clubroots. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) analysis showed that the dominant genera could be regarded as potential biomarkers. The endophyte community in the healthy roots had a more complex network compared with the clubroots. Also, many plant pathogenic Fusarium were isolated from the clubroots by the culture-dependent method. The outcome of this study illustrates that P. brassicae infection may change the fungal endophyte community associated with the roots of tumourous stem mustard and facilitates the entry of soil pathogen into the roots.

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