scholarly journals Recalibrating the body: visuotactile ventriloquism aftereffect

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Samad ◽  
Ladan Shams
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ventriloquism Aftereffect ◽  
Representations Of Space

Visuotactile ventriloquism is a recently reported effect showing that somatotopic tactile representations (namely, representation of location along the surface of one’s arm) can be biased by simultaneous presentation of a visual stimulus in a spatial localization task along the surface of the skin. Here we investigated whether the exposure to discrepancy between tactile and visual stimuli on the skin can induce lasting changes in the somatotopic representations of space. We conducted an experiment investigating this question by asking participants to perform a localization task that included unisensory and bisensory trials, before and after exposure to spatially discrepant visuotactile stimuli. Participants localized brief flashes of light and brief vibrations that were presented along the surface of their forearms, and were presented either individually (unisensory conditions) or were presented simultaneously at the same location or different locations. We then compared the localization of tactile stimuli in unisensory tactile conditions before and after the exposure to discrepant bisensory stimuli. After exposure, participants exhibited a shift in their tactile localizations in the direction of the visual stimulus that was presented during the exposure block. These results demonstrate that the somatotopic spatial representations are capable of rapidly recalibrating after a very brief exposure to visually discrepant stimuli.

scholarly journals Visual body size adaptation and estimation of tactile distance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Zopf ◽  
Veronika Kosourikhina ◽  
Kevin R. Brooks ◽  
Vince Polito ◽  
Ian Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Visual Adaptation ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adaptation Effects

Estimating the size of bodies is crucial for interactions with physical and social environments. Body size perception is malleable and can be altered using visual adaptation paradigms. However, it is unclear whether such visual adaptation effects also transfer to other modalities and influence, for example, the perception of tactile distances. In this study we employed a visual adaptation paradigm. Participants were exposed to images of expanded or contracted versions of self- or other-identity bodies. Before and after this adaptation they were asked to manipulate the width of body images to appear as “normal” as possible. We replicated an effect of visual adaptation, such that the body size selected as most “normal” was larger after exposure to expanded and thinner after exposure to contracted adaptation stimuli. In contrast, we did not find evidence that this adaptation effect transfers to distance estimates for paired tactile stimuli delivered to the abdomen. A Bayesian analysis showed that our data provide moderate evidence that there is no effect of visual body size adaptation on the estimation of spatial parameters in a tactile task. This suggests that visual body size adaptation effects do not transfer to somatosensory body size representations.

Examining tactile spatial remapping using transcranial magnetic stimulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Jared Medina ◽  
Shaan Khurshid ◽  
Roy H. Hamilton ◽  
H. Branch Coslett
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Area 5 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus

Previous research has provided evidence for two stages of tactile processing (e.g., Azañon and Soto-Faraco, 2008; Groh and Sparks, 1996). First, tactile stimuli are represented in a somatotopic representation that does not take into account body position in space, followed by a representation of body position in external space (body posture representation, see Medina and Coslett, 2010). In order to explore potential functional and neural dissociations between these two stages of processing, we presented eight participants with TMS before and after a tactile temporal order judgment (TOJ) task (see Yamamoto and Kitazawa, 2001). Participants were tested with their hands crossed and uncrossed before and after 20 min of 1 Hz repetitive TMS (rTMS). Stimulation occurred at the left anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS, somatotopic representation) or left Brodmann Area 5 (BA5, body posture) during two separate sessions. We predicted that left aIPS TMS would affect a somatotopic representation of the body, and would disrupt performance in both the uncrossed and crossed conditions. However, we predicted that TMS of body posture areas (BA5) would disrupt mechanisms for updating limb position with the hands crossed, resulting in a paradoxical improvement in performance after TMS. Using thresholds derived from adaptive staircase procedures, we found that left aIPS TMS disrupted performance in the uncrossed condition. However, left BA5 TMS resulted in a significant improvement in performance with the hands crossed. We discuss these results with reference to potential dissociations of the traditional body schema.

Parathyroid gland before and after cisplatin treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J.M. Fadool
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Strands

Cisplatin (CDDP) a potent antitumor agent suffers from severe toxic side effects with nephrotoxicity being the major dose-limiting factor, The primary mechanism of its action has been proposed to be through its cross-linking DNA strands. It has also been shown to inactivate various transport enzymes and induce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia that may be the underlying cause for some of its toxicities. The present is an effort to study its influence on the parathyroid gland for any hormonal changes that control calcium levels in the body.Male Swiss Wistar rats (Crl: (WI) BR) weighing 200-300 g and of 60 days in age were injected (ip) with cisplatin (7mg/kg in normal saline). The controls received saline injections only. The animals were injected (iv) with calcium (0.5 ml of 10% calcium gluconate/day) and were killed by decapitation on day 1 through 5. Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes.

Enhancing Spatial Ability Through Sport Practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moreau ◽  
Jérome Clerc ◽  
Annie Mansy-Dannay ◽  
Alain Guerrien
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Mental Rotation Test ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cognitive Plasticity ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

This experiment investigated the relationship between mental rotation and sport training. Undergraduate university students (n = 62) completed the Mental Rotation Test ( Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978 ), before and after a 10-month training in two different sports, which either involved extensive mental rotation ability (wrestling group) or did not (running group). Both groups showed comparable results in the pretest, but the wrestling group outperformed the running group in the posttest. As expected from previous studies, males outperformed women in the pretest and the posttest. Besides, self-reported data gathered after both sessions indicated an increase in adaptive strategies following training in wrestling, but not subsequent to training in running. These findings demonstrate the significant effect of training in particular sports on mental rotation performance, thus showing consistency with the notion of cognitive plasticity induced from motor training involving manipulation of spatial representations. They are discussed within an embodied cognition framework.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Evaluation of Body Sway Using Tactile Stimuli on the Body Trunk

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1141
Author(s):  
Ryo Hasegawa ◽  
Amir Maleki ◽  
Masafumi Uchida
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Tactile Stimuli

Body balance in a free-standing position in road and off-road cyclists

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Hebisz ◽  
Rafal Hebisz ◽  
Marek Zaton
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Road Cyclists

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this study was to compare body balance in road and off-road cyclists, immediately before and after the racing season.Material/Methods: Twenty individuals participated in the study and they were divided into two groups: specialists in road-cycling (n = 10) and in off-road cycling (n = 10). Immediately before and after the five-month racing season stabilographic trials were carried out (at rest and after progressive exercise). In assessing body balance the distance and velocity of the centre shifts (in the anterior-posterior and left-right direction) were analysed. The tests were performed with the cyclists’ eyes open, eyes closed, and in feedback.Results: After the racing season, in the off-road cyclists’ group, distance and velocity of the centre of pressure shifts increased after a progressive exercise.Conclusions: In the off-road cyclists’ group the balance of the body in the sagittal plane deteriorated after the racing season. Moreover, after the racing season off-road cyclists were characterized by a worse balance of the body, compared to road cyclists

Evaluation of the hormonal and biochemical changes in obese and non-obese PCOS Iraqi women before and after vitamin D supplementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (o3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suaad Muhssen Ghazi ◽  
Fatin Shallal Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Granulose Cells

Vitamin D deficiency is common in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Vitamin D plays an important physiologic role in reproductive functions of ovarian follicular development and luteinization through altering anti-müllerian hormone signaling, follicular stimulating hormone activity and progesterone production in human granulose cells. Vitamin D is precipitated in adipose fat tissues, making it notable to be used for the body as a result; obese people with high body mass index are already highly expected to have low levels of serum vitamin D.

EFEKTIVITAS BOOKLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN GIGI MULUT PADA IBU HAMIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Rahmaini Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Pregnancy causes physiological changes in the body and as well as in the oral cavity. Dental and oral diseases associated with pregnancy that is, gingivitis, periodontitis and pregnancy granuloma. Mouth dental disease during pregnancy is not only influenced by the pregnancy itself but rather the lack of knowledge about dental and oral health maintenance. Efforts to improve the knowledge of pregnant women about oral health is done by providing information, information necessary for health education media. In this case the media is created and used to improve the knowledge of pregnant women is the booklet. This study aimed to analyze the differences in knowledge and attitudes before and after maintenance booklet oral health in pregnant women. This study is a quasi experiment with one group pre  and post test design. The sample is the first trimester pregnant women who come to the health center in Sentosa Baru Medan as many as 34 people. Analysis of the data  forcompare the average difference in scores of knowledge and attitudes before and after the intervention used the Wilcoxon test. The results showed there is an increased knowledge and attitude maintenance of oral health in pregnant women after being given a booklet with a value of p < 0.001, a percentage increase of 30% knowledge and attitudes percentage of 37%. The conclusions of this study is increased knowledge and attitude maintenance of oral health in pregnant women after being given a booklet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document